遠

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 远 and 逺
遠 U+9060, 遠
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9060
← 遟
[U+905F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 遡 →
[U+9061]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
13 strokes

Han character

[edit]

遠 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+10, 14 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 13 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 卜土口女 (YGRV), four-corner 34303, composition ⿺辶袁)

Derived characters

[edit]
[edit]

Descendants

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1263, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39047
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1757, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3869, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+9060

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 遠
simp. 远*
alternative forms 逺

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 遠
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (袁) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
薳 *ɢʷalʔ
袁 *ɢʷan
園 *ɢʷan
轅 *ɢʷan
猿 *ɢʷan
榬 *ɢʷan
溒 *ɢʷan
遠 *ɢʷanʔ, *ɢʷans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷanʔ, *ɢʷans) : semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 袁 (OC *ɢʷan).

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-wəj-n (“far”) (STEDT). Cognate with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *wəj² (“far”), whence Burmese ဝေး (we:, “far”).

Pronunciation 1

[edit]
Note:
  • huông - vernacular;
  • uōng - literary.
Note:
  • hn̄g/hňg/huīⁿ - vernacular;
  • oán - literary.
Note:
  • hng6 - vernacular;
  • iang2/iêng2 - literary (iêng2 - Chaozhou).
Rime
Character 遠
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 元 (66)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 雲阮切
Baxter hjwonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦʉɐnX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦʷiɐnX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣiuɐnX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦuanX/
Li
Rong 		/ɣiuɐnX/
Wang
Li 		/ɣĭwɐnX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/i̯wɐnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yuǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyun5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 遠
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yuǎn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hjwonX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.ɢʷanʔ/
English far

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 遠
Reading # 1/2
No. 16226
Phonetic
component 		袁
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		遠
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷanʔ/

Definitions

[edit]

遠

  1. distant; remote; far
    Antonym: 近 (jìn)
    在不遠的將來／在不远的将来  ―  zài bù yuǎn de jiānglái  ―  in the not too distant future
    我家離大學很遠。 [MSC, trad.]
    我家离大学很远。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ jiā lí dàxué hěn yuǎn. [Pinyin]
    My home is far from my university.
  2. not intimate; distant
    遠親／远亲  ―  yuǎnqīn  ―  distant relative
  3. profound
  4. (intensifier in a comparison) much; by far
    兩者差遠了。／两者差远了。  ―  Liǎngzhě chā yuǎn le.  ―  The two are very different.
    論學識我遠不及他。 [MSC, trad.]
    论学识我远不及他。 [MSC, simp.]
    Lùn xuéshí wǒ yuǎn bùjí tā. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Synonyms
[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 遠 (“far; distant; remote”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 遠, 遙, 悠, 迥, 遼
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 遠, 遙遠, 遼遠
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 遠
Taiwan 遠
Singapore 遠
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 遠
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 遠
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 遠
Wuhan 遠
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 遠
Hefei 遠
Cantonese Guangzhou 遠
Hong Kong 遠
Yangjiang 遠
Singapore (Guangfu) 遠
Gan Nanchang 遠
Hakka Meixian 遠
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 遠
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 遠
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 遠
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 遠
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 遠
Jin Taiyuan 遠
Northern Min Jian'ou 𨱵
Jian'ou (Dikou) 𨱵
Songxi 𨱵
Zhenghe 𨱵
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 𨱵
Jianyang 𨱵
Wuyishan 𨱵
Pucheng (Shibei) 𨱵
Eastern Min Fuzhou 遠
Southern Min Xiamen 遠
Singapore (Hokkien) 遠
Manila (Hokkien) 遠
Chaozhou 遠
Wu Suzhou 遠
Wenzhou 遠
Xiang Changsha 遠
Shuangfeng 遠

Compounds

[edit]

Pronunciation 2

[edit]
Rime
Character 遠
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 元 (66)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 于願切
Baxter hjwonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦʉɐnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦʷiɐnH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣiuɐnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦuanH/
Li
Rong 		/ɣiuɐnH/
Wang
Li 		/ɣĭwɐnH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/i̯wɐnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yuàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyun6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 遠
Reading # 2/2
No. 16227
Phonetic
component 		袁
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		遠
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷans/

Definitions

[edit]

遠

  1. to distance oneself from; to keep at a distance
  2. a surname

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]
Shinjitai 遠
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3]
遠󠄁
遠+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
遠󠄄
遠+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

[edit]
遠

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. distant, far
  2. temporally long
  3. unfriendly, keep away
  4. deep, profound
  5. estranged
  6. Tōtōmi Province

Readings

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 遠 (MC hjwonX); compare Mandarin 遠／远 (yuǎn):

  • Go-on: おん (on, Jōyō †)←をん (won, historical)
  • Kan-on: えん (en, Jōyō)←ゑん (wen, historical)

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
遠
とお
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

⟨to2po⟩ → */təpo/ → /tofo/ → /towo/ → /toː/

From Old Japanese.

Stem of classical adjective 遠し (tōshi), modern 遠い (tōi, “distant, far”).[4]

Prefix

[edit]

遠(とお) • (tō-) ←とほ (tofo-)?

  1. distant, far-off
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
遠
おち
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

/woti/ → /wot͡ɕi/ → /ot͡ɕi/

From Old Japanese.

Alternative forms

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

遠(おち) • (ochi) ←をち (woti)?

  1. (archaic) a distant place
  2. (archaic) a time far from the present
    1. the distant past
    2. the far-off future

Etymology 3

[edit]
Kanji in this term
遠
おと
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

⟨woto2⟩ → */wotə/ → /woto/ → /oto/

Shift from Old Japanese ochi, ancient woti (see above).[4][5]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

遠(おと) • (oto) ←をと (woto)?

  1. (archaic) a distant place
  2. (archaic) a time far from the present
    1. the distant past
    2. the far-off future
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 4

[edit]
Kanji in this term
遠
えん
Grade: 2
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 遠 (MC hjwonX, “distant; remote; far”), corresponding to modern Mandarin yuǎn, Cantonese jyun5.

As a verb in Chinese compounds like 遠色 (enshoku, “keep aloof from beauty”, kun'yomi iro o tōzaku), from Middle Chinese 遠 (MC hjwonH, “keep at a distance; keep away from”), corresponding to Mandarin yuàn, Cantonese jyun6.

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Affix

[edit]

遠(えん) • (en) ←ゑん (wen)?

  1. distant; far; remote (in time or space)
  2. distant (in relationship); estranged
  3. deep; profound
  4. Abbreviation of 遠江国 (Tōtōmi no kuni, “Tōtōmi Province”).
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 5

[edit]
Kanji in this term
遠
おん
Grade: 2
goon

From Middle Chinese 遠 (MC hjwonX, “distant; remote; far”).

The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Affix

[edit]

遠(おん) • (on) ←をん (won)?

  1. distant; far; remote (in time, space, or relationship)
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms

References

[edit]
  1. ^ “遠”, in 漢字ぺディア‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
  2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2124 (paper), page 1114 (digital)
  3. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 1226 (paper), page 626 (digital)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

遠 (eumhun 멀 원 (meol won))

  1. hanja form? of 원 (“distant; far”)

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

遠: Hán Nôm readings: viễn, vẻn, viển, vỏn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=遠&oldid=82464067"