謬

See also: 谬

謬 U+8B2C, 謬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B2C ← 謫 [U+8B2B] CJK Unified Ideographs 謭 → [U+8B2D]

Translingual

Han character

謬 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+11, 18 strokes, cangjie input 卜口尸一竹 (YRSMH), four-corner 0762₂, composition ⿰訁翏)

1. error, exaggeration
2. erroneous

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1177, character 27
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35872
• Dae Jaweon: page 1642, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4015, character 12
• Unihan data for U+8B2C

Chinese

trad.		謬
simp.		谬

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (翏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
醪	*ruːw
嫪	*ruːw, *rɯːws
嘐	*ɡ·ruːw, *krɯːw, *qʰrɯːw
賿	*rrɯːw, *rrɯːwʔ
顟	*rrɯːw
膠	*krɯːw, *krɯːws, *kʰrɯːw
轇	*krɯːw
摎	*krɯːw, *rɯw
髎	*riw, *rɯːw
熮	*riws, *rɯːw, *rɯwʔ
廖	*rɯːw, *rɯːws, *rɯws
憀	*rɯːw, *rɯw
豂	*rɯːw
漻	*rɯːw
翏	*ɡ·rɯːw, *ɡ·rɯws
寥	*rɯːw, *rɯːwɢ
蓼	*rɯːwʔ, *rɯwɢ
鄝	*rɯːwʔ
鷚	*mɡlɯw, *rɯwɢs, *mɡrɯw, *ɡrɯw
繆	*mlɯw, *mɡrɯw, *mrɯws, *mlɯwɢ
勠	*rɯw, *rɯwɢs, *rɯwɢ
疁	*rɯw
飂	*rɯw, *rɯws
鏐	*rɯw, *rɯw
僇	*rɯwɢs, *rɯwɢ
瘳	*r̥ʰɯw
璆	*ɡlɯw, *ɡrɯw
謬	*mrɯws
蟉	*ɡ·rɯw, *ɡrɯw, *ɡrɯwʔ
樛	*krɯw
磟	*ruːwɢ, *rɯwɢ
戮	*rɯwɢ
剹	*rɯwɢ
穋	*rɯwɢ

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kiː(l/r) (“to bend; to wind; to twist; to roll”), i.e. “to twist words; to twist the truth”. Related to 糾 (OC *krɯwʔ, “to entangle”), 絞 (OC *kreːwʔ, “to twist; to strangle”), 摎 (OC *krɯːw, “to strangle”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): miù, niù (miu⁴, niu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄡˋ, ㄋㄧㄡˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): miu⁴

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mau⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): mau⁵

• Gan (Wiktionary): mieu⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): meu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): miau³

• Jin (Wiktionary): niou³
• Northern Min (KCR): miāu
• Eastern Min (BUC): miêu
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): biu⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): biū

  (Teochew, Peng'im): niu⁶

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶mieu
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): miau⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: miù
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: miòu
    • Wade–Giles: miu⁴
    • Yale: myòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miow
    • Palladius: мю (mju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Beijing dialect)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: niù
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: niòu
    • Wade–Giles: niu⁴
    • Yale: nyòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niow
    • Palladius: ню (nju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni̯oʊ̯⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: miu⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: miu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miəu²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mau⁶
    • Yale: mauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mau⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: meo⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐu̯²²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: mau⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbau³²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: mieu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miɛu¹¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: meu
    • Hakka Romanization System: meu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: meu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /meu̯⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: miau³
    • Sinological IPA: /miau³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: niou³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /niəu⁴⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: miāu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miau⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: miêu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miɛu²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: biu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /piu²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biū
    • Tâi-lô: biū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: biu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /biu²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /biu⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /biu²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /biu³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /biu³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: niu⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: niŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niu³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶mieu
    • MiniDict: mieu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³mieu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /miɤ²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: miau⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɒu̯⁴⁵/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 謬
Mandarin	Beijing	/miou⁵¹/ /niou⁵¹/
	Harbin	/niou⁵³/
	Tianjin	/niou⁵³/
	Jinan	/ȵiou²¹/
	Qingdao	/niou⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/niou³¹²/
	Xi'an	/niou⁴⁴/
	Xining	/miɯ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/niəu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ȵiou¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ȵiɤu²¹³/
	Wuhan	/miau³⁵/
	Chengdu	/miau¹³/ /miəu¹³/
	Guiyang	/miəu²¹³/
	Kunming	/miəu²¹²/
	Nanjing	/miɔo⁴⁴/ /miəɯ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/liɯ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/niəu⁴⁵/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/niəu⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/miɤ²³/
	Suzhou	/mɤ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ȵiu¹³/
	Wenzhou	/miɛ²²/
Hui	Shexian	/miɔ²²/
	Tunxi	/miu¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/miau⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/miaɯ⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/miau³¹/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/mɐu²²/
	Nanning	/mɐu²²/
	Hong Kong	/mɐu²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/biu²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/miɛu²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/niau⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/nĩu³⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/miu³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: mjiwH

