jurar

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Latin iūrāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ʒuˈɾa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [d͡ʒuˈɾaɾ]
• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

Verb

jurar (first-person singular present juro, first-person singular preterite jurí, past participle jurat)

1. to swear, to promise
2. to affirm

   Synonyms: afirmar, assegurar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of jurar (first conjugation)

infinitive			jurar
gerund			jurant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		jurat		jurada
		plural		jurats		jurades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	juro	jures	jura	jurem	jureu	juren
	imperfect	jurava	juraves	jurava	juràvem	juràveu	juraven
	future	juraré	juraràs	jurarà	jurarem	jurareu	juraran
	preterite	jurí	jurares	jurà	juràrem	juràreu	juraren
	conditional	juraria	juraries	juraria	juraríem	juraríeu	jurarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	juri	juris	juri	jurem	jureu	jurin
	imperfect	jurés	juressis	jurés	juréssim	juréssiu	juressin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	jura	juri	jurem	jureu	jurin
	negative (no)	—	no juris	no juri	no jurem	no jureu	no jurin

Related terms

• jurament
• jurat

References

• “jurar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “jurar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “jurar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “jurar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Occitan

Etymology

From Old Occitan jurar, from Latin jūrāre, iūrāre, present active infinitive of iūrō (“I swear”).

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

jurar

1. to promise; to swear

Conjugation

    Lengadocian (Central Occitan)

		simple			compound
infinitive		jurar			aver jurat
gerund		jurant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		jurat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	juri	juras	jura	juram	juratz	juran
	imperfect	juravi	juravas	jurava	juràvem	juràvetz	juravan
	preterite	jurèri	jurères	jurèt	jurèrem	jurèretz	jurèron
	future	jurarai	juraràs	jurarà	jurarem	juraretz	juraràn
	conditional	jurariái	jurariás	jurariá	jurariam	jurariatz	jurarián
	conditional 2nd form1	jurèra	jurèras	jurèra	jureram	jureratz	jurèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	jure	jures	jure	jurem	juretz	juren
	imperfect	jurèssi	jurèsses	jurèsse	jurèssem	jurèssetz	jurèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			jura		jurem	juratz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Auvernhàs

		simple			compound
infinitive		jurar			aver jurat
gerund		jurant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		jurat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	jure	jures	jura	juram	juratz	juron
	imperfect	jurave	juraves	jurava	juraviam	juraviatz	juravon
	preterite	jurere	jureres	juret	jurem	juretz	jureron
	future	jurarai	juraràs	jurará	jurarem	juraretz	jurarán
	conditional	jurariá	jurariás	jurariá	jurariam	jurariatz	jurarián
	conditional 2nd form1	jurèra	jurèras	jurèra	jureram	jureratz	jurèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	jure	jures	jure	jurassiam	jurassiatz	juron
	imperfect	juresse	juresses	juresse	juressiam	juressiatz	juresson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			jura		jurassiam	juratz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Gascon

		simple			compound
infinitive		jurar			aver jurat
gerund		jurant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		jurat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	juri	juras	jura	juram	juratz	juran
	imperfect	juravi	juravas	jurava	juràvam	juràvatz	juravan
	preterite	jurèi	jurès	jurè	jurèm	jurètz	jurèn
	future	jurarèi	juraràs	jurarà	juraram	juraratz	juraràn
	conditional	jurarí	jurarés	juraré	jurarem	juraretz	jurarén
	conditional 2nd form1	jurèra	jurèras	jurèra	jureram	jureratz	jurèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	juri	jures	jure	jurem	juretz	juren
	imperfect	jurèssi	jurèsses	jurèsse	jurèssem	jurèssetz	jurèssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			jura		jurem	juratz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Lemosin

		simple			compound
infinitive		jurar			aver jurat
gerund		jurant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		jurat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	jure	juras	jura	juram	juratz	juran
	imperfect	jurava	juravas	jurava	juràvam	juràvatz	juravan
	preterite	jurei	jureras	juret	jurèram	jurèratz	jureran
	future	jurarai	juraràs	jurará	jurarem	juraretz	jurarán
	conditional	jurariá	jurariàs	jurariá	jurariam	jurariatz	jurarián
	conditional 2nd form1	jurèra	jurèras	jurèra	jureram	jureratz	jurèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	jure	jures	jure	jurem	juretz	juren
	imperfect	jurèsse	jurèsses	jurèsse	jurèssem	jurèssetz	jurèssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			jura		jurem	juratz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Provençau

		simple			compound
infinitive		jurar			aver jurat
gerund		jurant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		jurat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	jure	jures	jura	juram	juratz	juran
	imperfect	juravi	juravas	jurava	juràvem	juràvetz	juravan
	preterite	jurère	jurères	jurèt	jureriam	jureriatz	jurèron
	future	jurarai	juraràs	jurarà	jurarem	juraretz	juraràn
	conditional	jurariáu	jurariás	jurariá	jurariam	jurariatz	jurarián
	conditional 2nd form1	jurèra	jurèras	jurèra	jureram	jureratz	jurèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	jure	jures	jure	jurem	juretz	juran
	imperfect	jurèsse	jurèsses	jurèsse	juressiam	juressiatz	jurèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			jura		jurem	juratz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

Old Occitan

Etymology

From Latin jūrāre, iūrāre, present active infinitive of iūrō (“I swear”).

