ići
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *eitei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-. Cognate to Slovene iti.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]ìći impf (Cyrillic spelling ѝћи)
- (intransitive) to go, walk
- (intransitive) to flow, run, leak (of liquid)
- (intransitive) to function, work (of a machine)
- (intransitive, dative) to do well, succeed
- (intransitive) to elapse, pass (of time or period)
- (intransitive) to belong to, classify as
- (intransitive) to suit, fit
- (auxiliary, informal) Forms a near future tense, akin to English going to future tense construction.
- Gladan sam. Idem jesti! ― I am hungry. I'm gonna go eat! (literally, “I am hungry. I go eat!”)
- Umorio sam se! Idem odmoriti. ― I am exhausted. I'm gonna go rest! (literally, “I am tired. I go rest!”)
- Ideš li na koncert sutra? Svi idu! ― Are you going to the concert tomorrow? Everyone is gonna go! (literally, “Are you going to the concert tomorrow? Everyone goes!”)
- (auxiliary, informal) Forms a past progressive tense that entails an inchoate future aspect.
- Išao sam pokositi travu u vrtu, ali je počela padati kiša. (Croatia)
Išao sam da pokosim travu u vrtu, ali je kiša počela da pada. (Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro) ― I was going to mow the lawn, but it started raining. (literally, “I went to mown the lawn, but it started raining.”)
- Išao sam pokositi travu u vrtu, ali je počela padati kiša. (Croatia)
Usage notes
[edit]- By definition, ići implies movement; it is usually translated as "going to go/gonna go", indicating a planned action or intention or a suggestion that is to take place or be done soon.
- Ići is an imperfective verb, therefore it matches the function of English's progressive aspect. The verb is followed by the action verb in either infinitive (Croatia) or present form (Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro). Action verb can be omitted if it is deducible from context:
- "Jesi li pokosio travu? Ne, išao sam, ali počela je padati kiša."
- "Did you cut the grass? No, I was going to, but it started raining."
- Since aorist and imperfect have become obsolete in many Serbo-Croatian dialects and supplanted in function by past perfect, the form of the tense matches the past perfect construction. Therefore, the sentence "Išao sam." could be translated as either "I went." or "I was going." depending on context.
- The future formed with "ići" is usually reserved for informal situations and actively avoided in formal ones in both speech and writing where simple future tense would be used; i.e "Hoćete li ići na koncert?" ("Will you be going/go to the concert?") instead of "Idete na koncert?" ("You gonna go to the concert?)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of ići
Infinitive: ići | Present verbal adverb: ȉdūći | Past verbal adverb: ȉšāvši | Verbal noun: ìdēnje | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |
Verbal forms | ja | ti | on / ona / ono | mi | vi | oni / one / ona | |
Present | idem | ideš | ide | idemo | idete | idu | |
Future | Future I | ići ću | ići ćeš | ići će | ići ćemo | ići ćete | ići će |
Future II | bȕdēm išao2 | bȕdēš išao2 | bȕdē išao2 | bȕdēmo išli2 | bȕdēte išli2 | bȕdū išli2 | |
Past | Perfect | išao sam2 | išao si2 | išao je2 | išli smo2 | išli ste2 | išli su2 |
Pluperfect3 | bȉo sam išao2 | bȉo si išao2 | bȉo je išao2 | bíli smo išli2 | bíli ste išli2 | bíli su išli2 | |
Imperfect | iđah | iđaše | iđaše | iđasmo | iđaste | iđahu | |
Conditional I | išao bih2 | išao bi2 | išao bi2 | išli bismo2 | išli biste2 | išli bi2 | |
Conditional II4 | bȉo bih išao2 | bȉo bi išao2 | bȉo bi išao2 | bíli bismo išli2 | bíli biste išli2 | bíli bi išli2 | |
Imperative | — | idi | — | idimo | idite | — | |
Active past participle | išao m / išla f / išlo n | išli m / išle f / išla n | |||||
1 Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic. 2 For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively. |
Derived terms
[edit]- dȏći pf (“to arrive”)
- ìzāći, ìzīći pf (“to go out, rise (Sun, Moon)”)
- mimòīći pf
- náći pf (“to find, meet”)
- nàdīći pf
- nàīći pf (“to come across, appear”)
- òbīći pf (“to circle, visit, rummage”)
- òtīći pf (“to leave, depart”)
- pȏći pf (“to go, start”)
- pòdīći pf (“to raise, lift, build”)
- prȇći, prijȇći pf (“to cross”)
- prȋći pf (“to approach”)
- prȏći pf (“to pass through, go along”)
- ràzīći pf (“to split”)
- sȋći pf (“to descend”)
- úći pf (“to go in”)
- ùnīći pf
- ùzīći pf (“to go up”)
- zȃći pf (“to go behind, to set (Sun, Moon)”)
References
[edit]- “ići”, in Hrvatski jezični portal (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
Categories:
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian verbs
- Serbo-Croatian palindromes
- Serbo-Croatian imperfective verbs
- Serbo-Croatian intransitive verbs
- Serbo-Croatian auxiliary verbs
- Serbo-Croatian informal terms
- Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples
- Serbo-Croatian irregular verbs