View source for spindle

{{also|Spindle}}
==English==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|en|spindel||obsolete}}
* {{alt|en|spinnel||dialectal}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|en|enm|spyndel}}, {{m|enm|spindle}}, {{m|enm|spyndylle}}, from {{inh|en|ang|spindle}}, {{m|ang|spindel}}, alteration of earlier {{m|ang|spinel}}, {{m|ang|spinil}}, {{m|ang|spinl||spindle}}, from {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*spinnilu||spindle}}, equivalent to {{suffix|en|spin|le}}. Cognate with {{cog|sco|spindil}}, {{m|sco|spinnell||spindle}}, {{cog|nl|spindel}} {{gloss|"spindle"; < Middle Dutch {{m|dum|spille}}, {{m|dum|spinle}}}}, {{cog|de|Spindel||spindle}}, {{cog|da|spindel||spindle}}, {{cog|sv|spindel||spindle}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈspɪndəl/}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-spindle.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{hyphenation|en|spin|dle}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɪndəl|s=2}}

===Noun===
[[File:A Bedouin shepherdess of Sharon. Spinning yarn as she goes LOC matpc.15654.jpg|thumb|a shepherd spinning yarn with a '''spindle''']]
{{en-noun}}

# {{senseid|en|rod used in spinning fibers}} {{lb|en|spinning}} A [[rod]] used for [[spinning]] and then [[winding]] fibres (especially [[wool]]), usually consisting of a [[shaft]] and a circular [[whorl]] positioned at either the upper or lower end of the shaft when suspended vertically from the forming thread.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2005| tlr=Anthony Briggs| title=w:War and Peace| original=Война́ и миръ| by=w:Leo Tolstoy| origyear=1868–9| section=Volume I, Part 1, Chapter 3| page=13| publisher=w:Penguin Classics| passage=Anna Pavlovna’s soirée was now in full swing. On all sides the '''spindles''' were humming away non-stop.}}
# {{senseid|en|rod which turns or on which something turns}} A rod which turns, or on which something turns.
#: {{cot|en|axle|shaft}}
#: ''the '''spindle''' of a vane''
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=2012-03|author=w:Henry Petroski|title=Opening Doors|volume=100|issue=2|page=112–3|magazine=w:American Scientist|url=http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/opening-doors|passage=A doorknob of whatever roundish shape is effectively a continuum of levers, with the axis of the latching mechanism&mdash;known as the '''spindle'''&mdash;being the fulcrum about which the turning takes place.}}
# {{senseid|en|rotary axis of tool}} A rotary axis of a [[machine tool]] or [[power tool]].
# {{senseid|en|woody plant of genus Euonymus}} Certain of the species of the genus {{taxfmt|Euonymus|genus}}, originally used for making the spindles used for spinning wool.
# {{senseid|en|spike for papers}} An upright [[spike]] for holding paper documents by [[skewer|skewering]].
#: {{cot|en|billhook#English:_office tool similar to spindle}}
#: {{collocation|en|check '''spindle'''}}
#: {{collocation|en|receipt '''spindle'''}}
# {{senseid|en|fusee of a watch}} The [[fusee]] of a [[watch]].
# {{senseid|en|any long and slender stalk, Euonymus-like}} Any long and slender [[stalk]] resembling a spindle from {{taxfmt|Euonymus|genus}}.
# {{senseid|en|any of several units of measure for yarn}} A [[yarn]] [[measure]] containing, in [[cotton]] yarn, 15,120 yards; in [[linen]] yarn, 14,400 yards.
# {{lb|en|geometry}} A [[solid]] generated by the [[revolution]] of a curved line about its base or double ordinate or [[chord]].
# Any [[marine]] [[univalve]] [[shell]] of the genus {{taxlink|Tibia|genus|nomul=1}}; a {{vern|spindle stromb}}.
# Any marine [[gastropod]] with a spindle-shaped shell formerly in one of the three invalid genera called ''[[Fusus]]''.
# {{lb|en|biology}} A [[cytoskeletal]] structure formed during [[mitosis]]
# {{lb|en|coastal New Jersey}} a [[dragonfly]], calque of Swedish ''[[trollslända|slända]]'' (dragonfly/spindle), introduced by New Sweden settlers.
# {{lb|en|computing}} A [[plastic]] [[container]] for [[packaging]] [[optical disc]]s. Bulk [[blank]] [[CD]]s, DVDs, and BDs are often sold in such a package.
# A [[muscle spindle]].
# A [[sleep spindle]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2010|title=Human Sleep and Cognition: Basic Research|page=10
|passage=One of the fascinating characteristics of sleep spindles is that they are generated by the thalamic reticular nucleus, and do not occur in the presence of NE. In fact, LC neurons fall silent in the second preceding each '''spindle''' {{...}}}}

