地

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地 U+5730, 地
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5730
← 圯
[U+572F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 圱 →
[U+5731]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character

[edit]

地 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 土心木 (GPD), four-corner 44112, composition ⿰土也)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 224, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4890
  • Dae Jaweon: page 456, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 420, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+5730

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 地
simp. # 地
alternative forms
坔
埅
埊
𡍑
𨹛
坔
埅
埊
𡍑
𨹛
𨻐
墬
𡏇
𠏂
𡑸
𡒿
𡒴
𡒰
𡓬
嶳
𪒉
𤅴
 

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 地
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Shizhoupian script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (也) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
他 *l̥ʰaːl
拖 *l̥ʰaːl, *l̥ʰaːls
駞 *l'aːl
池 *l'aːl, *l'al
灺 *ljalʔ
鍦 *ɦljaːl, *hljal, *hljals
虵 *ɦljal, *laːlʔ, *lal
也 *laːlʔ
忚 *hleːl
髢 *l'eːls
杝 *l̥ʰalʔ, *l'alʔ, *lal
肔 *l̥ʰalʔ, *lalʔ
馳 *l'al
阤 *l'alʔ, *hljalʔ
施 *hljal, *hljals
絁 *hljal
葹 *hljal
弛 *hljalʔ
箷 *lal
衪 *lel, *lalʔ
暆 *lel
迆 *lal, *lalʔ
酏 *lal, *lalʔ
匜 *lal, *lalʔ
迤 *lalʔ
扡 *lalʔ
崺 *lalʔ
貤 *lals, *ɦljels, *lels
地 *l'els

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'els) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 也 (OC *laːlʔ).

Etymology 1

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Compare Tibetan གཞི (gzhi, “ground”), Burmese မ္လိယ် (ma.liy) (whence Burmese မြေ (mre, “earth; ground”)) (Hill, 2019).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. Schuessler 2007

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note: deng6 - usually written as 埞.
Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou:
    • tōe - vernacular;
    • tē - literary.
  • Zhangzhou, Taiwan:
    • tē/tōe/tǒe/tēre - literary.
  • Other readings:
    • tī - vernacular (may be considered literary, only used in 土地公).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 地
Mandarin Beijing /ti⁵¹/
Harbin /ti⁵³/
Tianjin /ti⁵³/
Jinan /ti²¹/
Qingdao /ti⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ti³¹²/
Xi'an /ti⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡sz̩²¹³/
Yinchuan /ti¹³/
Lanzhou /ti¹³/
Ürümqi /ti²¹³/
Wuhan /ti³⁵/
Chengdu /ti¹³/
Guiyang /ti²¹³/
Kunming /ti²¹²/
Nanjing /ti⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡sz̩⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /ti⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ti³⁵/
Hohhot /ti⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /di²³/
Suzhou /di³¹/
Hangzhou /di¹³/
Wenzhou /dei²²/
Hui Shexian /tʰi²²/
Tunxi /tʰi¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ti⁵⁵/
/ti¹¹/
Xiangtan /di²¹/
Gan Nanchang /tʰi²¹/
Hakka Meixian /tʰi⁵³/
Taoyuan /tʰi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tei²²/
Nanning /ti²²/
Hong Kong /tei²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ti²²/
/te²²/ ～理
/tue²²/ 土～
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tɛi²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ti⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /ti³¹/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdi³⁵/
/ʔdi³³/
/ʔdi²³/
Rime
Character 地
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 脂 (15)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 徒四切
Baxter dijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/diɪH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/diH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/djɪH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/diH/
Li
Rong 		/diH/
Wang
Li 		/diH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/dʱiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dei6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 地
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dijH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[l]ˁej-s/
English earth, ground

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 地
Reading # 1/1
No. 14808
Phonetic
component 		也
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		地
Old
Chinese 		/*l'els/

