Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kauli

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

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Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin caulis, caulus (“stalk, stem; cabbage”).

Noun

*kauli m

cabbage, colewort

Inflection

i-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*kauli
Genitive	*kaulī
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*kauli	*kaulī
Accusative	*kauli	*kaulī
Genitive	*kaulī	*kaulijō
Dative	*kaulī	kaulim, kaulijum
Instrumental	*kaulī	kaulim, kaulijum

Alternative reconstructions

*kaul, *kaulā, *kawul

Descendants

Old English: cāwel, cāwl, cāul, cāl
- Middle English: col, coul, coyl, cal, kal (Northern)
  - English: cole, kale, kail
  - Scots: cale, caill, kail
  - Yola: kaayle ⇒ Coolpeach
  - → Irish: cál
- → Old Norse: kál
  - Icelandic: kál
  - Faroese: kál
  - Norwegian: kål
  - Old Danish: kaal
    - Danish: kål
  - Old Swedish: kāl
    - Swedish: kål
    - → Finnish: kaali
  - Elfdalian: ką̊l
- → Scottish Gaelic: càl
Old Frisian: *kāl (likely borrowed)
- Saterland Frisian: Kool
- West Frisian: koal
Old Saxon: kōli, kōl
- Middle Low German: kôl, koel, koil, kohl, kohel
  - German Low German:
    Märkisch (Altmärkisch), Westphalian (South Westphalian): Kaol
    
    Westphalian:
    Bentheimisch: Koal (Grafschaft)
    
    Sauerländisch (Assinghausen, Eslohe, Felbecke), East Westphalian (Lipp): Kaul
    
    Sauerländisch: Käol, Keyel (Niedersfeld), Koul (Attendorn, Drolshagen), Köel (Wenden)
    
    Westmünsterländisch: Kool
    
    East Westphalian: Käul (Ravensberg)
Old Dutch: *kōli, *kōl
- Middle Dutch: cole, col
  - Dutch: kool
    - Afrikaans: kool
Old High German: kōli, kōl m, kōla f
- Middle High German: kōl, koele, koel
  - Bavarian: Keel, Kel
    - → Hungarian: kel
    - → Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: кељ
      
      Latin script: kelj
    - → Slovak: kel
  - German: Kohl