peng- -an

Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay peng- -an.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pəŋ an/

Circumfix

peng- -an

1. the action expressed by the transitive verb [base]

   ‎terjemah (“to translate”) → ‎penerjemahan (“translation (process)”)

   ‎tulis (“to write”) → ‎penulisan (“writing”)

   ‎serah (“to hand over”) → ‎penyerahan (“surrendering”)

2. the object of an action [base]

   ‎tahu (“to know”) → ‎pengetahuan (“knowledge”)

   ‎temu (“to meet, to encounter”) → ‎penemuan (“discovery”)

3. the place of an action [base]

   ‎bakar (“to burn”) → ‎pembakaran (“burning place”)

   ‎cuci (“to wash”) → ‎pencucian (“laundry”)

   ‎giling (“to roll”) → ‎penggilingan (“mill”)

Derived terms

Indonesian terms circumfixed with peng- -an

References

• Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa (2017) Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia [Standard Grammar of Indonesian Language]‎^[1] (in Indonesian), 4 edition, Jakarta: Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, →ISBN, archived from the original on 13 June 2022
• James N. Sneddon (2010) Indonesian : a comprehensive grammar, 2 edition, London: Roultedge, →ISBN, →OCLC

Malay

Etymology

Combination of affixes peng- and -an.

Pronunciation

• (before /l/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /ɲ/, /r/, /w/, /j/) IPA^(key): /pə an/
• (before /b/, /p/, /f/) IPA^(key): /pəm an/
• (before /t͡ʃ/, /d/, /d͡ʒ/, /t/, /z/) IPA^(key): /pən an/
• (before /ɡ/, /h/, /k/, vowels) IPA^(key): /pəŋ an/
• (before /s/) IPA^(key): /pəɲ an/
• (before monosyllabic roots) IPA^(key): /pəŋə an/

Circumfix

peng- -an (Jawi spelling ڤڠ- -ن)

1. the action expressed by the transitive verb [base]

   ‎terjemah (“to translate”) → ‎penterjemahan (“translation (process)”)

   ‎tulis (“to write”) → ‎penulisan (“writing”)

   ‎serah (“to hand over”) → ‎penyerahan (“surrendering”)

2. the object of an action [base]

   ‎tahu (“to know”) → ‎pengetahuan (“knowledge”)

   ‎temu (“to meet, to encounter”) → ‎penemuan (“discovery”)

3. the place of an action [base]

   ‎gantung (“to hang”) → ‎penggantungan (“hanging place”)

   ‎cuci (“to wash”) → ‎pencucian (“laundry”)

   ‎darat (“land”) → ‎pendaratan (“landing place”)

Derived terms

Malay terms circumfixed with peng- -an

References

• Karim, Nik Safiah, M. Onn, Farid, Haji Musa, Hashim, Mahmood, Abdul Hamid (2008) Tatabahasa Dewan‎^[2] (in Malay), 3 edition, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, pages 121–126