Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gyža

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gúnˀźjāˀ (“clump”) (possibly *gū́ˀźjāˀ), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *genǵ- or *gunǵ- (“to clump, to curl”) (compare English kink). Cognate with Latvian gũža, Lithuanian gū̃žė (“head of cabbage”) (dial. gū́žė, gųnžỹs (“cabbage sprout; Adam's apple”) (i-stem)). Possibly doubleted by Proto-Slavic *guga (“lump”) (whence Polish guga, dial. Russian гу́гля (gúglja)), formally from Proto-Indo-European *gewg-.

Besides acute reflexes, Lithuanian also exhibit seemingly related terms with grave intonation, e.g. Lithuanian gùnga (“hump”), gùžas (“bump, knot”), gugà (“hunch”).

Noun

*gyža f

1. stump

   Synonym: *pьňь

Declension

Declension of *gyža (soft a-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gyža	*gỳži	*gỳžę̇
genitive	*gỳžę̇	*gỳžu	*gỳžь
dative	*gỳžī	*gỳžama	*gỳžāmъ
accusative	*gỳžǫ	*gỳži	*gỳžę̇
instrumental	*gỳžējǫ, *gỳžǭ*	*gỳžama	*gỳžāmī
locative	*gỳžī	*gỳžu	*gỳžāsъ
vocative	*gỳže	*gỳži	*gỳžę̇

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

• *gǫzъ, *gǫza (“bump”)
• *guga (“lump”)
• *gyčь (“haulm, bud”) (possibly)
• *guta (“clump; tuber (of plant)”) (possibly)

Descendants

• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:
    • Churh Slavonic (Russian recension): гыжа (gyža)
  • Bulgarian: ги́жа (gíža)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ги̏жа, ги̏джа

    Latin script: gȉža, gȉdža

• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: hýžě, hýždě
    • Czech: hyže (“tip of the shinbone”)
  • Old Polish: giża (“ham”)
    • >? Polish: gira (“leg”)

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gyža”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 224
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “гижа”, in Български етимологичен речник (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 241
• “gunžys”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė, 2007–2012