Rime
Character	謬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	幽 (138)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	靡幼切
Baxter	mjiwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/miɪuH/
Pan Wuyun	/mɨuH/
Shao Rongfen	/mieuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mjiwH/
Li Rong	/miĕuH/
Wang Li	/miəuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/mieuH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	miào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mau6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-riw-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mrɯws/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	謬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	miù
Middle Chinese	‹ mjiwH ›
Old Chinese	/*m-riw-s/ (dialect: *m-r- > *mr-)
English	lie, error < 'twist the truth'
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	謬
Reading #	1/1
No.	8388
Phonetic component	翏
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	謬
Old Chinese	/*mrɯws/

Definitions

謬

1. false; wrong; erroneous
2. error; mistake
3. to deceive; to twist the truth
4. a surname

Compounds

• 乖謬／乖谬 (guāimiù)
• 剌謬／剌谬
• 匡謬／匡谬
• 大謬不然／大谬不然 (dàmiùbùrán)
• 悖謬／悖谬 (bèimiù)
• 悠謬／悠谬
• 析疑匡謬／析疑匡谬
• 歸謬法／归谬法
• 疵蒙謬累／疵蒙谬累
• 秕謬／秕谬
• 紕謬／纰谬 (pīmiù)
• 繩愆糾謬／绳愆纠谬
• 荒謬／荒谬 (huāngmiù)
• 荒謬劇／荒谬剧
• 荒謬小說／荒谬小说
• 荒謬絕倫／荒谬绝伦 (huāngmiùjuélún)
• 訛謬／讹谬 (émiù)
• 誤謬／误谬 (wùmiù)
• 謬以千里
• 謬妄／谬妄 (miùwàng)
• 謬悠之說／谬悠之说
• 謬愛／谬爱
• 謬採虛聲／谬采虚声
• 謬斯／谬斯
• 謬獎／谬奖 (miùjiǎng)
• 謬種／谬种 (miùzhǒng)
• 謬種流傳／谬种流传
• 謬耄／谬耄
• 謬見／谬见 (miùjiàn)
• 謬言／谬言
• 謬誤／谬误 (miùwù)
• 謬誤百出／谬误百出
• 謬論／谬论 (miùlùn)
• 謬識／谬识
• 謬讚／谬赞
• 謬領／谬领

 

References

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “谬”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 159.

Japanese

Kanji

謬

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. mistake

Readings

• Go-on: みゅう (myū)^{←みう (miu, historical)}
• Kan-on: びゅう (byū)^{←びう (biu, historical)}
• Kun: あやまる (ayamaru, 謬る)

Compounds

Compounds with 謬

• 乖謬(かいびゅう) (kaibyū)
• 過謬(かびゅう) (kabyū)
• 誤謬(ごびゅう) (gobyū)
• 錯謬(さくびゅう) (sakubyū)
• 粃謬(ひびゅう) (hibyū)
• 謬計(びゅうけい) (byūkei)
• 謬見(びゅうけん) (byūken)
• 謬言(びゅうげん) (byūgen)
• 謬錯(びゅうさく) (byūsaku)
• 謬算(びゅうさん) (byūsan)
• 謬説(びゅうせつ) (byūsetsu)
• 謬想(びゅうそう) (byūsō)
• 謬伝(びゅうでん) (byūden)
• 謬論(びゅうろん) (byūron)
• 無謬(むびゅう) (mubyū)
• 迷謬(めいびゅう) (meibyū)

Korean

Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 무 (mu) based on Middle Chinese 謬 (MC mjiwH).

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean 뮤ᇢ〮 (Yale: myúw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɾju] ~ [ju]
• Phonetic hangul: [류/유]

Hanja

Wikisource

謬 (eumhun 그릇될 류 (geureutdoel ryu), word-initial (South Korea) 그릇될 유 (geureutdoel yu))

1. hanja form^? of 류/유 (“false; wrong; erroneous”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 오류 (誤謬, oryu)
• 과류 (過謬, gwaryu)
• 유오 (謬誤, yuo)
• 유견 (謬見, yugyeon)
• 유론 (謬論, yuron)
• 유상 (謬想, yusang)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

謬: Hán Việt readings: mậu

1. chữ Hán form of mậu (“mistake”).