腎

See also: 肾

腎 U+814E, 腎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-814E ← 腍 [U+814D] CJK Unified Ideographs 腏 → [U+814F]

Translingual

Han character

腎 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+8 in Chinese, 肉+9 in Japanese, 12 strokes in Chinese, 13 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 尸水月 (SEB), four-corner 7722₇, composition ⿱臤月)

Descendants

• 肾

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 987, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29621
• Dae Jaweon: page 1439, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2086, character 4
• Unihan data for U+814E

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Chinese

trad.		腎
simp.		肾

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (臣) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
臤	*kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins
掔	*kʰriːn, *kʰiːn
慳	*kʰriːn
藖	*ɡriːn, *ɡriːns
堅	*kiːn
鋻	*kiːn, *kiːns
鰹	*kiːn
蜸	*kʰiːnʔ
菣	*kʰiːns, *kʰins
賢	*ɡiːn
礥	*ɡiːn, *ɢrin
臔	*ɡiːnʔ
挋	*kiŋs
臣	*ɡiŋ
茞	*ɡiŋ
腎	*ɡjinʔ
頣	*hŋiŋʔ
緊	*kinʔ
嚚	*ŋɡriŋ
鏗	*kʰreːŋ
摼	*kʰreːŋ
硻	*kʰreːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡjinʔ) : phonetic 臤 (OC *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins) + semantic ⺼ (“meat; flesh”) – a body part, the kidneys.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-k(j)un (“kidney”). Cognate with Burmese ကုန်း (kun:, “back”).

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 腎

1. (anatomy) kidney
2. (traditional Chinese medicine) testicle
3. (Cantonese) gizzard

   雞腎／鸡肾 [Cantonese]  ―  gai¹ san⁵ [Jyutping]  ―  chicken gizzard

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 腎 (“kidney”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		腎, 腎水, 水藏
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		腎, 腎臟
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	腰子, 腎
	Taiwan	腎, 腰子
	Harbin	腎
	Singapore	腎
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	腰子, 腎
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	腰子, 腎
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	腎
	Xi'an	腎
	Xining	腎
	Xuzhou	腰子, 腎
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	腰子
	Lanzhou	腰子
	Ürümqi	腰子, 腎
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	腎臟, 腎
	Wuhan	腰子
	Guiyang	腰子
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	腰子
	Yangzhou	腰子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	腎
	Hong Kong	腎
	Dongguan	腎
Gan	Lichuan	腰子
	Pingxiang	腰子
Hakka	Meixian	腎
	Yudu	腰子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	腰仔, 腎家
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	腰仔, 腎家
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	腰仔, 腎家
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	腰, 腎家
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	腰仔, 腎家
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	腰子
Huizhou	Jixi	腰子
Jin	Taiyuan	腰子, 腎
	Xinzhou	腰子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	腰仔
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	腰子, 腰心子, 腎
Southern Min	Xiamen	腰子
	Quanzhou	腰子
	Zhangzhou	腰子
	Taipei	腰子
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	腰子
	Kaohsiung	腰子
	Yilan	腰子
	Changhua (Lukang)	腰子
	Taichung	腰子
	Tainan	腰子
	Hsinchu	腰子
	Kinmen	腰子
	Penghu (Magong)	腰子
	Penang (Hokkien)	腰子
	Singapore (Hokkien)	腰子
	Manila (Hokkien)	腰子
	Jieyang	腎
	Bangkok (Teochew)	腎
	Haikou	腎
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	腎
Wu	Shanghai	腰子, 腎臟
	Shanghai (Chongming)	腰子
	Suzhou	腰子
	Danyang	腰子
	Hangzhou	腰子
	Ningbo	腎, 腰子
	Jinhua	腰子
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	腰
Xiang	Loudi	腰子
	Hengyang	腰子

