悄然

Chinese

		quiet; sad	so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right
trad. (悄然)		悄	然
simp. #(悄然)		悄	然

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiǎorán

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄠˇ ㄖㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ciu² jin⁴
• Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): ciao² riang⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiǎorán
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄠˇ ㄖㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciǎorán
    • Wade–Giles: chʻiao³-jan²
    • Yale: chyǎu-rán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheauran
    • Palladius: цяожань (cjaožanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ciu² jin⁴
    • Yale: chíu yìhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsiu² jin⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: qiu² yin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːu̯³⁵ jiːn²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ciao² riang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiáu jiâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiau⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/

Adverb

悄然

1. (literary) sorrowfully; sadly
2. (literary) quietly; softly

Adjective

悄然

1. (literary) distressed; laden with grief; sad

Synonyms

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• 京京 (jīngjīng) (literary)
• 傷心／伤心 (shāngxīn)
• 傷悲／伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
• 傷感／伤感 (shānggǎn)
• 傷懷／伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
• 傷痛／伤痛 (shāngtòng)
• 傷神／伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
• 刺心 (cìxīn)
• 哀傷／哀伤 (āishāng)
• 哀切 (āiqiè)
• 哀怨 (āiyuàn)
• 哀悽／哀凄 (āiqī)
• 哀慟／哀恸 (āitòng)
• 哀戚 (āiqī) (literary)
• 哀痛 (āitòng)
• 哀苦 (āikǔ)
• 心酸 (xīnsuān)
• 怛傷／怛伤 (dáshāng) (literary)
• 情傷／情伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
• 悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
• 悲傷／悲伤 (bēishāng)
• 悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
• 悲哀 (bēi'āi)
• 悲悽／悲凄 (bēiqī)
• 悽惶／凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
• 悱惻／悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)
• 悽愴／凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
• 悲愴／悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
• 悲慟／悲恸 (bēitòng)
• 悲慘／悲惨 (bēicǎn)
• 悽戚／凄戚 (qīqī) (literary)
• 悲戚 (bēiqī)
• 悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
• 悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
• 悲涼／悲凉 (bēiliáng)
• 悲痛 (bēitòng)
• 悲苦 (bēikǔ)
• 感傷／感伤 (gǎnshāng)
• 愀愴／愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
• 愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
• 惻然／恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
• 愴然／怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
• 慘／惨 (cǎn)
• 憂傷／忧伤 (yōushāng)
• 慘悽／惨凄 (cǎnqī)
• 憂愁／忧愁 (yōuchóu)
• 憂戚／忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
• 慘淡／惨淡 (cǎndàn)
• 憯懍／憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
• 懤懤／㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
• 沉痛 (chéntòng)
• 淒切／凄切 (qīqiè)
• 淒惻／凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
• 淒慘／凄惨 (qīcǎn)
• 淒楚／凄楚 (qīchǔ)
• 淒涼／凄凉 (qīliáng)
• 淒然／凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
• 痛心 (tòngxīn)
• 艱苦心／艰苦心 (Hokkien)
• 蒼涼／苍凉 (cāngliáng)
• 酸心 (suānxīn)
• 難受／难受 (nánshòu)
• 難過／难过 (nánguò)
• 青凊 (Hokkien)
• 黯然 (ànrán)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
悄	然
しょう Hyōgai	ぜん Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しょーぜん [shòózéń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɕo̞ːzẽ̞ɴ]

Adjective

悄(しょう)然(ぜん) • (shōzen) ^{←せうぜん (seuzen)?†}-tari (adnominal 悄(しょう)然(ぜん)とした (shōzen to shita) or 悄(しょう)然(ぜん)たる (shōzen taru), adverbial 悄(しょう)然(ぜん)と (shōzen to) or 悄(しょう)然(ぜん)として (shōzen to shite))

1. dejected
2. quiet

Inflection

Classical conjugation of "悄然たり" (タリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	悄然たら	せうぜんたら	seuzentara
Continuative (連用形)	悄然と[1] 悄然たり[2]	せうぜんと せうぜんたり	seuzento seuzentari
Terminal (終止形)	悄然たり	せうぜんたり	seuzentari
Attributive (連体形)	悄然たる	せうぜんたる	seuzentaru
Realis (已然形)	悄然たれ	せうぜんたれ	seuzentare
Imperative (命令形)	悄然たれ	せうぜんたれ	seuzentare
Key constructions
Negative	悄然たらず	せうぜんたらず	seuzentarazu
Contrasting conjunction	悄然たれど	せうぜんたれど	seuzentaredo
Causal conjunction	悄然たれば	せうぜんたれば	seuzentareba
Conditional conjunction	悄然たらば	せうぜんたらば	seuzentaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	悄然たりき	せうぜんたりき	seuzentariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	悄然たりけり	せうぜんたりけり	seuzentarikeri
Adverbial	悄然と	せうぜんと	seuzento
[1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb.