Evaluación de Crudos

Evaluacin de
Crudos en el
Laboratorio
8ULHO1DYDUUR8ULEH4XtPLFR3K'
3$5$48(&$5$&7(5,=$026
3$5$48(&$5$&7(5,=$026
<(9$/8$02681&58'2"
<(9$/8$02681&58'2"
Ev a l u a c i n d e Cr u d o s
'HILQLUORVPHMRUHVHVTXHPDVGHPH]FODGRGHFUXGRV
'HILQLUVXXWLOL]DFLyQHOHVTXHPDGHUHILQDFLyQ
3UHGHFLU FRQGLFLRQHV GH RSHUDFLyQ UHQGLPLHQWRV \ FDOLGDG GH

SURGXFWRV
6RSRUWDU OD IRUPXODFLyQ GH FUXGRV VLQWpWLFRV UHTXHULPLHQWRV GHO
PHUFDGRHVTXHPDVGHUHILQDFLyQ\FDOLGDGGHSURGXFWRV
)DFLOLWDU WRPD GH GHFLVLRQHV HVWXGLDQGR VXV HIHFWRV \ EHQHILFLRV HQ

ORVQHJRFLRVRSHUDWLYRVFRQHOPD\RUYDORUDJUHJDGRHQORVSURFHVRV
GHUHILQDFLyQ
3DUDGHILQLUVXSUHFLR\FRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQ
&RQWULEXLUDXQPD\RUFRQRFLPLHQWRGHO\DFLPLHQWR
)DFLOLWDU VX WUDQVSRUWH PHGLDQWH PpWRGRV FRQYHQFLRQDOHV \ QR

FRQYHQFLRQDOHV
Evaluacin de Crudos
Tipo I
Tipo II
Tipo III
(YDOXDFLyQ7,32,&DUDFWHUL]DFLyQ)LVLFRTXtPLFDGHO&UXGR
$3,'HQVLGDG
1~PHURGH1HXWUDOL]DFLyQ
3UHVLyQGHYDSRU593
3XQWRGH)OXLGH]
&WH 9*&
)DFWRU.823
0HWDOHV1L91D&D0J
9LVFRVLGDGD&
&RQWHQLGRGH$JXDP
&RQWHQLGRGH$]XIUHP
5HVLGXRGH&DUEyQ&RQUDGVRQP
/LJKW(QGV/LYLDQRVSRU*&P
'HVWLODFLyQ6LPXODGD
&HQL]DVP
&HUDVP
,QVROXEOHVHQQ+HSWDQR $VIDOWHQRVP
&RQWHQLGRGHVDOOEEDUULO
'HSHQGHGHOFOLHQWH
\GHVXVREMHWLYRV
GHORTXHHOFOLHQWH
TXLHUD"""""
Evaluacin Tipo II
&DUDFWHUL]DFLyQWLSR,\XQSHUILOGHORVSULQFLSDOHVUHQGLPLHQWRV
GHDFXHUGRFRQODVQHFHVLGDGHVGHOFOLHQWH
&UXGR
'HVWLODFLyQ
$WPRVIpULFD
&UXGR
5HGXFLGR
*DVHV
1DIWD/LYLDQD
1DIWD3HVDGD
'LHVHO
'HVWLO
DOYDFtR
*DVyOHRVGH9DFtR
)RQGRVGHYDFtR
&DUDFWHUL]DFLyQSDUFLDOGHIUDFFLRQHV
$3,
6
9LVFRVLGDG
*&'
Evaluacin Tipo III
(VODHYDOXDFLyQPiVFRPSOHWD&DUDFWHUL]DFLyQ7LSR,6HREWLHQHQ
PiVIUDFFLRQHVFRQVXVUHQGLPLHQWRV\VHFDUDFWHUL]DQFRPSOHWDPHQWH
&UXGR
'HVWLODFLyQ
$WPRVIpULFD
&UXGR
5HGXFLGR
3UHGLFFLyQGH
FDOLGDGGHFRUWHV
*DVHV
1DIWD/LYLDQD
1DIWD3HVDGD
&DUDFWHUL]DFLyQ
FRPSOHWDGH
ODVIUDFFLRQHV
.HURVHQR
$&30/LYLDQR
$&303HVDGR
'HVWLO
DOYDFtR
'HVW/LYLDQR
'HVW0HGLR
'HVW3HVDGR
)RQGRVGH9DFtR
PA SSM A N
3UHGLFFLyQGHFDOLGDGGH
PH]FODVGHFUXGRV
'HVWLODFLyQGH&UXGRV)UDFFLRQHV/LYLDQDV
*DVHV
&RUWH
1DIWD
1DIWD
1DIWD
1DIWD
1DIWD
.HURVHQR
.HURVHQR
$&30
$&30
$&30
&UXGRUHGXFLGR
*DV
5DQJR&
1