Definitions

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地

  1. earth
    天地  ―  tiāndì  ―  heaven and earth
  2. ground; floor
    水泥地  ―  shuǐní dì  ―  concrete floor
    這匹馬倒在地上。 [MSC, trad.]
    这匹马倒在地上。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè pǐ mǎ dǎo zài dìshang. [Pinyin]
    The horse collapsed to the ground.
    銀包跌咗落地。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    银包跌咗落地。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngan4 baau1 dit3 zo2 lok6 dei6. [Jyutping]
    The wallet fell on the ground.
    趴喺地 [Cantonese]  ―  paa1 hai2 dei6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to lie on the floor on one's stomach
  3. land; field (Classifier: 塊／块 m c; 笪 c; 幅 c)
    低地  ―  dīdì  ―  lowland
    呢塊地／呢块地 [Cantonese]  ―  nei1 faai3 dei6 [Jyutping]  ―  this plot of land
  4. distance; separation
    車站離這三里地。 [MSC, trad.]
    车站离这三里地。 [MSC, simp.]
    Chēzhàn lí zhè sān lǐ dì. [Pinyin]
    The bus stop is three miles away.
  5. farmland; field (Classifier: 塊／块 m c; 笪 c)
    田間地頭／田间地头  ―  tiánjiān dìtóu  ―  farmland
    下地幹活／下地干活  ―  xiàdì gànhuó  ―  to farm
  6. (only in compounds) area; region
    本地  ―  běndì  ―  local
    殖民地  ―  zhímíndì  ―  colony
  7. place; locality
    地處／地处  ―  dìchǔ  ―  located in
    目的地  ―  mùdedì  ―  destination
    分居兩地／分居两地  ―  fēnjū liǎng dì  ―  to live apart in two different places
  8. status; situation; position
    不敗之地／不败之地  ―  bùbàizhīdì  ―  invincible position
    設身處地／设身处地  ―  shèshēnchǔdì  ―  put oneself in somebody else’s position
  9. (only in compounds) state of mind
    心地  ―  xīndì  ―  mind
    見地／见地  ―  jiàndì  ―  perspective, opinion
  10. place; room; space
    家裡沒地兒了。／家里没地儿了。  ―  Jiā lǐ méi dìr le.  ―  There is no room in my home (for that).
  11. background (behind a text or figure)
    白地黑字  ―  báidìhēizì  ―  black characters on a white background
  12. (electronics) GND
    浮地  ―  fúdì  ―  floating ground
  13. (only in compounds) Short for 地球 (Dìqiú, “Earth”).
    地日距離／地日距离  ―  dì rì jùlí  ―  Earth–Sun distance
    類地行星／类地行星  ―  lèi dì xíngxīng  ―  terrestrial planet
  14. (chiefly Hakka) grave; tomb
    蛤地站  ―  Gédì zhàn  ―  Gedi station (蛤地 means "frog-shaped tomb")
  15. (Mainland China) Short for 地區／地区 (dìqū, “prefecture”).
    地級市／地级市  ―  dìjíshì  ―  prefecture-level city
Synonyms
[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 地板 (“floor”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 地板, 地面
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 地板, 地面兒
Taiwan 地板
Chifeng 地板
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 地板
Harbin 地板
Shenyang 地板
Singapore 地
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 地板
Tangshan 地板
Cangzhou 地板
Baoding 地板
Shijiazhuang 地板
Jinan 地板
Jiaoliao Mandarin Qingdao 地板
Central Plains Mandarin Zhengzhou 地板
Xi'an 地板, 腳地
Xining 地板
Xuzhou 地板
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 地板