====Synonyms====
* {{sense|a tree from the Euonymus genus}} {{l|en|spindle tree}}

====Hypernyms====
* {{sense|a tree from the Euonymus genus}} {{l|en|euonymus}}

====Derived terms====
{{col-auto|en|hemispindle|Japanese spindle|mitotic spindle|spindle cell|spindle diagram|spindle neuron|spindle-shanked|spindle-shaped|sleep spindle|spindle poison|spindle toxin|central spindle}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|rod in spinning and winding thread}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|bosht|m}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|مِغْزَل|m}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|իլիկ}}, {{t+|hy|իլ}}
* Aromanian: {{t|rup|fus}}
* Asturian: {{t|ast|fusu|m}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|iy}}
* Bashkir: {{t|ba|орсоҡ|sc=Cyrl}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|верацяно́|n}}
* Bengali: {{t+|bn|টাকু}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|врете́но|n}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|ချည်လုံး}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|fus}}
* Cebuano: {{t|ceb|kalinyasan}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|紡錘|tr=fǎngchuí}}, {{t+|cmn|錠子|tr=dìngzi}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|vřeteno|n}}
* Dalmatian: {{t|dlm|fois|m}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|spindel}}, {{t+|da|ten|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|spintol|m}}, {{t+|nl|spindel|m}}, {{t+|nl|spoel|f}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|ŝpinilo}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|kedervars}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|värttinä}}, {{t|fi|kehräin}}
* French: {{t+|fr|fuseau|m}}
* Friulian: {{t|fur|fûs}}
* Galician: {{t|gl|fuso|m}}
* Georgian: {{t+|ka|თითისტარი}}
* German: {{t+|de|Spindel|f}}
*: Alemannic German: {{t|gsw|Chrëbs|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|αδράχτι|n}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|ἄτρακτος|m}}, {{t|grc|νῆτρον|n}}, {{t|grc|κλωστήρ|m}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|פֶּלֶך|m|tr=pélekh}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|तकला}}, {{t+|hi|तकली|f}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|orsó}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|snælda|f}}
* Ingrian: {{t|izh|värttänä}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|fearsaid|f}}, {{t|ga|eiteán|m}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|fuso}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|紡錘|tr=ぼうすい, bōsui|sc=Jpan}}, {{t+|ja|錘|tr=つむ, tsumu|sc=Jpan}} {{qualifier|dated}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|ұршық}}
* Khmer: {{t|km|កដិពន្ធ}}, {{t+|km|ខ្នារ}}
* Korean: {{t|ko|방추}}, {{t|ko|물레가락}}
* Kurdish:
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|teşî}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t+|ky|ийик}}
* Lao: {{t|lo|ໄນຫລາ}}
* Latin: {{t|la|fūsus}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|vārpsta|f}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|verpstukas|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|вретено|n}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|tokohuri}}
* Navajo: {{t|nv|bee adizí}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|spindel|m}}
* Occitan: {{t+|oc|fus}}
* Old Church Slavonic:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|cu|врѣтено|n}}
* Old East Slavic: {{t|orv|веретено|n}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|spinel}}/{{t|ang|spindel|f}}, {{t|ang|inspinn|n}}
* Old Norse: {{t|non|snælda|f}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|ایك|tr=iğ}}, {{t|ota|كرمان|tr=kerman, kirman}}, {{t|ota|دوك|tr=duk}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|دوک|tr=duk}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|wrzeciono|n}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|fuso|m}}
* Quechua: {{t|qu|puchka}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|fus|n}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|веретено́|n}}
* Sanskrit: {{t+|sa|तर्कु|m|n}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|вретѐно|n}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|vretèno|n}}
* Sicilian: {{t|scn|fusu|m}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|vreteno|n}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|vreteno|n}}
* Sorbian:
*: Lower Sorbian: {{t|dsb|wrjeśeno|n}}
*: Upper Sorbian: {{t|hsb|wrjećeno|n}}
* Southern Altai: {{t|alt|ийик}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|huso|m}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|slända|c}}
* Tagalog: {{t+|tl|sudlan}}, {{t|tl|ikiran}}, {{t|tl|suliran}}
* Tajik: {{t|tg|дук}}
* Telugu: {{t+|te|కదురు}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|กระสวย}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|iğ}}
* Turkmen: {{t|tk|ik}}
* Ugaritic: {{t|uga|𐎔𐎍𐎋}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|верете́но|n}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|تکلا|tr=taklā}}
* Uyghur: {{t|ug|يىك}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|duk}}, {{t+|uz|yig}}
