τυφλός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Adjectival formation in -λός (-lós) from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“deep, hazy, foggy”). Cognates include Old Irish dub (“dark”), Old English deaf (English deaf), Albanian dudum.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ty.pʰlós/ → /tyˈɸlos/ → /tiˈflos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ty.pʰlós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /tyˈpʰlos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /tyˈɸlos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /tyˈflos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /tiˈflos/

Adjective

τῠφλός • (tuphlós) m (feminine τῠφλή, neuter τῠφλόν); first/second declension

1. blind
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.139
   • 7th–6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Apollo 172
   • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 454
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 720
   • 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 10.19
   • 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Cyclops 697
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Symposium 4.12
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 3.3.45
   • 519 BCE – 422 BCE, Cratinus, The Archilochuses 3
   1. of the limbs of the blind
      • 424 BCE, Euripides, Hecuba 1050
      • 408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 834
      • 408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 1699
      • 413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 744
      • 416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 199
   2. (figuratively) of the other senses and the mind
      • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 7.34
      • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 371
      • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 389
   3. (figuratively)
      • 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Fragments 773
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.2B
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 98A
      • Palatine Anthology 9.289
2. (of things) blind, dark, unseen, dim, obscure
   • 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 250
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 1104
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 685
   • Palatine Anthology 7.275
   • 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 506C
   • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Alexander the Great 18
   • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Alexander the Great 2.983D
   • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Alexander the Great 587C
   1. (of passages or apertures) blind, closed, with no outlet
      • 350 BCE, Aristotle, Parts of Animals 3.14
      • 350 BCE, Aristotle, Parts of Animals 3.20, (Compare 3.26)
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Sulla 20, (Compare Julius Caesar 58)
      • 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 1.8.4
      • 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, On the Causes of Plants 3.3.8
      • Palatine Anthology 7.400
      • Palatine Anthology 12.156
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Aemilius Paulus 19
3. (adverbial) blindly
   • 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 479H
   • Antipater quoted in
     300 CE – 500 CE, Stobaeus, Anthology 418
   • 64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 9.5.21

Inflection

First and second declension of τῠφλός; τῠφλή; τῠφλόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		τῠφλός tuphlós	τῠφλή tuphlḗ	τῠφλόν tuphlón		τῠφλώ tuphlṓ	τῠφλᾱ́ tuphlā́	τῠφλώ tuphlṓ		τῠφλοί tuphloí	τῠφλαί tuphlaí	τῠφλᾰ́ tuphlá
Genitive		τῠφλοῦ tuphloû	τῠφλῆς tuphlês	τῠφλοῦ tuphloû		τῠφλοῖν tuphloîn	τῠφλαῖν tuphlaîn	τῠφλοῖν tuphloîn		τῠφλῶν tuphlôn	τῠφλῶν tuphlôn	τῠφλῶν tuphlôn
Dative		τῠφλῷ tuphlôi	τῠφλῇ tuphlêi	τῠφλῷ tuphlôi		τῠφλοῖν tuphloîn	τῠφλαῖν tuphlaîn	τῠφλοῖν tuphloîn		τῠφλοῖς tuphloîs	τῠφλαῖς tuphlaîs	τῠφλοῖς tuphloîs
Accusative		τῠφλόν tuphlón	τῠφλήν tuphlḗn	τῠφλόν tuphlón		τῠφλώ tuphlṓ	τῠφλᾱ́ tuphlā́	τῠφλώ tuphlṓ		τῠφλούς tuphloús	τῠφλᾱ́ς tuphlā́s	τῠφλᾰ́ tuphlá
Vocative		τῠφλέ tuphlé	τῠφλή tuphlḗ	τῠφλόν tuphlón		τῠφλώ tuphlṓ	τῠφλᾱ́ tuphlā́	τῠφλώ tuphlṓ		τῠφλοί tuphloí	τῠφλαί tuphlaí	τῠφλᾰ́ tuphlá
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		τῠφλῶς tuphlôs				τῠφλότερος tuphlóteros				τῠφλότᾰτος tuphlótatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• τυφλός (tyflós)
• τύφλα (týfla)
• τύφλωση (týflosi)
• τυφλότητα (tyflótita)
• τυφλός (tyflós)
• τυφλοπόντικας (tyflopóntikas)
• nyctotyphlosis (obsolete, rare)
• typhl-
• typhlitis
• typhlocolitis
• typhlograph
• Typhlocoela
• Typhlonectes
• Typhlopidae
• Typhlopoidea
• Typhlops

Descendants

• Greek: τυφλός (tyflós)

Further reading

• “τυφλός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “τυφλός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “τυφλός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• τυφλός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• τυφλός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “τυφλός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G5185 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • blind idem, page 83.
  • sightless idem, page 774.
  • undiscerning idem, page 914.

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek τῠφλός (tuphlós).

Adjective

τυφλός • (tyflós) m (feminine τυφλή, neuter τυφλό)

1. blind

Declension

Declension of τυφλός

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	τυφλός (tyflós)	τυφλή (tyflí)	τυφλό (tyfló)		τυφλοί (tyfloí)	τυφλές (tyflés)	τυφλά (tyflá)
genitive	τυφλού (tyfloú)	τυφλής (tyflís)	τυφλού (tyfloú)		τυφλών (tyflón)	τυφλών (tyflón)	τυφλών (tyflón)
accusative	τυφλό (tyfló)	τυφλή (tyflí)	τυφλό (tyfló)		τυφλούς (tyfloús)	τυφλές (tyflés)	τυφλά (tyflá)
vocative	τυφλέ (tyflé)	τυφλή (tyflí)	τυφλό (tyfló)		τυφλοί (tyfloí)	τυφλές (tyflés)	τυφλά (tyflá)

Derivations:
Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο τυφλός, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο τυφλός, etc.)

Degrees of comparison by suffixation

comparative	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	τυφλότερος (tyflóteros)	τυφλότερη (tyflóteri)	τυφλότερο (tyflótero)	τυφλότεροι (tyflóteroi)	τυφλότερες (tyflóteres)	τυφλότερα (tyflótera)
genitive	τυφλότερου (tyflóterou)	τυφλότερης (tyflóteris)	τυφλότερου (tyflóterou)	τυφλότερων (tyflóteron)	τυφλότερων (tyflóteron)	τυφλότερων (tyflóteron)
accusative	τυφλότερο (tyflótero)	τυφλότερη (tyflóteri)	τυφλότερο (tyflótero)	τυφλότερους (tyflóterous)	τυφλότερες (tyflóteres)	τυφλότερα (tyflótera)
vocative	τυφλότερε (tyflótere)	τυφλότερη (tyflóteri)	τυφλότερο (tyflótero)	τυφλότεροι (tyflóteroi)	τυφλότερες (tyflóteres)	τυφλότερα (tyflótera)
derivations	relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο τυφλότερος", etc)

Related terms

• see: τύφλα f (týfla, “blindness”)

Related terms

• στα τυφλά (sta tyflá, “blindly, blindsided, flying blind, sight unseen”, adverb)