nosco

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Italian

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Etymology

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Derived from Vulgar Latin nōscum, from Latin nōbīscum (“with us”).

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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nosco (poetic, archaic)

  1. with us
    • 1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XXII”, in Purgatorio [Purgatory]‎[1], lines 106–108; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate]‎[2], 2nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:
      Euripide v’è nosco e Antifonte,
      Simonide, Agatone e altri piùe
      Greci che già di lauro ornar la fronte.
      With us is Euripides, and Antiphon, [and] Simonides, [and] Agatho, and many more Greeks who adorned their foreheads with laurel.
    • 1810 [c. 8th century BCE], “Libro IV”, in Vincenzo Monti, transl., Iliade, translation of Ῑ̓λιάς (Īliás, Iliad) by Homer (in Epic Greek), lines 284–289; republished as Iliade di Omero‎[3], 4th edition, Milan: Società tipografica dei classici italiani, 1825:
      […] chi primiero
      L’accordo vïolò, pasto vedrassi
      Di voraci avoltoi, mentre captive
      Le dilette lor mogli in un co’ figli
      Noi nosco condurremo, Ilio distrutto.
      [original: ἀλλ’ οἵ περ πρότεροι ὑπὲρ ὅρκια δηλήσαντο
      τῶν ἤτοι αὐτῶν τέρενα χρόα γῦπες ἔδονται,
      ἡμεῖς αὖτ’ ἀλόχους τε φίλας καὶ νήπια τέκνα
      ἄξομεν ἐν νήεσσιν, ἐπὴν πτολίεθρον ἕλωμεν.      ]
      all’ hoí per próteroi hupèr hórkia dēlḗsanto
      tôn ḗtoi autôn térena khróa gûpes édontai,
      hēmeîs aût’ alókhous te phílas kaì nḗpia tékna
      áxomen en nḗessin, epḕn ptolíethron hélōmen.
      Those who first broke the agreement, will find themselves [being a] meal for voracious vultures, as we take with us their beloved wives—together with their children—as prisoners, [once] Troy [is] destroyed.
  2. (by extension) among us
  3. (by extension) towards or against us
  4. (by extension) in our time

See also

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Further reading

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  • nosco in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication

Anagrams

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Latin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-
    Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti
    Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃sḱéti
    Proto-Italic *gnōskō
    Latin nōscō

    From earlier gnōscō, from Proto-Italic *gnōskō, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃sḱéti.

    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    nōscō (present infinitive nōscere, perfect active nōvī, supine nōtum); third conjugation

    1. to become acquainted with something, learn about it, to be aware of
      Synonyms: intellegō, cognosco, cerno, tongeo, prehendō
      • c. 45 BCE, Cicero, Tusculan Disputations 1.52:
        Cum igitur "nosce te" dicit, hoc dicit: "nosce animum tuum". Nam corpus quidem quasi vas est aut aliquod animi receptaculum.
        Therefore when he [the Pythian Apollo] says, "Know thyself", this is what it means: "Know your mind". The body is of course like a vase, or some other container for the mind.
    2. (in perfect tenses and past participle) to know, recognize, be acquainted with, i.e.; in possession of knowledge
      Synonyms: agnōscō, cognōscō, inveniō, sentiō, cōnsciō, sapiō, sciō, scīscō, intellegō, percipiō, discernō, tongeō, cernō, audiō
      Antonyms: ignōrō, nesciō
      • 2 CE, Ovid, The Art of Love 1.1–2:
        Sī quis in hōc artem populō nōn nōvit amandī, / hoc legat et lēctō carmine doctus amet.
        If anyone does not know the art of loving, may they read this, and having both read the poem and been taught, love.
      • Hīc Nātus Ubīque Nōtus
        Born Here, Known Everywhere (motto of the Allende Institute in reference to Ignacio de Allende)
    3. (rare) to recognize someone, be familiar with
      Synonyms: recognōscō, cognōscō, agnōscō
    4. (euphemistic) to have had sex with, have ever slept with
      Synonym: cognōscō
      • c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, 72 :
        Dīcēbās quondam sōlum tē nōsse Catullum, / Lesbia, nec prae mē velle tenēre Iovem.
        You used to say, some time ago, that you only ever slept with [me] Catullus, Lesbia, and that you didn't want to hold [even] Jupiter more than me.
    5. to accept a reason or excuse
      Synonyms: accipiō, cōnservō
    6. (Late Latin, Christianity, in the perfect) to acknowledge, submit to (God)
      • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Acta Apostolorum.19.15:
        Respondens autem spiritus nequam dixit eis, Iesum novi et Paulum scio, vos autem qui estis?
        A wicked spirit replied to them, "I acknowledge Jesus, and I know Paul, but who are all of you?

    Conjugation

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       Conjugation of nōscō (third conjugation)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present nōscō nōscis nōscit nōscimus nōscitis nōscunt
    imperfect nōscēbam nōscēbās nōscēbat nōscēbāmus nōscēbātis nōscēbant
    future nōscam nōscēs nōscet nōscēmus nōscētis nōscent
    perfect nōvī nōvistī,
    nōstī1     		nōvit nōvimus,
    nōmus1     		nōvistis,
    nōstis1     		nōvērunt,
    nōvēre,
    nōrunt1
    pluperfect nōveram,
    nōram1     		nōverās,
    nōrās1     		nōverat,
    nōrat1     		nōverāmus,
    nōrāmus1     		nōverātis,
    nōrātis1     		nōverant,
    nōrant1
    future perfect nōverō,
    nōrō1     		nōveris,
    nōris1     		nōverit,
    nōrit1     		nōverimus,
    nōrimus1     		nōveritis,
    nōritis1     		nōverint,
    nōrint1
    passive present nōscor nōsceris,
    nōscere     		nōscitur nōscimur nōsciminī nōscuntur
    imperfect nōscēbar nōscēbāris,
    nōscēbāre     		nōscēbātur nōscēbāmur nōscēbāminī nōscēbantur
    future nōscar nōscēris,
    nōscēre     		nōscētur nōscēmur nōscēminī nōscentur
    perfect nōtus + present active indicative of sum
    pluperfect nōtus + imperfect active indicative of sum
    future perfect nōtus + future active indicative of sum
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present nōscam nōscās nōscat nōscāmus nōscātis nōscant
    imperfect nōscerem nōscerēs nōsceret nōscerēmus nōscerētis nōscerent
    perfect nōverim,
    nōrim1     		nōverīs,
    nōrīs1     		nōverit,
    nōrit1     		nōverīmus,
    nōrīmus1     		nōverītis,
    nōrītis1     		nōverint,
    nōrint1
    pluperfect nōvissem,
    nōssem1     		nōvissēs,
    nōssēs1     		nōvisset,
    nōsset1     		nōvissēmus,
    nōssēmus1     		nōvissētis,
    nōssētis1     		nōvissent,
    nōssent1
    passive present nōscar nōscāris,
    nōscāre     		nōscātur nōscāmur nōscāminī nōscantur
    imperfect nōscerer nōscerēris,
    nōscerēre     		nōscerētur nōscerēmur nōscerēminī nōscerentur
    perfect nōtus + present active subjunctive of sum
    pluperfect nōtus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — nōsce — — nōscite —
    future — nōscitō nōscitō — nōscitōte nōscuntō
    passive present — nōscere — — nōsciminī —
    future — nōscitor nōscitor — — nōscuntor
    non-finite forms active passive
    present perfect future present perfect future
    infinitives nōscere nōvisse,
    nōsse1     		nōtūrum esse nōscī nōtum esse nōtum īrī
    participles nōscēns — nōtūrus — nōtus nōscendus,
    nōscundus
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    nōscendī nōscendō nōscendum nōscendō nōtum nōtū

    1The verb "nōscō" and its compounds frequently drop the syllables "vi" and "ve" from their perfect, pluperfect and future perfect conjugations.

    Derived terms

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    References

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    • “nosco”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “nosco”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • nosco in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[4], London: Macmillan and Co.
      • to be acquainted with the history of one's own land: domestica (externa) nosse
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