困苦

Chinese

		distress; sleepy; doze off	bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful
trad. (困苦)		困	苦
simp. #(困苦)		困	苦

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kùnkǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄎㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kwan³ fu²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khùn-khó͘

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kùnkǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄎㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kùnkǔ
    • Wade–Giles: kʻun⁴-kʻu³
    • Yale: kwùn-kǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuennkuu
    • Palladius: куньку (kunʹku)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ən⁵¹ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: kwan³ fu²
    • Yale: kwan fú
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kwan³ fu²
    • Guangdong Romanization: kuen³ fu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐn³³ fuː³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khùn-khó͘
    • Tâi-lô: khùn-khóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: quonqor
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰɔ⁴¹/

Adjective

困苦

1. harrowing; miserable

Synonyms

(deprecated template usage)

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• 厄 (literary, or in compounds)
• 困乏 (kùnfá) (formal)
• 困窘 (kùnjiǒng)
• 困窮／困穷 (kùnqióng)
• 困難／困难
• 困頓／困顿 (kùndùn)
• 宋凶 (Hokkien)
• 散 (Hokkien)
• 散凶 (Hokkien)
• 散赤 (Hokkien)
• 清苦 (qīngkǔ) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
• 淡薄 (dànbó) (literary)
• 清貧／清贫 (qīngpín) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
• 㾪赤 (Hokkien)
• 磽／硗 (Teochew)
• 䆀康 (Hokkien)
• 空乏 (kòngfá) (literary)
• 窄
• 窘促 (jiǒngcù) (literary)
• 窘困 (jiǒngkùn)
• 窘迫 (jiǒngpò)
• 窮／穷 (qióng)
• 窮乏／穷乏 (qióngfá) (literary)
• 窮困／穷困 (qióngkùn)
• 窮㾪／穷㾪 (Hokkien)
• 窮苦／穷苦 (qióngkǔ)
• 窮赤／穷赤 (Hokkien)
• 艱苦／艰苦 (Hokkien)
• 苦寒 (kǔhán)
• 貧乏／贫乏 (pínfá)
• 貧困／贫困 (pínkùn)
• 貧寒／贫寒 (pínhán)
• 貧瘠／贫瘠 (pínjí) (literary)
• 貧窮／贫穷 (pínqióng)
• 貧苦／贫苦 (pínkǔ)

 

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 困苦

1. hardship; suffering; ordeal

Synonyms

(deprecated template usage)

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• 患難／患难 (huànnàn)
• 憂患／忧患 (yōuhuàn)
• 磨難／磨难 (mónàn)
• 風浪／风浪 (fēnglàng) (figurative)
• 魔障 (mózhàng) (figurative)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (困苦):

• → Japanese: 困苦(こんく) (konku)
• → Korean: 곤고(困苦) (gon'go)
• → Vietnamese: khốn khổ (困苦)