σκάνδαλον
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *skend- (“to jump”), and compared with Latin scandō (“to ascend”), Sanskrit स्कन्दति (skandati, “to jump, hop, hurry”). The original sense, per Beekes, was probably "a piece of wood hanging on ropes, used by acrobats as well as trap-setters"; under the Indo-European theory, the term would thus be interpreted as "wood for jumping or climbing". Beekes is unconvinced by the semantics, as well as the unexplained -α- (-a-) in the Greek form, and prefers to take it as Pre-Greek, though admits the possibility of a loan from some other lost Indo-European language, perhaps from the root *skend- mentioned above.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /skán.da.lon/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈskan.da.lon/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈskan.da.lon/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈskan.da.lon/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈskan.da.lon/
Noun
[edit]σκᾰ́νδᾰλον • (skándalon) n (genitive σκᾰνδᾰ́λου); second declension
Inflection
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ σκᾰ́νδᾰλον tò skándalon |
τὼ σκᾰνδᾰ́λω tṑ skandálō |
τᾰ̀ σκᾰ́νδᾰλᾰ tà skándala | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ σκᾰνδᾰ́λου toû skandálou |
τοῖν σκᾰνδᾰ́λοιν toîn skandáloin |
τῶν σκᾰνδᾰ́λων tôn skandálōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ σκᾰνδᾰ́λῳ tôi skandálōi |
τοῖν σκᾰνδᾰ́λοιν toîn skandáloin |
τοῖς σκᾰνδᾰ́λοις toîs skandálois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ σκᾰ́νδᾰλον tò skándalon |
τὼ σκᾰνδᾰ́λω tṑ skandálō |
τᾰ̀ σκᾰ́νδᾰλᾰ tà skándala | ||||||||||
Vocative | σκᾰ́νδᾰλον skándalon |
σκᾰνδᾰ́λω skandálō |
σκᾰ́νδᾰλᾰ skándala | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
[edit]- σκᾰνδᾰ́ληθρον (skandálēthron)
- σκᾰνδᾰλῐ́ζω (skandalízō)
Descendants
[edit]- Greek: σκάνδαλο (skándalo)
- → Latin: scandalum
- Catalan: escàndol
- → French: scandale
- → Belarusian: сканда́л (skandál)
- → Bulgarian: сканда́л (skandál)
- → Czech: skandál
- → Danish: skandale
- → Dutch: schandaal
- → Indonesian: skandal
- → English: scandal
- → Esperanto: skandalo
- → Estonian: skandaal
- → Finnish: skandaali
- → German: Skandal
- → Persian: اسکاندال (eskândâl)
- → Polish: skandal
- → Russian: сканда́л (skandál)
- → Serbo-Croatian: skandal
- → Slovak: škandál
- → Swedish: skandal
- → Turkish: skandal
- → Ukrainian: сканда́л (skandál)
- → Galician: escándalo
- Italian: scandalo
- → Norman: escandale
- Old French: esclandre
- → Portuguese: escândalo
- Romanian: scandal
- Sicilian: scànnalu
- Spanish: escándalo
- Vulgar Latin: *scandulum[2]
- → Albanian: shkandull
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σκάνδαλον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1341-2
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “shkandull”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 417
Further reading
[edit]- “σκάνδαλον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- σκάνδαλον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- G4625 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- “σκάνδαλον”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms
- Ancient Greek neuter nouns
- Ancient Greek second-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the second declension
- grc:Trapping