湎

湎 U+6E4E, 湎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E4E ← 湍 [U+6E4D] CJK Unified Ideographs 湏 → [U+6E4F]

Translingual

Han character

湎 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水一田中 (EMWL), four-corner 3116₀, composition ⿰氵面)

1. flushed with drink, drunk

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 636, character 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17826
• Dae Jaweon: page 1043, character 24
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1672, character 3
• Unihan data for U+6E4E

Chinese

simp. and trad.		湎
alternative forms		䤄 𩈳 𨟺 沔

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (面) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蝒	*men
緬	*menʔ
湎	*menʔ
愐	*menʔ
偭	*menʔ, *mens
勔	*menʔ
面	*mens
麵	*meːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *menʔ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 面 (OC *mens).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): miǎn (mian³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): min⁵
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): meng⁵
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bián / biān / bín

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: miǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: miǎn
    • Wade–Giles: mien³
    • Yale: myǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mean
    • Palladius: мянь (mjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: min⁵
    • Yale: míhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: min⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: min⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miːn¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: meng⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bián / biān / bín
    • Tâi-lô: bián / biān / bín
    • Phofsit Daibuun: biern, bien, bien
    • IPA (Xiamen): /biɛn⁵³/, /biɛn²²/, /bin⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛn⁵⁵⁴/, /biɛn⁴¹/, /bin⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛn⁵³/, /biɛn²²/, /bin⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /biɛn⁵³/, /biɛn³³/, /bin⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn⁴¹/, /biɛn³³/, /bin⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: mjienX

Rime
Character	湎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	彌兖切
Baxter	mjienX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/miᴇnX/
Pan Wuyun	/miɛnX/
Shao Rongfen	/mjænX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mianX/
Li Rong	/miɛnX/
Wang Li	/mĭɛnX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯ɛnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	miǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	min5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*menʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*menʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	湎
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	miǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ mjienX ›
Old Chinese	/*menʔ/
English	sink in (wine)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	湎
Reading #	1/1
No.	9094
Phonetic component	面
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	緬
Old Chinese	/*menʔ/

Definitions

湎

1. (literary) to give in to drinking; to lose oneself in drink
2. (literary) to indulge in; to wallow in; to abandon oneself to

Compounds

• 沉湎 (chénmiǎn)
• 沉湎淫逸
• 流湎
• 湎湎
• 湎湎紛紛／湎湎纷纷
• 玄石沉湎
• 耽湎
• 荒湎

 

References

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “湎”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 157.

Japanese

Kanji

湎

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. be immersed in
2. be absorbed in

Readings

• Go-on: めん (men)
• Kan-on: べん (ben)
• Kun: おぼれる (oboreru, 湎れる)、しずむ (shizumu, 湎む)

Korean

Hanja

湎 • (myeon) (hangeul 면, revised myeon, McCune–Reischauer myŏn, Yale myen)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

湎: Hán Nôm readings: giờn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.