Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rǫgati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *rǫgъ (“ridicule, mockery”) +‎ *-ati. The root's origin is disputed. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *wreng-, *wrengʰ- (“to twist, to wring”). If so, akin to Old Prussian rānctwei (“to steal”) and possibly Latvian reñgtis (“to bow, to twist oneself”), Proto-Germanic *wrankiz (“wrench”), *wrangaz (“crooked, wrong”).

Machek relates it further with Proto-Slavic *orǫga (“equipment”), *rǫžiti (“to arm”), which Vasmer doubts.

Verb

*rǫgàti impf (perfective *rǫgnǫti)

1. (transitive) to offend, to scorn (to cause distress to someone)
2. (figurative) to deride, to mock, to ridicule (to make fun of)

Inflection

Conjugation of *rǫgati, *rǫga, *rǫgajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*rǫganьje	*rǫgati	*rǫgatъ	*rǫgalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*rǫganъ	*rǫgajemъ
Active	*rǫgavъ	*rǫgaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*rǫgaxъ	*rǫga	*rǫga	*rǫgajǫ	*rǫgaješi	*rǫgajetь
Dual	*rǫgaxově	*rǫgasta	*rǫgaste	*rǫgajevě	*rǫgajeta	*rǫgajete
Plural	*rǫgaxomъ	*rǫgaste	*rǫgašę	*rǫgajemъ	*rǫgajete	*rǫgajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*rǫgaaxъ	*rǫgaaše	*rǫgaaše	—	*rǫgaji	*rǫgaji
Dual	*rǫgaaxově	*rǫgaašeta	*rǫgaašete	*rǫgajivě	*rǫgajita	—
Plural	*rǫgaaxomъ	*rǫgaašete	*rǫgaaxǫ	*rǫgajimъ	*rǫgajite	—

Derived terms

• *narǫgati
• *porǫgati
• *urǫgati
• *rǫga (resultant noun)
• *rǫgateľь, *rǫgačь (agent nouns)

Related terms

nouns

• *rǫgъ

 

verbs

• *ręgnǫti
• *ręžati

 

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: ругати (rugati)
    • Old Ruthenian: руга́ти (ruháti)
      • Belarusian: руга́ць (ruhácʹ) (dialectal)
      • Ukrainian: руга́ти (ruháty)
    • Russian: руга́ть (rugátʹ)
      • → Polish: rugać
      • → Bulgarian: руга́я (rugája) (standard)
• South Slavic
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: рѫгати (rǫgati)

  • Bulgarian: ръга́я (rǎgája) (obsolete), possibly ръ́гам (rǎ́gam, “to prod”)
  • Macedonian: руга (ruga)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ру́гати

    Latin script: rúgati

  • Slovene: rógati (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic
  • Old Czech: rúhati
    • Czech: rouhat
  • Kashubian: rągac
  • ⇒ Old Polish: uręgać
    • Polish: urągać
  • Slovak: rúhať

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “руга́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “ругая”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 333
• Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “ръгая”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 362