Verb

jurar

1. to promise; to swear

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese jurar, from Latin jūrāre, iūrāre (“to swear”), from Proto-Italic *jowezāō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew-.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʒuˈɾa(ʁ)/ [ʒuˈɾa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʒuˈɾa(ʁ)/ [ʒuˈɾa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ʒuˈɾa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ʒuˈɾa(ʁ)/ [ʒuˈɾa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʒuˈɾa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʒuˈɾaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʒuˈɾaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʒuˈɾa.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: ju‧rar

Verb

jurar (first-person singular present juro, first-person singular preterite jurei, past participle jurado)

1. to swear (take an oath)

   Synonyms: afirmar, assegurar, asseverar, garantir, juramentar, prometer

Conjugation

    Conjugation of jurar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	jurar
Personal	jurar	jurares	jurar	jurarmos	jurardes	jurarem
Gerund
	jurando
Past participle
Masculine	jurado			jurados
Feminine	jurada			juradas
Indicative
Present	juro	juras	jura	juramos	jurais	juram
Imperfect	jurava	juravas	jurava	jurávamos	juráveis	juravam
Preterite	jurei	juraste	jurou	juramos1, jurámos2	jurastes	juraram
Pluperfect	jurara	juraras	jurara	juráramos	juráreis	juraram
Future	jurarei	jurarás	jurará	juraremos	jurareis	jurarão
Conditional	juraria	jurarias	juraria	juraríamos	juraríeis	jurariam
Subjunctive
Present	jure	jures	jure	juremos	jureis	jurem
Imperfect	jurasse	jurasses	jurasse	jurássemos	jurásseis	jurassem
Future	jurar	jurares	jurar	jurarmos	jurardes	jurarem
Imperative
Affirmative		jura	jure	juremos	jurai	jurem
Negative (não)		não jures	não jure	não juremos	não jureis	não jurem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Related terms

• jura
• jurado
• jurador
• juramentado
• juramentar
• juramento

 

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Latin iūrāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xuˈɾaɾ/ [xuˈɾaɾ]

• Audio (Venezuela):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: ju‧rar

Verb

jurar (first-person singular present juro, first-person singular preterite juré, past participle jurado)

1. (transitive) to swear; to take an oath

   Ha jurado guardarlo secreto

   He has sworn to keep it secret

2. (intransitive) to curse or swear

Conjugation

    Conjugation of jurar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			jurar
gerund			jurando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		jurado		jurada
		plural		jurados		juradas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	juro	jurastú jurásvos	jura	juramos	juráis	juran
	imperfect	juraba	jurabas	juraba	jurábamos	jurabais	juraban
	preterite	juré	juraste	juró	juramos	jurasteis	juraron
	future	juraré	jurarás	jurará	juraremos	juraréis	jurarán
	conditional	juraría	jurarías	juraría	juraríamos	juraríais	jurarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	jure	jurestú jurésvos2	jure	juremos	juréis	juren
	imperfect (ra)	jurara	juraras	jurara	juráramos	jurarais	juraran
	imperfect (se)	jurase	jurases	jurase	jurásemos	juraseis	jurasen
	future1	jurare	jurares	jurare	juráremos	jurareis	juraren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		juratú jurávos	jure	juremos	jurad	juren
	negative		no jures	no jure	no juremos	no juréis	no juren

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of jurar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive jurar
	dative	jurarme	jurarte	jurarle, jurarse	jurarnos	juraros	jurarles, jurarse
	accusative	jurarme	jurarte	jurarlo, jurarla, jurarse	jurarnos	juraros	jurarlos, jurarlas, jurarse
with gerund jurando
	dative	jurándome	jurándote	jurándole, jurándose	jurándonos	jurándoos	jurándoles, jurándose
	accusative	jurándome	jurándote	jurándolo, jurándola, jurándose	jurándonos	jurándoos	jurándolos, jurándolas, jurándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative jura
	dative	júrame	júrate	júrale	júranos	not used	júrales
	accusative	júrame	júrate	júralo, júrala	júranos	not used	júralos, júralas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative jurá
	dative	jurame	jurate	jurale	juranos	not used	jurales
	accusative	jurame	jurate	juralo, jurala	juranos	not used	juralos, juralas
with formal second-person singular imperative jure
	dative	júreme	not used	júrele, júrese	júrenos	not used	júreles
	accusative	júreme	not used	júrelo, júrela, júrese	júrenos	not used	júrelos, júrelas
with first-person plural imperative juremos
	dative	not used	jurémoste	jurémosle	jurémonos	jurémoos	jurémosles
	accusative	not used	jurémoste	jurémoslo, jurémosla	jurémonos	jurémoos	jurémoslos, jurémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative jurad
	dative	juradme	not used	juradle	juradnos	juraos	juradles
	accusative	juradme	not used	juradlo, juradla	juradnos	juraos	juradlos, juradlas
with formal second-person plural imperative juren
	dative	júrenme	not used	júrenle	júrennos	not used	júrenles, júrense
	accusative	júrenme	not used	júrenlo, júrenla	júrennos	not used	júrenlos, júrenlas, júrense

Derived terms

• jurar en falso
• jurársela
• juro a Diós
• vigilante jurado

 

Related terms

• conjurar
• jurado
• jurador
• juramento
• perjurar

 

Further reading

• “jurar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28