樑

See also: 梁

樑 U+6A11, 樑 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A11 ← 樐 [U+6A10] CJK Unified Ideographs 樒 → [U+6A12]

Translingual

Han character

樑 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 木水戈木 (DEID), four-corner 4799₄, composition ⿰木梁)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 549, character 28
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15427
• Dae Jaweon: page 937, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1284, character 9
• Unihan data for U+6A11

Chinese

trad.		樑/梁
simp.		梁
alternative forms		鿄 𣸑 渿 𣹷 𨎛 “bridge for vehicles”

Glyph origin

Specialized form of 梁 (OC *raŋ, “beam; bridge”), with the addition of the semantic component 木 (“tree; wood”).

Etymology

Possibly Sino-Tibetan; compare Burmese အခြင် (a.hkrang, “rafter”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): liáng (liang²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄤˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): niang²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): loeng⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): liòng
• Eastern Min (BUC): liòng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): niû / niô͘ / liông / liâng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): niên⁵ / nion⁵ / liang⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶lian

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: liáng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: liáng
    • Wade–Giles: liang²
    • Yale: lyáng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liang
    • Palladius: лян (ljan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɑŋ³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: niang²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: liang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niaŋ²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: loeng⁴
    • Yale: lèuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: loeng⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: lêng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lœːŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liòng
    • Hakka Romanization System: liong^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: liong²
    • Sinological IPA: /li̯oŋ¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: liòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃uoŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niû
    • Tâi-lô: niû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: niuu
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Yilan, Kinmen): /niũ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /niũ²³/
    • IPA (Singapore): /niu²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niô͘
    • Tâi-lô: niôo
    • IPA (Tainan): /niɔ̃²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /niɔ̃¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông
    • Tâi-lô: liông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lioong
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /liɔŋ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâng
    • Tâi-lô: liâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liaang
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liaŋ¹³/

Note:

• niû/niô͘ - vernacular;
• liông/liâng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: niên⁵ / nion⁵ / liang⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: niêⁿ / niôⁿ / liâng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nĩẽ⁵⁵/, /nĩõ⁵⁵/, /liaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• niên5, nion5 - vernacular (niên5 - Chaozhou);
• liang5 - literary.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶lian
    • MiniDict: lian^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³lian
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /liã²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: ljang

Rime
Character	樑
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	呂章切
Baxter	ljang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/liɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/liɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/liaŋ/
Wang Li	/lĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	loeng4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*raŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*raŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	樑
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liáng
Middle Chinese	‹ ljang ›
Old Chinese	/*raŋ/
English	beam; bridge
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	樑
Reading #	1/1
No.	1648
Phonetic component	刅
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	良
Old Chinese	/*raŋ/

Definitions

樑

1. bridge

   橋樑／桥梁  ―  qiáoliáng  ―  bridge

2. roof beam

   棟樑／栋梁  ―  dòngliáng  ―  ridgepole, pillar, anchor, mainstay

3. ridge

   鼻樑／鼻梁  ―  bíliáng  ―  bridge (of a nose)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 橋 (“bridge”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		樑, 橋
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		橋, 橋樑
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	橋
	Taiwan	橋
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	橋
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	橋
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	橋
	Wuhan	橋
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	橋
	Hefei	橋
Cantonese	Guangzhou	橋
	Hong Kong	橋
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	橋
	Macau	橋
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	橋
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	橋
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	橋
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	橋
	Foshan	橋
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	橋
	Foshan (Shunde)	橋
	Foshan (Sanshui)	橋
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	橋
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	橋
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	橋
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	橋
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	橋
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	橋
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	橋
	Taishan	橋
	Kaiping (Chikan)	橋
	Enping (Niujiang)	橋
	Heshan (Yayao)	橋
	Dongguan	橋
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	橋
	Yangjiang	橋
Gan	Nanchang	橋
Hakka	Meixian	橋
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	橋
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	橋
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	橋
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	橋
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	橋
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	橋
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	橋
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	橋
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	橋
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	橋
Jin	Taiyuan	橋
Northern Min	Jian'ou	橋
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	橋
Southern Min	Xiamen	橋
	Manila (Hokkien)	橋
	Chaozhou	橋
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	橋
Wu	Suzhou	橋
	Wenzhou	橋
Xiang	Changsha	橋
	Shuangfeng	橋

Compounds

• 上樑／上梁 (shàngliáng)
• 下樑／下梁 (xiàliáng)
• 偷樑換柱／偷梁换柱 (tōuliánghuànzhù)
• 屋樑／屋梁 (wūliáng)
• 山樑／山梁 (shānliáng)
• 懸樑／悬梁 (xuánliáng)
• 房樑／房梁 (fángliáng)
• 架樑／架梁
• 棟樑／栋梁 (dòngliáng)
• 樑上君子／梁上君子 (liángshàngjūnzǐ)
• 橫樑／横梁 (héngliáng)
• 橋樑／桥梁 (qiáoliáng)
• 脊樑／脊梁
• 跳樑／跳梁 (tiàoliáng)
• 頂樑柱／顶梁柱 (dǐngliángzhù)
• 高樑／高梁 (gāoliáng)
• 鼻樑／鼻梁 (bíliáng)

 

Descendants

• → Vietnamese: rường (“small roof beam; straining beam”)

Japanese

Kanji

樑

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): りょう (ryō)
• Kun: はし (hashi, 樑)、はり (hari, 樑)、やな (yana, 樑)

Korean

Hanja

樑 • (ryang>yang, hoe) (hangeul 량>양, 회, revised ryang>yang, hoe, McCune–Reischauer ryang>yang, hoe, Yale lyang>yang, hoy)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

樑: Hán Nôm readings: rường, lương, sườn, giường

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation