toga

See also: Toga, TOGA, togă, togą, tóga, Tóga, and tɔgã

English

English Wikipedia has an article on:

toga

Etymology

Borrowed directly from Latin toga, from tegō (“I clothe”). Doublet of toge. The Philippine (and Indonesian) senses are due to the resemblance of the white ceremonial gowns worn by graduates of institutions to the loose outer garment worn by the citizens of Ancient Rome.

Pronunciation

(UK) IPA^(key): /ˈtəʊ.ɡə/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
(US) IPA^(key): /ˈtoʊ.ɡə/
Audio (US): (file)
Rhymes: -əʊɡə

Noun

toga (plural togas or togae or togæ)

A loose outer garment worn by the citizens of Ancient Rome.
- 1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 196:
  Or think of a decent young citizen in a toga - perhaps too much dice, you know - coming out here in the train of some prefect, or tax-gatherer, or trader even, to mend his fortunes.
A loose wrap gown.
(Philippines, Indonesia) cap and gown; ceremonial gown or robe (worn by a graduate, lawyer, judge, professor etc.)

Synonyms

toge (obsolete)

Derived terms

Related terms

togate

Translations

loose outer garment worn by the citizens of Ancient Rome

Catalan: toga (ca) f
Czech: tóga (cs) f
Danish: toga c
Esperanto: togo
Finnish: tooga (fi)
French: toge (fr) f
Middle French: togue f
Galician: toga f
German: Toga (de) f
Greek: τόγκα f (tógka), τήβεννος (el) f (tívennos)
Hungarian: tóga (hu)
Italian: toga (it) f
Korean: 토가 (ko) (toga)
Latin: toga (la) f
Maltese: toga f
Marathi: टोगा m (ṭogā)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: toga m

Nynorsk: toga m
Polish: toga (pl) f
Portuguese: toga (pt) f
Romanian: togă (ro) f
Russian: то́га (ru) f (tóga)
Slovak: tóga f
Spanish: toga (es) f
Turkish: toga (tr)

loose wrap gown

Finnish: tooga (fi)
German: Toga (de) f
Italian: toga (it) f
Marathi: टोगा m (ṭogā)
Polish: toga (pl) f
Russian: то́га (ru) f (tóga)
Spanish: toga (es) f

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Hebrew: ^{(please verify)} טוגה (toga) f
Slovak: ^{(please verify)} tóga f

Anagrams

G. O. A. T., G.O.A.T., GOAT, Goat, Gøta, atgo, go at, goat

Cebuano

Noun

toga

an academic gown
(historical) loose outer garment worn by the citizens of Rome

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin toga.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈtoː.ɣaː/
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: to‧ga
Rhymes: -oːɣaː

Noun

toga f (plural toga's, diminutive togaatje n)

(historical) a toga, an outer garment worn by Roman patrician men
a gown worn by academics, Christian priests or ministers, and certain members of the legal profession

Hypernyms

ambtskleed

Descendants

Afrikaans: toga

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse toga, from Proto-Germanic *tugōną; cognate with English tow.

Verb

toga (third person singular past indicative togaði, third person plural past indicative togaðu, supine togað)

to pull

Conjugation

Conjugation of toga (group v-30)
infinitive	toga
supine	togað
participle (a6)¹	togandi	togaður
	present	past
first singular	togi	togaði
second singular	togar	togaði
third singular	togar	togaði
plural	toga	togaðu
	imperative
singular	toga!
plural	togið!
¹Only the past participle being declined.

Finnish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈto(ː)ɡɑ/, [ˈt̪o̞(ː)ɡɑ̝]
Rhymes: -oɡɑ
Hyphenation^(key): to‧ga

Noun

toga

Alternative form of tooga

Declension

Inflection of toga (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		toga	togat
genitive		togan	togien
partitive		togaa	togia
illative		togaan	togiin
		singular	plural
nominative		toga	togat
accusative	nom.	toga	togat
accusative	gen.	togan	togat
genitive		togan	togien togain ^rare
partitive		togaa	togia
inessive		togassa	togissa
elative		togasta	togista
illative		togaan	togiin
adessive		togalla	togilla
ablative		togalta	togilta
allative		togalle	togille
essive		togana	togina
translative		togaksi	togiksi
abessive		togatta	togitta
instructive		—	togin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of toga (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		togani	togani
accusative	nom.	togani	togani
accusative	gen.	togani	togani
genitive		togani	togieni togaini ^rare
partitive		togaani	togiani
inessive		togassani	togissani
elative		togastani	togistani
illative		togaani	togiini
adessive		togallani	togillani
ablative		togaltani	togiltani
allative		togalleni	togilleni
essive		toganani	toginani
translative		togakseni	togikseni
abessive		togattani	togittani
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	togineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		togasi	togasi
accusative	nom.	togasi	togasi
accusative	gen.	togasi	togasi
genitive		togasi	togiesi togaisi ^rare
partitive		togaasi	togiasi
inessive		togassasi	togissasi
elative		togastasi	togistasi
illative		togaasi	togiisi
adessive		togallasi	togillasi
ablative		togaltasi	togiltasi
allative		togallesi	togillesi
essive		toganasi	toginasi
translative		togaksesi	togiksesi
abessive		togattasi	togittasi
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	toginesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		togamme	togamme
accusative	nom.	togamme	togamme
accusative	gen.	togamme	togamme
genitive		togamme	togiemme togaimme ^rare
partitive		togaamme	togiamme
inessive		togassamme	togissamme
elative		togastamme	togistamme
illative		togaamme	togiimme
adessive		togallamme	togillamme
ablative		togaltamme	togiltamme
allative		togallemme	togillemme
essive		toganamme	toginamme
translative		togaksemme	togiksemme
abessive		togattamme	togittamme
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	toginemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		toganne	toganne
accusative	nom.	toganne	toganne
accusative	gen.	toganne	toganne
genitive		toganne	togienne togainne ^rare
partitive		togaanne	togianne
inessive		togassanne	togissanne
elative		togastanne	togistanne
illative		togaanne	togiinne
adessive		togallanne	togillanne
ablative		togaltanne	togiltanne
allative		togallenne	togillenne
essive		togananne	toginanne
translative		togaksenne	togiksenne
abessive		togattanne	togittanne
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	toginenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		togansa	togansa
accusative	nom.	togansa	togansa
accusative	gen.	togansa	togansa
genitive		togansa	togiensa togainsa ^rare
partitive		togaansa	togiaan togiansa
inessive		togassaan togassansa	togissaan togissansa
elative		togastaan togastansa	togistaan togistansa
illative		togaansa	togiinsa
adessive		togallaan togallansa	togillaan togillansa
ablative		togaltaan togaltansa	togiltaan togiltansa
allative		togalleen togallensa	togilleen togillensa
essive		toganaan toganansa	toginaan toginansa
translative		togakseen togaksensa	togikseen togiksensa
abessive		togattaan togattansa	togittaan togittansa
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	togineen toginensa

Anagrams

gota

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse toga, from Proto-Germanic *tugōną; cognate with English tow.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈtʰɔːɣa/
Rhymes: -ɔːɣa

Verb

toga (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative togaði, supine togað)

(transitive, intransitive, governs the accusative) to pull, to draw, to tug
(transitive, intransitive, governs the accusative) to trawl

Inflection

toga — active voice (germynd)

	Forms with appended personal pronoun
infinitive (nafnháttur)		að toga
supine (sagnbót)		togað
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		togandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég toga	við togum	present (nútíð)	ég togi	við togum
	þú togar	þið togið		þú togir	þið togið
	hann, hún, það togar	þeir, þær, þau toga		hann, hún, það togi	þeir, þær, þau togi

past (þátíð)	ég togaði	við toguðum	past (þátíð)	ég togaði	við toguðum
	þú togaðir	þið toguðuð		þú togaðir	þið toguðuð
	hann, hún, það togaði	þeir, þær, þau toguðu		hann, hún, það togaði	þeir, þær, þau toguðu

imperative (boðháttur)	toga (þú)	togið (þið)
	togaðu	togiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

togast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

	Forms with appended personal pronoun
infinitive (nafnháttur)		að togast
supine (sagnbót)		togast
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		togandist the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég togast	við togumst	present (nútíð)	ég togist	við togumst
	þú togast	þið togist		þú togist	þið togist
	hann, hún, það togast	þeir, þær, þau togast		hann, hún, það togist	þeir, þær, þau togist

past (þátíð)	ég togaðist	við toguðumst	past (þátíð)	ég togaðist	við toguðumst
	þú togaðist	þið toguðust		þú togaðist	þið toguðust
	hann, hún, það togaðist	þeir, þær, þau toguðust		hann, hún, það togaðist	þeir, þær, þau toguðust

imperative (boðháttur)	togast (þú)	togist (þið)
	togastu	togisti *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

togaður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
strong declension (sterk beyging)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	togaður	toguð	togað	togaðir	togaðar	toguð
accusative (þolfall)	togaðan	togaða	togað	togaða	togaðar	toguð
dative (þágufall)	toguðum	togaðri	toguðu	toguðum	toguðum	toguðum
genitive (eignarfall)	togaðs	togaðrar	togaðs	togaðra	togaðra	togaðra

weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
weak declension (veik beyging)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	togaði	togaða	togaða	toguðu	toguðu	toguðu
accusative (þolfall)	togaða	toguðu	togaða	toguðu	toguðu	toguðu
dative (þágufall)	togaða	toguðu	togaða	toguðu	toguðu	toguðu
genitive (eignarfall)	togaða	toguðu	togaða	toguðu	toguðu	toguðu

Synonyms

(pull): draga

Derived terms

hártogun
hlaupa eins og fætur toga (to run as fast as one can)
toga í eitthvað (to pull on something)
togast
togast á um (to fight over something, to contend for something)

Italian

Italian Wikipedia has an article on:

toga

Wikipedia ^it

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin toga.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈtɔ.ɡa/
Rhymes: -ɔɡa
Hyphenation: tò‧ga

Noun

toga f (plural toghe)

toga
gown, robe
magistrate, judge
(by extension) lawyer

Related terms

Anagrams

Tago, gota, tago

Japanese

Romanization

toga

Rōmaji transcription of とが

Latin

Latin Wikipedia has an article on:

toga

Wikipedia ^la

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *togā, from Proto-Indo-European *togéh₂ (“cover”), from *(s)teg- (“to cover”) (whence tegō).

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈto.ɡa/, [ˈt̪ɔɡä]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈto.ɡa/, [ˈt̪ɔːɡä]

Noun

toga f (genitive togae); first declension

toga
Toga candida.
Pure white toga.
a garment
a roof
(figuratively) a client
(figuratively) peace

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	toga	togae
genitive	togae	togārum
dative	togae	togīs
accusative	togam	togās
ablative	togā	togīs
vocative	toga	togae

Derived terms

Descendants

→ English: toga
→ French: toge
→ Italian: toga
→ Spanish: toga

References

“toga”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
toga in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to assume the toga virilis: togam virilem (puram) sumere

Northern Sami

Etymology

Borrowed from Norwegian tog, Swedish tåg.

Pronunciation

(Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈtʰoːka/

Noun

tōga

(Norway, Sweden) train
Synonym: juná

Inflection

Even a-stem, no gradation

Nominative

tōga

Genitive

tōga

Singular

Plural

Nominative

tōga

tōgat

Accusative

tōga

tōgaid

Genitive

tōga

Illative

Locative

Comitative

Essive

Possessive forms
	Singular	Dual	Plural
1st person	tōgan	tōgame	tōgamet
2nd person	tōgat	tōgade	tōgadet
3rd person	tōgas	tōgaska	tōgaset

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

togene

Noun

toga n

definite plural of tog

Etymology 2

Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:

toga

Wikipedia ^no

From Latin toga.

Noun

toga m (definite singular togaen, indefinite plural togaer, definite plural togaene)

a toga (Roman garment)

References

“toga” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
“toga” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Noun

toga n

definite plural of tog

Etymology 2

Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:

toga

Wikipedia ⁿⁿ

From Latin toga.

Noun

toga m (definite singular togaen, indefinite plural togaer or togaar, definite plural togaene or togaane)

a toga (Roman garment)

References

“toga” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Alternative forms

toha

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *togō (“leader”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈto.ɡɑ/, [ˈto.ɣɑ]

Noun

toga m

leader (only found in compounds)

Derived terms

Related terms

References

Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “toga”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎^[4], 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Old Irish

Alternative forms

tog

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈtoɣa/

Verb

toga

second-person singular imperative of do·goa

Mutation

Mutation of *toga*
radical	lenition	nasalization
toga	thoga	toga pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *tugōną.

Verb

toga

to draw, pull, stretch

Conjugation

Conjugation of toga — active (weak class 2)

indicative	present	past
infinitive	toga
present participle	togandi
past participle	togaðr
1st-person singular	toga	togaða
2nd-person singular	togar	togaðir
3rd-person singular	togar	togaði
1st-person plural	togum	toguðum
2nd-person plural	togið	toguðuð
3rd-person plural	toga	toguðu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	toga	togaða
2nd-person singular	togir	togaðir
3rd-person singular	togi	togaði
1st-person plural	togim	togaðim
2nd-person plural	togið	togaðið
3rd-person plural	togi	togaði
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	toga
1st-person plural	togum
2nd-person plural	togið

Conjugation of toga — mediopassive (weak class 2)

indicative	present	past
infinitive	togask
present participle	togandisk
past participle	togazk
1st-person singular	togumk	toguðumk
2nd-person singular	togask	togaðisk
3rd-person singular	togask	togaðisk
1st-person plural	togumsk	toguðumsk
2nd-person plural	togizk	toguðuzk
3rd-person plural	togask	toguðusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	togumk	toguðumk
2nd-person singular	togisk	togaðisk
3rd-person singular	togisk	togaðisk
1st-person plural	togimsk	togaðimsk
2nd-person plural	togizk	togaðizk
3rd-person plural	togisk	togaðisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	togask
1st-person plural	togumsk
2nd-person plural	togizk

Descendants

Faroese: toga
Icelandic: toga
Norwegian Nynorsk: toge

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

toga

indefinite genitive plural of tog

References

“toga”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

toga

Wikipedia ^pl

toga sense 1

toga sense 2

toga sense 4

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin toga.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈtɔ.ɡa/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ɔɡa
Syllabification: to‧ga

Noun

toga f

(Ancient Rome, historical) toga (traditional garment of men in Ancient Rome, corresponding to the stola worn by women)
Coordinate term: stola
(education) academic dress (traditional form of clothing for academic settings, mainly tertiary (and sometimes secondary) education, worn mainly by those who have obtained a university degree (or similar), or hold a status that entitles them to assume them (e.g., undergraduate students at certain old universities))
(law) toga (long, loose outfit of judges, lawyers, and prosecutors, worn for official occasions)
(Protestantism) toga (robe of evangelical clergy)

Declension

Declension of toga

	singular	plural
nominative	toga	togi
genitive	togi	tog/tóg
dative	todze	togom
accusative	togę	togi
instrumental	togą	togami
locative	todze	togach
vocative	togo	togi

Related terms

nouns

togat

Portuguese

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈtɔ.ɡɐ/
- (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈtɔ.ɡa/

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈtɔ.ɡɐ/ [ˈtɔ.ɣɐ]

Hyphenation: to‧ga

Noun

toga f (plural togas)

toga (loose outer garment worn by the citizens of ancient Rome)

Samoan

Etymology

See also Malay tengah (“centre”) and Maori tonga (“south”)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /to.ŋa/

Noun

toga

south

Adjective

toga

southern

Derived terms

Toga (“Tonga”)

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /tǒːɡa/
Hyphenation: to‧ga

Etymology 1

Noun

tóga f (Cyrillic spelling то́га)

toga, gown

Declension

Declension of toga

	singular	plural
nominative	toga	toge
genitive	toge	toga
dative	togi	togama
accusative	togu	toge
vocative	togo	toge
locative	togi	togama
instrumental	togom	togama

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

toga

inflection of taj:
1. genitive masculine/neuter
2. accusative masculine animate

Slovene

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tǫga.

Noun

tọ́ga f

sadness (state/emotion)
Synonym: žálost

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin toga.

Noun

tọ́ga f

toga (garment worn by the citizens of Ancient Rome)

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

tóga

inflection of tog:

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈtoɡa/ [ˈt̪o.ɣ̞a]
Rhymes: -oɡa
Syllabification: to‧ga

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin toga.

Noun

toga f (plural togas)

toga
(ceremonial) gown; (ceremonial) robe (worn by a lawyer, judge, graduate, professor etc.)

Verb

toga

only used in se toga, third-person singular present indicative of togarse
only used in te ... toga, syntactic variant of tógate, second-person singular imperative of togarse

Etymology 2

Back slang for gato.

Noun

toga m (plural togas)

(back slang, slang, Argentina) cat

Anagrams

gato, gota

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish toga, from Latin toga.

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈtoɡa/ [ˈt̪oː.ɣɐ]
Rhymes: -oɡa
Syllabification: to‧ga

Noun

toga (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜄ)

cap and gown; ceremonial gown or robe (worn by a graduate, lawyer, judge, professor etc.)
toga (garment used by the citizens of ancient Rome)

Derived terms

magtoga

Anagrams

gota, taog, tago

West Makian

Etymology

Compare East Makian togal (“to pull”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈt̪o.ɡa/

Verb

toga

(transitive) to pull
(transitive) to lift up (from water)
(transitive) to pull up (an anchor)

Conjugation

Conjugation of toga (action verb)
		singular	plural
		singular	inclusive	exclusive
1st person		totoga	motoga	atoga
2nd person		notoga	fotoga
3rd person	inanimate	itoga	dotoga
3rd person	animate	itoga	dotoga
imperative		notoga, toga	fotoga, toga

References

James Collins (1982) Further Notes Towards a West Makian Vocabulary‎^[5], Pacific linguistics
Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[6], Pacific linguistics

toga

English

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

See also

Anagrams

Cebuano

Noun

Dutch

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Hypernyms

Descendants

Faroese

Etymology

Verb

Conjugation

Finnish

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Further reading

Anagrams

Icelandic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Inflection

Synonyms

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Italian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Related terms

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Japanese

Romanization

Latin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

References

Northern Sami

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

Further reading

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Noun

Etymology 2

Noun

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Noun

Etymology 2

Noun

References

Old English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Related terms

References

Old Irish