Lanzhou 地板
Ürümqi 地板
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 地板
Chongqing 地板, 樓板
Wuhan 地板
Guiyang 地板
Kunming 地板
Guilin 地板
Liuzhou 地板
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 地板
Yangzhou 地板
Nantong 地板
Hefei 地板
Cantonese Guangzhou 地下, 地
Hong Kong 地下, 地
Singapore (Guangfu) 地
Hakka Meixian 地泥
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 地泥
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 地泥
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 地泥
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 地泥
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 地泥
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 泥下
Huizhou Shexian 地板
Jin Taiyuan 地板
Xinzhou 地板, 地
Linhe 地板
Jining 地板
Hohhot 地板
Zhangjiakou 地板
Handan 地板
Southern Min Xiamen 塗跤
Quanzhou 塗跤
Jinjiang 塗跤
Zhangzhou 塗跤
Tainan 塗跤
Penang (Hokkien) 塗跤
Singapore (Hokkien) 塗跤
Manila (Hokkien) 塗跤
Medan (Hokkien) 塗跤
Chaozhou 塗下
Jieyang 塗下, 塗跤下
Haifeng 塗跤
Singapore (Teochew) 塗下
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 地下
Dialectal synonyms of 墳 (“grave”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 墳墓, 墳
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 墳
Harbin 墳
Singapore 墓, 墳墓
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 墳
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 墳
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 墳, 墳地, 塋地, 墳墓
Wanrong 墳, 墓
Xi'an 墳, 墓
Xuzhou 墳墓, 墳
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 墳塋
Ürümqi 墳
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 墳, 墳墓
Chongqing 墳, 墳墓
Wuhan 墳
Guiyang 墳, 墳墓 large
Guilin 墳
Liuzhou 墳, 山
Dagudi (Maliba) 墳堆
Reshuitang (Longling) 墳堆
Mae Salong (Lancang) 墳堆
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 墳
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 墳
Yangzhou 墳, 墳攤, 墳攤堆子
Hefei 墳堰
Mandarin Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle) 墳
Cantonese Guangzhou 山墳, 山, 墳
Hong Kong 山墳, 墳, 墓, 墳墓
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 墳頭
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 墳頭
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 墳頭
Macau 墳墓
Taishan (Guanghai) 墳墓
Dongguan 墓
Yangjiang 山, 墳山
Maoming (Xinpo) 墳山
Nanning 墳山
Wuzhou 墳山
Yulin 墳山
Hepu (Lianzhou) 墳山, 山
Hepu (Shatian) 山
Beihai 墳, 山
Beihai (Nankang) 墳
Beihai (Yingpan) 山, 墳山
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 墳墓, 墳頭, 墳山
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 墳墓, 墳山
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 墳墓
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 山墳, 義山
Singapore (Guangfu) 墳墓
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 山墳
Móng Cái 墳墓
Mandalay (Taishan) 墳山, 墳墓
Gan Nanchang 墳
Lichuan 墳, 墳塋 large
Jianning 地
Taining 地
Hakka Meixian 地, 墓
Xingning 泥壠 first burial, 地 second burial
Huidong (Daling) 地
Dongguan (Qingxi) 墳頭
Wuhua (Huacheng) 地, 地墳