Dialectal synonyms of 睪丸 (“testicle”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		外腎, 腎
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		睪丸, 精巢
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	卵子兒, 卵包子, 小蛋兒
	Taiwan	蛋蛋
	Harbin	卵子兒
	Singapore	球
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	球蛋
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	蛋子兒, 蛋
	Wanrong	子
	Xi'an	蛋子兒
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	卵子
	Lanzhou	脬子兒, 腎
	Ürümqi	脬卵子, 卵子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	卵, 卵蛋, 蛋蛋, 卵子, 敲敲兒
	Wuhan	卵子, 卵蛋, 卵坨
	Guiyang	卵蛋
	Liuzhou	卵考子, 考子
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	卵子
	Yangzhou	卵蛋, 卵子子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	春子
	Hong Kong	春, 春子, 春核, 波子, 蛋蛋, 睪丸
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	核
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	核春
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	核仁
	Kaiping (Chikan)	春牯
	Dongguan	春核
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	卵子
	Hepu (Shatian)	卵脬仁
	Guiping	核子
	Guiping (Mule)	𨳍卵
	Pingnan	核卵
	Guigang (Gangcheng)	核仔
	Guigang (Pingdong)	核仁
	Beihai	卵仁
	Beihai (Nankang)	卵仁
	Beihai (Yingpan)	卵仁
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	卵仁
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	卵核
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	卵核
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	春仔
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	卵
	Móng Cái	卵核
Gan	Lichuan	順子
	Pingxiang	卵坨子
Hakka	Meixian	核卵
	Xingning	核卵
	Dabu (Xihe)	核卵仁
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	核卵
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	核卵
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	核卵
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	核卵
	Wuhua (Changbu)	核卵
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	核卵
	Jiexi	核卵
	Changting	卵子
	Longyan (Yongding)	核卵
	Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding)	核卵仁
	Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding)	核卵
	Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding)	核卵
	Wuping (Zhongshan)	核卵
	Liancheng (Peitian)	卵子
	Liancheng (Juxi)	核卵
	Liancheng (Zhongbao)	核卵
	Liancheng (Laiyuan)	核卵
	Yudu	卵子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	核卵
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	核卵
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	核卵
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	核卵仁
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	核卵仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	核卵
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	核卵
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	核卵
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	核卵
	Hong Kong	核卵
	Sabah (Longchuan)	核卵
	Kuala Lumpur (Dabu)	核卵仁
	Senai (Huiyang)	核
	Singkawang	核卵
	Bangkok (Meixian)	核卵
	Bangkok (Fengshun)	核卵
Huizhou	Jixi	卵子
Jin	Pingyao	堆兒, 蛋
	Xinzhou	蛋籽子
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	𡳞核子, 𡳞核
	Fuzhou (Changle)	𡳞核子
	Fuqing	𡳞核子
	Yongtai	𡳞脬子
	Gutian	𡳞核子
	Fu'an	𡳞脬子
	Ningde	𡳞脬子
	Shouning	𡳞脬子
	Zhouning	尿脬子
	Fuding	卵脬子
Southern Min	Xiamen	𡳞核, 腎子
	Quanzhou	𡳞核, 腎子
	Jinjiang	𡳞核
	Yongchun	𡳞核, 𡳞核子
	Zhangzhou	𡳞核, 腎子
	Zhao'an	𡳞核
	Taipei	𡳞核
	Taipei (Wanhua)	𡳞脬核仔
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	𡳞核
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	𡳞核
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	𡳞核
	Kaohsiung	𡳞核, 𡳞核仔
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	𡳞核仔, 𡳞核
	Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)	𡳞核
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	𡳞核
	Kaohsiung (Tianliao)	𡳞核
	Yilan	𡳞核
	Yilan (Toucheng)	𡳞核仔
	Changhua (Lukang)	𡳞核, 𡳞核仔
	Taichung	𡳞核仔
	Taichung (Wuqi)	𡳞核
	Tainan	𡳞核, 𡳞核仔, 腎子
	Tainan (Anping)	𡳞核
	Taitung	𡳞核仔
	Hsinchu	𡳞核, 𡳞核仔
	Kinmen	𡳞核
	Penghu (Magong)	𡳞核
	Penghu (Xiyu)	𡳞核
	Penang (Hokkien)	𡳞核, 核, 𡳞脬子
	Singapore (Hokkien)	𡳞核, 腎子, 𡳞脬子
	Manila (Hokkien)	𡳞核
	Chaozhou	核
	Shantou	𡳞核
	Shantou (Chenghai)	𡳞核
	Nan'ao (Houzhai)	𡳞核
	Nan'ao (Yun'ao)	𡳞核
	Jieyang	𡳞核, 𡳞仁
	Haifeng	𡳞脬核
	Bangkok (Teochew)	𡳞核
	Leizhou	𡳞脬子, 𡳞脬核, 核子
	Wenchang	𡳞仁
	Haikou	𡳞脬仁
Puxian Min	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	𡳞核
Central Min	Sanming (Sanyuan)	石核
	Sanming (Shaxian)	尿脬核
Shaojiang Min	Mingxi	腎肚子
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	卵子
Wu	Shanghai	卵子
	Suzhou	卵子
	Danyang	卵脬黃, 卵子黃
	Hangzhou	卵子
	Ningbo	卵黃, 卵袋黃
	Wenzhou	卵子, 卵袋子, 陰袋子
	Jinhua	老核子
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	卵核
Xiang	Loudi	考子, 卵子
	Hengyang	睪子

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

/murato₁/ → /murato/.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [murato]

Noun

腎(むらと) • (murato) 

1. (obsolete) kidney
   • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki:

     心腎肝脯 心人情也 腎音神 訓牟良斗 肝音干 訓岐毛

Etymology 2

From earlier /murato/. Voicing suggests that it was originally a compound of mura and to.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [murado]

Noun

腎(むらど) • (murado) 

1. (obsolete) kidney
   • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 2, pages 35-36:

     腎 白虎通云 時忍反 上聲之重 无良度 [...] 水之精也 色黑 [...] 水藏也 [...]

Etymology 3

Kanji

腎

(Jōyō kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: じん (jin, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: しん (shin)
• Kun: かなめ (kaname)

Compounds

• 腎臓(じんぞう) (jinzō)

References

• Takeuchi, Rizō (1962) Nara Ibun: Volume 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, →ISBN.
• Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 腎 (MC dzyinX). Recorded as Middle Korean 신〮 (sín) (Yale: sin) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

腎 (eumhun 콩팥 신 (kongpat sin))

1. hanja form^? of 신 (“kidney”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 신장 (腎臟, sinjang)
• 부신 (副腎, busin)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 腎 (thận)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.