մաղթ
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Middle Armenian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- մախթ (maxtʻ)
Etymology
[edit]Usually considered a borrowing from Ancient Greek μάλθα (máltha, “mixture of wax and pitch used for caulking ships and on writing tablets”),[1][2][3] even though the meanings do not match precisely. The Armenian is not a scholarly borrowing, but is alive in the Hamshen dialect as մախտ (maxt, “a certain tree resin”). Because of this and because the Greek is itself a loanword and has parallels in Eastern languages – Hebrew מֶלֶט (meleṭ), Classical Syriac ܡܠܴܛܳܐ (mlāṭā), Arabic مِلَاط (milāṭ, “mortar”) – we may be dealing with independent borrowings from an unidentified third source.
Noun
[edit]մաղթ • (maġtʻ)
- the designation of various natural gums and resins, in particular the resin of Ferula galbaniflua (syn. gummosa, galbanum), Ferula assa-foetida (asafoetida), and the մարխ (marx) tree
- Hypernym: խէժ (xēž)
- Coordinate terms: անգուժատ (angužat), քաղբան (kʻaġban), խայծղան (xaycġan), բարգժատ (bargžat), չարհոտ (čʻarhot), ղասնի (ġasni), խասնի (xasni), հլթիս (hltʻis), կռէզ (kṙēz), լացուր (lacʻur), դեղ վիրի (deġ viri), կատրան (katran), ուպան (upan)
- 17th century, Eremia Mełrecʻi, Baṙgirkʻ hayocʻ [Armenian Dictionary] Խ.50:[4]
- Խայտխան եւ ռետին· դեղ վիրի, կամ կատրան, կամ մաղթ։
- Xaytxan ew ṙetin· deġ viri, kam katran, kam maġtʻ.
- Խայտխան եւ ռետին· դեղ վիրի, կամ կատրան, կամ մաղթ։
- 1478 – 1492, Amirdovlatʻ Amasiacʻi, Angitacʻ anpēt [Useless for Ignoramuses] :[5]
- Մախթ· որ է խասնի․ հլթիս․ յիշած է։
- Maxtʻ· or ē xasni; hltʻis; yišac ē.
- Maxtʻ = Is the xasni; [and also] the hltʻis [= Arabic حِلْتِيث (ḥiltīṯ)]. It is recorded.
- Մախթ· որ է խասնի․ հլթիս․ յիշած է։
- 1614 – 1622, Asar Sebastacʻi, Girkʻ bžškakan arhesti [Book of Medical Art] :[6]
- Մաղթ, որ է չարհոտն։
- Maġtʻ, or ē čʻarhotn.
- Մաղթ, որ է չարհոտն։
Descendants
[edit]- Armenian: մախտ (maxt)
References
[edit]- ^ Norayr N. Biwzandacʻi (1882–1884) “malthe”, in Baṙagirkʻ i gałłierēn lezuē i hayerēn, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian Press, page 775b
- ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “մաղթ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 239ab
- ^ Vardanjan, Stella (1990) Амирдовлат Амасиаци, Ненужное для неучей (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, pages 276, 687
- ^ Amalyan, H. M., editor (1975), Baṙgirkʻ hayocʻ[1] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 139
- ^ Basmaǰean, K. Y., editor (1926), Amirtovlatʻi Amasiacʻwoy angitacʻ anpēt[2], Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, § 1992, page 341
- ^ Asar Sebastacʻi (1993) Girkʻ bžškakan arhesti (XVI—XVII dd.)[3], preparation of the text, preface and dictionary by D. M. Karapetyan, Yerevan: Academy Press, page 252
Further reading
[edit]- Ališan, Ġewond (1895) “մաղթ”, in Haybusak kam haykakan busabaṙutʻiwn (in Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, § 1945, pages 412–413
- Asar Sebastacʻi (1993) Girkʻ bžškakan arhesti (XVI—XVII dd.)[4], preparation of the text, preface and dictionary by D. M. Karapetyan, Yerevan: Academy Press, page 363
- Bedevian, Armenag K. (1936) “F. galbaniflua”, in Illustrated Polyglottic Dictionary of Plant Names[5], Cairo: Argus & Papazian Presses, § 1610a, page 275
- Ġazaryan, Ṙuben, Avetisyan, Henrik (2009) “մաղթ”, in Miǰin hayereni baṙaran (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 488a
- Norayr N. Biwzandacʻi (1880) Haykakan baṙakʻnnutʻiwn (in Armenian), Constantinople: P. Kʻiriščean, pages 25–26
- Norayr N. Biwzandacʻi (2000) “մաղթ”, in Martiros Minassian, editor, Baṙagirkʻ storin hayerēni i matenagrutʻeancʻ ŽA–ŽĒ darucʻ[6], edited from the author's unfinished manuscript written 1884–1915, Geneva: Martiros Minassian, pages 482–483
- Scheftelowitz, J. (1905) “Zur altarmenischen lautgeschichte”, in Beiträge zur kunde der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), volume 29, page 29
Old Armenian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *meldʰ- (“to ask, pray, speak”). Cognate with Lithuanian maldýti (“to implore”), Proto-Slavic *modlìti (“to ask, pray”), Hittite 𒈠𒀀𒀠𒁲 (māldi, “to recite, make a vow”), Proto-West Germanic *melþōn (“to specify; to inform; to accuse”). Martirosyan explains the derivation as Proto-Armenian *maɫ(d)tʰi-, from Proto-Indo-European *ml̥dʰ-ti-, a *-ti-deverbative with a regular zero-grade of *meldʰ-.
Noun
[edit]մաղթ • (małtʻ)
Declension
[edit]i-type
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | մաղթ (małtʻ) | մաղթք (małtʻkʻ) | |
| genitive | մաղթի (małtʻi) | մաղթից (małtʻicʻ) | |
| dative | մաղթի (małtʻi) | մաղթից (małtʻicʻ) | |
| accusative | մաղթ (małtʻ) | մաղթս (małtʻs) | |
| ablative | մաղթէ (małtʻē) | մաղթից (małtʻicʻ) | |
| instrumental | մաղթիւ (małtʻiw) | մաղթիւք (małtʻiwkʻ) | |
| locative | մաղթի (małtʻi) | մաղթս (małtʻs) |
Derived terms
[edit]- մաղթական (małtʻakan)
- մաղթակից (małtʻakicʻ)
- մաղթանք (małtʻankʻ)
- մաղթեմ (małtʻem)
- մաղթողական (małtʻołakan)
- մաղթութիւն (małtʻutʻiwn)
Further reading
[edit]- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “մաղթ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
- Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “մաղթ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 445
- Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “մաղթ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
Categories:
- Middle Armenian terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Middle Armenian terms with unknown etymologies
- Middle Armenian lemmas
- Middle Armenian nouns
- Middle Armenian terms with quotations
- axm:Gums and resins
- Old Armenian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Armenian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Armenian terms inherited from Proto-Armenian
- Old Armenian terms derived from Proto-Armenian
- Old Armenian lemmas
- Old Armenian nouns