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From Proto-Finnic *-inën . Originally also had the variant -nen , but in the standard language, the two variants have been made distinct by giving them different uses.
IPA (key ) : /-inen/ , [-ine̞n]
IPA (key ) : /-ne(n)/ , [-ne̞(n)] ( colloquial, dialectal; see usage notes )
-inen
Creates adjectives:
Creates adjectives signifying a certain quality : -like , -ous , -y
vuoristo ( “ mountain range ” ) + -inen → vuoristoinen ( “ mountainous ” )
sotku ( “ mess ” ) + -inen → sotkuinen ( “ messy ” )
talvi ( “ winter ” ) + -inen → talvinen ( “ wintry ” )
Creates adjectives indicating a material of which something is made : -en
kulta ( “ gold ” ) + -inen → kultainen ( “ golden ” )
puu ( “ tree; wood ” ) + -inen → puinen ( “ wooden ” )
Creates adjectives from present active participles, indicating a tendency to be/do something.
taipuva ( “ flexible ” ) + -inen → taipuvainen ( “ inclined, predisposed (to do something) ” )
Creates adjectives from foreign roots : -ic
demokraatti- + -inen → demokraattinen ( “ democratic ” )
konstruktiivi- + -inen → konstruktiivinen ( “ constructive ” )
This suffix is highly productive.
All -inen nominals belong to declension class 38 (nainen ). Nominals belonging to this class have special combining forms.
When appended to verbs ending in -taa , -tää , the verb stem ending in -te- is used.
kerrostaa → kerrosteinen
Should not be confused with the diminutive suffix -nen in the standard language. The two suffixes are however etymologically identical and hence the distinction may not be observed in some dialects.
Colloquially and dialectally, -inen may lose its -i- . In the most common variants of colloquial Finnish, the -i- is elided if it is unstressed and immediately preceded by a vowel that is not e and is in the same syllable as -i- (i.e. part of a -Vi- diphthong). The dropping may be avoided if it would result in an unacceptable amount of ambiguity.
-hinen was originally a distinct suffix, but has become confused with -inen , and most speakers do not recognize them as separate suffixes.
Inflection of -inen (Kotus type 38/nainen , no gradation)
nominative
-inen
-iset
genitive
-isen
-isten -isien
partitive
-ista
-isia
illative
-iseen
-isiin
singular
plural
nominative
-inen
-iset
accusative
nom.
-inen
-iset
gen.
-isen
genitive
-isen
-isten -isien
partitive
-ista
-isia
inessive
-isessa
-isissa
elative
-isesta
-isista
illative
-iseen
-isiin
adessive
-isella
-isilla
ablative
-iselta
-isilta
allative
-iselle
-isille
essive
-isena
-isina
translative
-iseksi
-isiksi
abessive
-isetta
-isitta
instructive
—
-isin
comitative
—
-isine
Rare . Only used with substantive adjectives .
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-iseni
-iseni
accusative
nom.
-iseni
-iseni
gen.
-iseni
genitive
-iseni
-isteni -isieni
partitive
-istani
-isiani
inessive
-isessani
-isissani
elative
-isestani
-isistani
illative
-iseeni
-isiini
adessive
-isellani
-isillani
ablative
-iseltani
-isiltani
allative
-iselleni
-isilleni
essive
-isenani
-isinani
translative
-isekseni
-isikseni
abessive
-isettani
-isittani
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-isineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-isesi
-isesi
accusative
nom.
-isesi
-isesi
gen.
-isesi
genitive
-isesi
-istesi -isiesi
partitive
-istasi
-isiasi
inessive
-isessasi
-isissasi
elative
-isestasi
-isistasi
illative
-iseesi
-isiisi
adessive
-isellasi
-isillasi
ablative
-iseltasi
-isiltasi
allative
-isellesi
-isillesi
essive
-isenasi
-isinasi
translative
-iseksesi
-isiksesi
abessive
-isettasi
-isittasi
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-isinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-isemme
-isemme
accusative
nom.
-isemme
-isemme
gen.
-isemme
genitive
-isemme
-istemme -isiemme
partitive
-istamme
-isiamme
inessive
-isessamme
-isissamme
elative
-isestamme
-isistamme
illative
-iseemme
-isiimme
adessive
-isellamme
-isillamme
ablative
-iseltamme
-isiltamme
allative
-isellemme
-isillemme
essive
-isenamme
-isinamme
translative
-iseksemme
-isiksemme
abessive
-isettamme
-isittamme
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-isinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-isenne
-isenne
accusative
nom.
-isenne
-isenne
gen.