Heyuan (Bendihua) 地
Wengyuan 地墳
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 地
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 地 second burial
Liannan 墳
Jiexi 地
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 地
Pinghe (Jiufeng) 地
Changting 地
Shanghang 地
Longyan (Yongding) 地
Wuping 地
Wuping (Yanqian) 地, 死佬
Wuping (Pingyu) 地
Liancheng 地
Ninghua 地
Qingliu 地
Yudu 地
Ruijin 地, 風水
Shicheng 地
Shangyou (Shexi) 地
Tonggu (Sandu) 墳, 地
Ganzhou (Panlong) 地
Dayu 地
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 風水
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 風水
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 風水
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 風水
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 風水
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 地, 風水
Hong Kong 墳頭
Yangxi (Tangkou) 山
Yangchun (Sanjia) 山, 山頭
Xinyi (Sihe) 山地
Xinyi (Qianpai) 墳山
Gaozhou (Xindong) 墳地
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 墳山
Huazhou (Xin'an) 墳地
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 墳, 墳地
Lianjiang (Qingping) 墳, 地 without a body buried
Mengshan (Xihe) 墳地
Luchuan 山
Senai (Huiyang) 墳, 風水, 義山
Senai (Hepo) 墳墓, 地 dated
Singkawang 地, 地門堂
Pontianak (Meixian) 地
Jin Taiyuan 墳, 墓
Northern Min Jian'ou 塚
Jian'ou (Dikou) 塚
Songxi 塚
Zhenghe 塚
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 塚
Jianyang 塚
Wuyishan 塚
Pucheng (Shibei) 塚
Eastern Min Fuzhou 墓
Fuzhou (Changle) 墓
Lianjiang 墓
Fuqing 墓
Pingtan 墓
Yongtai 墓
Minqing 墓
Gutian 地, 墓
Pingnan 墓
Luoyuan 墓
Fu'an 墓
Ningde 墓
Xiapu 墓
Zherong 墓
Shouning 墓
Zhouning 墓
Fuding 墓
Southern Min Xiamen 墓, 墓仔, 風水
Xiamen (Tong'an) 墓
Quanzhou 墓, 風水
Jinjiang 墓
Nan'an 墓
Shishi 墓
Hui'an 墓
Anxi 墓
Yongchun 墓
Dehua 墓
Zhangzhou 墓, 墓仔, 風水
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 墓
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 墓
Hua'an 墓
Nanjing 墓
Pinghe 墓仔
Zhangpu 墓
Yunxiao 墓
Zhao'an 墓
Dongshan 墓
Tainan 墓, 風水
Kinmen 墓
Penang (Hokkien) 墓
Singapore (Hokkien) 墓, 墓地, 公司山 dated
Manila (Hokkien) 墓, 風水
Longyan 墓
Zhangping 墓
Datian 墓
Chaozhou 墳, 風水
Lufeng 風水
Haifeng 風水
Bangkok (Teochew) 墳, 義山
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 墳
Hat Yai (Teochew) 墳
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 墳, 義山
Singapore (Teochew) 墳
Leizhou 墓
Haikou 墓
Puxian Min Putian 墓
Xianyou 墓
Central Min Yong'an 墳
Sanming (Sanyuan) 墳
Sanming (Shaxian) 墳
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 墓
Guangze 墓
Jiangle 地
Mingxi 地
Shunchang 塚, 墳
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 墳墓, 山
Shehua Fu'an 墓
Fuding 墓
Luoyuan 墳
Sanming 墳
Shunchang 墳
Hua'an 墳
Guixi (Zhangping) 墳
Cangnan 墳
Jingning (Hexi) 墳
Lishui 墳
Longyou 墳
Chaozhou 墳
Fengshun 墳
Wu Shanghai 墳, 墳墓, 墓
Shanghai (Chongming) 墳
Suzhou 墳
Danyang 墳墓
Hangzhou 墳
Ningbo 墳, 墓
Wenzhou 墳
Yiwu 墳頭
Pucheng 墳
Xiang Changsha 墳
Loudi 墳, 墓
Shuangfeng 墳, 墓
Xiangnan Tuhua Jiangyong 祖

