extinguir

Portuguese

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin extinguere.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /is.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(ʁ)/ [is.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(h)], /es.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(ʁ)/ [es.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(h)], /is.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(ʁ)/ [is.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(h)], /es.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(ʁ)/ [es.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /is.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(ʁ)/ [is.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(h)], /es.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(ʁ)/ [es.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(h)], /is.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(ʁ)/ [is.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(h)], /es.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(ʁ)/ [es.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /is.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(ɾ)/, /es.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(ɾ)/, /is.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(ɾ)/, /es.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /iʃ.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(ʁ)/ [iʃ.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(χ)], /eʃ.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(ʁ)/ [eʃ.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(χ)], /iʃ.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(ʁ)/ [iʃ.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(χ)], /eʃ.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(ʁ)/ [eʃ.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /es.t͡ʃĩˈɡi(ɻ)/, /es.t͡ʃĩˈɡwi(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.tĩˈɡiɾ/, /ɐjʃ.tĩˈɡiɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.tĩˈɡiɾ/, /ɐjʃ.tĩˈɡiɾ/
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.tĩˈɡiɾ/, /ejʃ.tĩˈɡiɾ/
  • (Central Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.tĩˈɡiɾ/, /ejʃ.tĩˈɡiɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.tĩˈɡi.ɾi/, /eʃ.tĩˈɡi.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: ex‧tin‧guir

Verb

extinguir (first-person singular present extingo, first-person singular preterite extingui, past participle extinguido, short past participle extinto)

1. to extinguish, quench

Conjugation

    Conjugation of extinguir (irregular short past participle; g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	extinguir
Personal	extinguir	extinguires	extinguir	extinguirmos	extinguirdes	extinguirem
Gerund
	extinguindo
Short past participle
Masculine	extinto1			extintos1
Feminine	extinta1			extintas1
Long past participle
Masculine	extinguido2			extinguidos2
Feminine	extinguida2			extinguidas2
Indicative
Present	extingo	extingues	extingue	extinguimos	extinguis	extinguem
Imperfect	extinguia	extinguias	extinguia	extinguíamos	extinguíeis	extinguiam
Preterite	extingui	extinguiste	extinguiu	extinguimos	extinguistes	extinguiram
Pluperfect	extinguira	extinguiras	extinguira	extinguíramos	extinguíreis	extinguiram
Future	extinguirei	extinguirás	extinguirá	extinguiremos	extinguireis	extinguirão
Conditional	extinguiria	extinguirias	extinguiria	extinguiríamos	extinguiríeis	extinguiriam
Subjunctive
Present	extinga	extingas	extinga	extingamos	extingais	extingam
Imperfect	extinguisse	extinguisses	extinguisse	extinguíssemos	extinguísseis	extinguissem
Future	extinguir	extinguires	extinguir	extinguirmos	extinguirdes	extinguirem
Imperative
Affirmative		extingue	extinga	extingamos	extingui	extingam
Negative (não)		não extingas	não extinga	não extingamos	não extingais	não extingam

¹Usually used with auxiliary verbs ser and estar.
²Usually used with auxiliary verbs haver and ter.

Related terms

• distinguir
• extinção
• extinto

 

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin extinguere.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eɡstinˈɡiɾ/ [eɣ̞s.t̪ĩŋˈɡiɾ]
• Rhymes: -iɾ
• Syllabification: ex‧tin‧guir

Verb

extinguir (first-person singular present extingo, first-person singular preterite extinguí, past participle extinguido)

1. to extinguish, to put out
2. to carry out (a task, etc.)
3. (reflexive) to go extinct, to die out
   • 2019 February 20, “Confirman la extinción del primer mamífero por culpa del cambio climático”, in El Nuevo Día‎^[1]:

     Antes de extinguirse, estos roedores eran los únicos mamíferos nativos de la Gran Barrera de Coral, ecosistema ubicado frente a la costa de Queensland en el noreste de Australia.

     Before going extinct, these rodents were the only mammals native to the Great Barrier Reef, an ecosystem located in front of the Queensland coast in northeast Australia.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of extinguir (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			extinguir
gerund			extinguiendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		extinguido		extinguida
		plural		extinguidos		extinguidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	extingo	extinguestú extinguísvos	extingue	extinguimos	extinguís	extinguen
	imperfect	extinguía	extinguías	extinguía	extinguíamos	extinguíais	extinguían
	preterite	extinguí	extinguiste	extinguió	extinguimos	extinguisteis	extinguieron
	future	extinguiré	extinguirás	extinguirá	extinguiremos	extinguiréis	extinguirán
	conditional	extinguiría	extinguirías	extinguiría	extinguiríamos	extinguiríais	extinguirían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	extinga	extingastú extingásvos2	extinga	extingamos	extingáis	extingan
	imperfect (ra)	extinguiera	extinguieras	extinguiera	extinguiéramos	extinguierais	extinguieran
	imperfect (se)	extinguiese	extinguieses	extinguiese	extinguiésemos	extinguieseis	extinguiesen
	future1	extinguiere	extinguieres	extinguiere	extinguiéremos	extinguiereis	extinguieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		extinguetú extinguívos	extinga	extingamos	extinguid	extingan
	negative		no extingas	no extinga	no extingamos	no extingáis	no extingan

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of extinguir (g-gu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive extinguir
	dative	extinguirme	extinguirte	extinguirle, extinguirse	extinguirnos	extinguiros	extinguirles, extinguirse
	accusative	extinguirme	extinguirte	extinguirlo, extinguirla, extinguirse	extinguirnos	extinguiros	extinguirlos, extinguirlas, extinguirse
with gerund extinguiendo
	dative	extinguiéndome	extinguiéndote	extinguiéndole, extinguiéndose	extinguiéndonos	extinguiéndoos	extinguiéndoles, extinguiéndose
	accusative	extinguiéndome	extinguiéndote	extinguiéndolo, extinguiéndola, extinguiéndose	extinguiéndonos	extinguiéndoos	extinguiéndolos, extinguiéndolas, extinguiéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative extingue
	dative	extíngueme	extínguete	extínguele	extínguenos	not used	extíngueles
	accusative	extíngueme	extínguete	extínguelo, extínguela	extínguenos	not used	extínguelos, extínguelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative extinguí
	dative	extinguime	extinguite	extinguile	extinguinos	not used	extinguiles
	accusative	extinguime	extinguite	extinguilo, extinguila	extinguinos	not used	extinguilos, extinguilas
with formal second-person singular imperative extinga
	dative	extíngame	not used	extíngale, extíngase	extínganos	not used	extíngales
	accusative	extíngame	not used	extíngalo, extíngala, extíngase	extínganos	not used	extíngalos, extíngalas
with first-person plural imperative extingamos
	dative	not used	extingámoste	extingámosle	extingámonos	extingámoos	extingámosles
	accusative	not used	extingámoste	extingámoslo, extingámosla	extingámonos	extingámoos	extingámoslos, extingámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative extinguid
	dative	extinguidme	not used	extinguidle	extinguidnos	extinguíos	extinguidles
	accusative	extinguidme	not used	extinguidlo, extinguidla	extinguidnos	extinguíos	extinguidlos, extinguidlas
with formal second-person plural imperative extingan
	dative	extínganme	not used	extínganle	extíngannos	not used	extínganles, extínganse
	accusative	extínganme	not used	extínganlo, extínganla	extíngannos	not used	extínganlos, extínganlas, extínganse

Related terms

• distinguir (“to distinguish”)
• extinción (“extinction”)
• extinto (“extinct”)

 

Further reading

• “extinguir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28