-isenne
genitive
-isenne
-istenne -isienne
partitive
-istanne
-isianne
inessive
-isessanne
-isissanne
elative
-isestanne
-isistanne
illative
-iseenne
-isiinne
adessive
-isellanne
-isillanne
ablative
-iseltanne
-isiltanne
allative
-isellenne
-isillenne
essive
-isenanne
-isinanne
translative
-iseksenne
-isiksenne
abessive
-isettanne
-isittanne
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-isinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-isensa
-isensa
accusative
nom.
-isensa
-isensa
gen.
-isensa
genitive
-isensa
-istensa -isiensa
partitive
-istaan -istansa
-isiaan -isiansa
inessive
-isessaan -isessansa
-isissaan -isissansa
elative
-isestaan -isestansa
-isistaan -isistansa
illative
-iseensa
-isiinsa
adessive
-isellaan -isellansa
-isillaan -isillansa
ablative
-iseltaan -iseltansa
-isiltaan -isiltansa
allative
-iselleen -isellensa
-isilleen -isillensa
essive
-isenaan -isenansa
-isinaan -isinansa
translative
-isekseen -iseksensa
-isikseen -isiksensa
abessive
-isettaan -isettansa
-isittaan -isittansa
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-isineen -isinensa
Inflection of -inen (Kotus type 38/nainen , no gradation)
nominative
-inen
-iset
genitive
-isen
-isten -isien
partitive
-istä
-isiä
illative
-iseen
-isiin
singular
plural
nominative
-inen
-iset
accusative
nom.
-inen
-iset
gen.
-isen
genitive
-isen
-isten -isien
partitive
-istä
-isiä
inessive
-isessä
-isissä
elative
-isestä
-isistä
illative
-iseen
-isiin
adessive
-isellä
-isillä
ablative
-iseltä
-isiltä
allative
-iselle
-isille
essive
-isenä
-isinä
translative
-iseksi
-isiksi
abessive
-isettä
-isittä
instructive
—
-isin
comitative
—
-isine
Rare . Only used with substantive adjectives .
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-iseni
-iseni
accusative
nom.
-iseni
-iseni
gen.
-iseni
genitive
-iseni
-isteni -isieni
partitive
-istäni
-isiäni
inessive
-isessäni
-isissäni
elative
-isestäni
-isistäni
illative
-iseeni
-isiini
adessive
-iselläni
-isilläni
ablative
-iseltäni
-isiltäni
allative
-iselleni
-isilleni
essive
-isenäni
-isinäni
translative
-isekseni
-isikseni
abessive
-isettäni
-isittäni
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-isineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-isesi
-isesi
accusative
nom.
-isesi
-isesi
gen.
-isesi
genitive
-isesi
-istesi -isiesi
partitive
-istäsi
-isiäsi
inessive
-isessäsi
-isissäsi
elative
-isestäsi
-isistäsi
illative
-iseesi
-isiisi
adessive
-iselläsi
-isilläsi
ablative
-iseltäsi
-isiltäsi
allative
-isellesi
-isillesi
essive
-isenäsi
-isinäsi
translative
-iseksesi
-isiksesi
abessive
-isettäsi
-isittäsi
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-isinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-isemme
-isemme
accusative
nom.
-isemme
-isemme
gen.
-isemme
genitive
-isemme
-istemme -isiemme
partitive
-istämme
-isiämme
inessive
-isessämme
-isissämme
elative
-isestämme
-isistämme
illative
-iseemme
-isiimme
adessive
-isellämme
-isillämme
ablative
-iseltämme
-isiltämme
allative
-isellemme
-isillemme
essive
-isenämme
-isinämme
translative
-iseksemme
-isiksemme
abessive
-isettämme
-isittämme
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-isinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-isenne
-isenne
accusative
nom.
-isenne
-isenne
gen.
-isenne
genitive
-isenne
-istenne -isienne
partitive
-istänne
-isiänne
inessive
-isessänne
-isissänne
elative
-isestänne
-isistänne
illative
-iseenne
-isiinne
adessive
-isellänne
-isillänne
ablative
-iseltänne
-isiltänne
allative
-isellenne
-isillenne
essive
-isenänne
-isinänne
translative
-iseksenne
-isiksenne
abessive
-isettänne
-isittänne
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-isinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-isensä
-isensä
accusative
nom.
-isensä
-isensä
gen.
-isensä
genitive
-isensä
-istensä -isiensä
partitive
-istään -istänsä
-isiään -isiänsä
inessive
-isessään -isessänsä
-isissään -isissänsä
elative
-isestään -isestänsä
-isistään -isistänsä
illative
-iseensä
-isiinsä
adessive
-isellään -isellänsä
-isillään -isillänsä
ablative
-iseltään -iseltänsä
-isiltään -isiltänsä
allative
-iselleen -isellensä
-isilleen -isillensä
essive
-isenään -isenänsä
-isinään -isinänsä
translative
-isekseen -iseksensä
-isikseen -isiksensä
abessive
-isettään -isettänsä
-isittään -isittänsä
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-isineen -isinensä