Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sweraną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to ache, fester”). Possibly related to Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬀 (xᵛara, “wound, hurt”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈswe.rɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*sweraną

1. to hurt
2. to fester; ulcerate

Inflection

Conjugation of *sweraną (strong class 4)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swerō	*sweraų	—	*swerai	?
2nd singular	*swirizi	*sweraiz	*swer	*swerazai	*sweraizau
3rd singular	*swiridi	*swerai	*sweradau	*sweradai	*sweraidau
1st dual	*swerōz	*sweraiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*sweradiz	*sweraidiz	*sweradiz	—	—
1st plural	*sweramaz	*sweraim	—	*swerandai	*sweraindau
2nd plural	*swirid	*sweraid	*swirid	*swerandai	*sweraindau
3rd plural	*swerandi	*swerain	*swerandau	*swerandai	*sweraindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swar	*swērį̄
2nd singular	*swart	*swērīz
3rd singular	*swar	*swērī
1st dual	*swērū	*swērīw
2nd dual	*swērudiz	*swērīdiz
1st plural	*swērum	*swērīm
2nd plural	*swērud	*swērīd
3rd plural	*swērun	*swērīn
	present	past
participles	*swerandz	*s(w)uranaz

Derived terms

• *swerô

Related terms

• *swerdą

Descendants

• (Old English: swor; swarnian, swārnian, swornian)
• Old Saxon: *sweran
  • Middle Low German: swēren
• Old Dutch: *sweran
  • Middle Dutch: swēren
    • Dutch: zweren
      • Afrikaans: sweer
• Old High German: sweran; (swero; swerado, swerdo)
  • Middle High German: swërn; (swere, swer, geswer; swerde)
    • German: schwären; (Geschwür)