* Venetan: {{t|vec|fuxo|m}}, {{t|vec|fus}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|cọc}}, {{t+|vi|sợi}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|gwerthyd|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|rod which turns, or on which something turns round}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|spil|f}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|akseli}}, {{t+|fi|kara}}
* French: {{t+|fr|essieu|m}}
* German: {{t+|de|Spindel|f}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|סֶרֶן|m|tr=séren}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|fearsaid|f}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|осовина|f}}, {{t|mk|стожер|m}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|turuki}}, {{t|mi|tokohuri}}
* Norman: {{t|nrf|êsseu|m}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|ایك|tr=iğ}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|osie|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|шпи́ндель|m}}, {{t+|ru|ось|f}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|kirmen}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|шпиндель|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|rotary axis of a machine tool or power tool}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|spil|f}}, {{t+|nl|as|f}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kara}}
* German: {{t+|de|Spindel}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|mol|m}}, {{t|ga|fearsaid|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|шпи́ндель|m}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|spindel}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|шпиндель|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|trees of the genus ''Euonymus''}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|fshikakuq|m}}, {{t+|sq|herdhaqen|m}},  {{t+|sq|rraboshtë|f}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|իլենի}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|брызглі́на|f}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|чашкодрян|m}}
* Catalan: {{t|ca|boneter|m}}, {{t|ca|evònim|m}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|brslen|m}}
* Danish: {{t-needed|da}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|kardinaalsmuts|f}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|sorvarinpensas}}
* German: {{t+|de|Spindelstrauch|m}}
* Greek: {{t-needed|el}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|εὐώνυμος|f}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|kecskerágó}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|feoras|m}}, {{t|ga|crann feorais|m}}
* Korean: {{t|ko|화살나무}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|курика|f}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|wananbēam|m}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|trzmielina|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|salbă-moale|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|берескле́т|m}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|ку̀рика|f}}
*: Latin: {{t+|sh|kùrika|f}}
* Slovak: {{t+|sk|bršlen|m}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|trdolẹ̑ska|f}}
* Turkish: {{t|tr|papaz külahı}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|брусли́на|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|upright spike for holding papers}}
* Dutch: {{t|nl|papierprikker|m}}, {{t+|nl|piek|m}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|piikki}}, {{t|fi|paperipiikki}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|fusee of a watch}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|long and slender stalk resembling a spindle}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|staak|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|yarn measure}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|(geometry) solid}}
* Dutch: {{t|nl|omwentelingslichaam|n}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|marine univalve shell of genus Tibia}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|marine gastropod of the genus Fusus}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|dragonfly}}

{{trans-top|computing: a plastic container for packaging optical discs}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|spindel|m}}
* Spanish: {{t|es|tarrina|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====See also====
{{col3|en
|{{l|en|fusiform|pos=adj}}
}}

===Verb===
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|transitive}} To make into a long [[tapered]] shape.
# {{lb|en|intransitive}} To take on a long [[tapered]] shape.
# {{lb|en|transitive}} To [[impale]] on a device for holding paper documents.
#: {{ux|en|Do not fold, '''spindle''' or mutilate this document.}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|make into a long tapered shape}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|spinnen}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|impale on a device for holding paper documents}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|opprikken}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Further reading===
* {{pedia|Spindle}}
* {{pedia|Spindle (textiles)}}
* {{R:Century 1911}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=deilnps|spindel|splined}}

{{C|en|Neogastropods|Spinning|Staff vine family plants|Dragonflies and damselflies}}

==Middle English==

===Noun===
{{head|enm|noun}}

# {{alt form|enm|spyndel}}