fogur

See also: fögur

Old Irish

FWOTD – 10 June 2021

Alternative forms

• fogor, fugur

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *uɸo-gar-os, from *uɸo- (“under, sub-”) and the zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“to call”) (compare gairid (“to call”) and Welsh gair (“word”)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɸoɣur]

Noun

fogur m (genitive foguir or fogair or fogir, nominative plural foguir or fogair or fogir)

1. a sound
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 12^c22

     Ro·cluinethar cách in fogur et níɔ·fitir cid as·beir.

     Everyone hears the sound and doesn't know what he says.

   • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 7^a7

     in fogur glosses sonum

Declension

Masculine o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	fogur, fogor, fugur	fogurL, fogor, fugur	foguirL, fogair, fogir
Vocative	foguir, fogair, fogir	fogurL, fogor, fugur	fogru?H
Accusative	fogurN, fogor, fugur	fogurL, fogor, fugur	fogru?H
Genitive	foguirL, fogair, fogir	fogur, fogor, fugur	fogurN, fogor, fugur
Dative	fogurL, fogor, fugur	fograib?	fograib?
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

• fograigidir

Descendants

• Irish: foghar
• Manx: foayr
• Scottish Gaelic: foghar

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
fogur	ḟogur	fogur pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “fogur”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language