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic (地):
  • → Japanese: 地(じ) (ji); 地(ち) (chi)
  • → Korean: 지(地) (ji)
  • → Vietnamese: địa (地)

Others:

Etymology 2

[edit]

Possibly the same word as 的, the possessive marker (Wang, 1958), but scholars like Lü (1943) and Yuan et al. (1996) are hesitant about this etymology.

Alternatively, Ōta (2003) proposes that it is a grammaticalization of etymology 1. The construction ADJ + 地 would have semantically developed as follows: "a ADJ place" → "in a ADJ place" → "in a ADJ manner".

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note: di is used in poetry, songs.
Note:
  • dei6 - literary;
  • dei6-2 - vernacular, only used after reduplicated words.

Definitions

[edit]

地

  1. (chiefly Mandarin) Particle indicating the preceding word is used as an adverb.
    alt. forms: 的, 底 obsolete
    很快地  ―  hěn kuài de  ―  very quickly
    一個一歲模樣的孩子向我們蹣跚地走來。 [MSC, trad.]
    一个一岁模样的孩子向我们蹒跚地走来。 [MSC, simp.]
    Yīge yī suì móyàng de háizi xiàng wǒmen pánshān de zǒulái. [Pinyin]
    A roughly one-year-old child came staggering towards us.
    佢偷偷地走咗喇。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    keoi5 tau1 tau1 dei6-2 zau2 zo2 laa3. [Jyutping]
    He secretly left.
    你靜靜地坐喺度喇吓。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    你静静地坐喺度喇吓。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 zing6 zing6-2 dei6-2 co5 hai2 dou6 laa3 haa2. [Jyutping]
    Sit here quietly, OK?
Synonyms
[edit]
Usage notes
[edit]
  • The use of this particle is always optional after polysyllabic adverbs.
    非常短  ―  fēicháng duǎn  ―  very short
    非常地短  ―  fēicháng de duǎn  ―  very short
  • On the contrary, monosyllabic adverbs are compulsorily used with or without 地.
    很漂亮  ―  hěn piàoliang  ―  very beautiful (where *很地漂亮 is unacceptable)
    倏地不見／倏地不见  ―  shū de bùjiàn  ―  to disappear suddenly (where *倏不見 is unacceptable in Modern Standard Chinese)
  • However, there is an exception:
    猛回頭／猛回头  ―  měng huítóu  ―  to turn the head back suddenly
    猛地回頭／猛地回头  ―  měng de huítóu  ―  to turn the head back suddenly

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to etymology 2?”)

trad. 地
simp. # 地
alternative forms 哋

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

地

  1. (Cantonese) Placed after a reduplicated adjective or stative verb to lessen its intensity.
    紅紅地／红红地 [Cantonese]  ―  hung4 hung4-2 dei6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  kind of red
    薄薄地 [Cantonese]  ―  bok6 bok6-2 dei6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  kind of thin
    驚驚地／惊惊地 [Cantonese]  ―  geng1 geng1 dei6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to be kind of scared
    矮矮地 [Cantonese]  ―  ai2 ai2 dei6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  kind of short
Usage notes
[edit]
  • This suffix is accompanied by a tone change in the reduplicated word, where the second occurrence is changed to the second tone (unless its original tone is the first or second tone), as seen in the examples above.

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 4

[edit]
trad. 地
simp. # 地

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

地

  1. (Hokkien, Teochew) Alternative form of 塊／块 (“place”)
  2. (Taiwanese Hokkien) Alternative form of 塊／块 (“home”)

Etymology 5

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For pronunciation and definitions of 地 – see 哋 (“Cantonese plurality marker”).
(This character is a variant form of 哋).

Japanese

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Kanji

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地

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. earth; ground

Readings

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  • Go-on: じ (ji, Jōyō)←ぢ (di, historical)
  • Kan-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
  • Kun: つち (tsuchi, 地)
  • Nanori: どま (doma)

Compounds

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Derived terms

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
地
じ
Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 地 (dijH). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing. Compare modern Mandarin dì.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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地(じ) • (ji) ←ぢ (di)?

  1. earth, dirt
  2. fabric, cloth
    • 1906, Natsume Sōseki, Botchan‎[1]:
      いくらか薄(うす)い地(じ)には相(そう)違(い)なくっても暑(あつ)いには極(きま)ってる。
      Ikura ka usui ji ni wa sōi nakutte mo atsui ni wa kimatteru.
      However thin the cloth, flannel is flannel and must have been pretty warm at that time of the year.
  3. (go) territory

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
地
ち
Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 地 (dijH). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. The devoicing of the initial consonant might indicate a dialectal source. Compare modern Hakka thi, Min Nan tī.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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地(ち) • (chi) 

  1. earth, land, ground
  2. a place, a region, a piece of land
  3. territory, dominion
  4. (of a crate, etc.) the bottom
  5. (printing, of a page) the bottom margin
    Antonym: 天
    Hypernym: マージン

Suffix

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地(ち) • (-chi) 

  1. place, area

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
地
つち
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 地 – see the following entry.
【土つち】1
[noun] earth, soil, mud
[noun] the ground
(This term, 地, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 地 (MC dijH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 띵〮 (Yale: ttí)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] ᄯᅡ〮 (Yale: stá) 디〮 (Yale: tí)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

地 (eumhun 땅 지 (ttang ji))

  1. hanja form? of 지 (“earth; land; ground”) [affix]

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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地: Hán Việt readings: địa[1][2][3]
地: Nôm readings: địa[1][2][3][4], đĩa[1][2], gịa[1], đất[2], rịa[3]

  1. chữ Hán form of địa (“earth; ground; land”).

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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