1

1
1
1
.
.
$F
$F
$F
&5

&
,QJ4XLP.DWKHULQH 2UR]FR
'HVWLODFLyQGHFUXGRV)UDFFLRQHV3HVDGDV
&RUWH
5DQJR&
&UXGRUHGXFLGR
&5
*DVyOHRGHYDFtR
*/9

*39

*DVyOHRGHYDFtR
*DVyOHRGHYDFtR
*DVyOHRGHYDFtR
*DVyOHRGHYDFtR
)RQGRVGHYDFtR
*/9
*09
*39
)9
&

&
,QJ4XLP.DWKHULQH 2UR]FR
3URSLHGDGHV
$QiOLVLVGH*&
$3,'HQVLGDG&
$]XIUHSSP
11PJ .2+J
)DFWRU.823,QG&RUUHO
6'LV6LP'LV
3,21$
)UDFFLRQHV
/LYLDQDV
,QG5HIUDFFLyQ
3WR GHDQLOLQD
1DIWDOHQRV
+105
$QiOLVLV1,5,5
521021SRU,5
+&SRU06
9LVF&9LVF&
93R
3WRGH,QIODPDFLyQ
3WR&RQJHODFLyQ
3WR)OXLGH]
5&&GHV,QG&HW
*DV
1
1
1
1
1
.
.
$
$
$
X
X
X
X
/X
/X
/X
/X
X
X
/X
&DUDFWHUL]DFLyQGH)UDFFLRQHV3HVDGDV
$1$/,6,6
0pWRGR
&UXGR5HG $&303HV
*DVyOHRV
& & &
&
D-2887
[
[
[
[
'HVWLODFLyQ*&'
)DFWRUGHFDUDFWHUL]DFLyQ UOP-375
[
[
[
*UDYHGDG$3,(VSHFLILFD D-4052
[
[
[
[
3HVR0ROHFXODU
[
[
[
[
D-1218
,QGGHUHIUDFFLyQ&
[
[
[
D-976
,QGLFHGHFHWDQR
[
D-1552
&RQWHQLGRGHD]XIUH
[
[
[
[
D-611
3XQWRGHDQLOLQD
[
[
[
D-97
3XQWRGHIOXLGH]
[
[
[
D-56
3XQWRGHLQIODPDFLyQ
[
D-4055
,QVROXEOHVQ&
[
[
UOP-614
,QVROXEOHVQ&
D-36
3XQWRGHDEODQGDPLHQWR
D-445
9LVFRVLGDGDGRVWHPS
[
[
[
[
D-4402
9LVFRVLGDGDGRVWHPS
D-1322
3XQWRGH+XPR
[
3RUFHQWDMHHQFHUDV
UOP Mod.
[
[
D-240
3RGHUFDORUtILFR
[
D-4530
&DUEyQ&RQUDGVRQ
[
[
[
[
D-664
1~PHURQHXWUDOL]DFLyQ
[
[
[
[
D-5291
&+12P
[
[
[
[
5HODFLyQ+&
[
[
[
[
D-5863
&RQWHQLGRGHPHWDOHV
&DOFLR
[
[
&REUH
[
[
+LHUUR
[
[
0DJQHVLR
[
[
1tTXHO
[
[
6RGLR
[
[
9DQDGLR
[
[
D-2265
3XQWRGHJRWHR&
[
3HQHWUDFLyQ&PP D-321
[
&UDTXHDELOLGDG0$7
[
[
[
[
7LSRGH+&06P
[
[
[
$QiOLVLV6$5$P
[
[
[
)RQGRV
& &
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[

'3

'/

$&3

$&/

.(5

13

1/

$3,&)
'H QV LGDGD&JFF
$]XIUH Z
5&&Z
11PJ.2+J
593SV L
3WR)OXLGH ]&
9*&
,QV Q&Z&
)DFWRU.823
9LV F#W&F6 W
9LV F#W&F6 W
&H QL]DV Z
%6 :YRO
6 DOOE%OV
9DQDGLRSSP
1tTXH OSSP
6 RGLRSSP
+LH UURSSP
&REUHSSP
0DJQH V LRSSP
&DOFLRSSP
&H UDV Z
&KLV SD&
'(6 7,/$&,21
3,(
9ROD
9ROD
9ROD
9ROD
9ROD
9ROD
9ROD
9ROD
9ROD
9ROD
9ROD
3)(
5HV LGXR

&58'2
&5('
5HVXPHQ
&UXGR
5XELDOHV
3URSLHGDGHVGH&UXGRV&RORPELDQRV
&83,$*8$
&86,$1$ &$f2
3DUDILQLFR 3DUDILQLFR
,QWHUP /&7
1DIW.
3URSLHGDGHV&UXGRV
/,01
$3,D&

'(16,'$' &
JFF
$=8)5(P
372)/8,'(=&
&&5P
11PJ .2+J

&$67,//$
6$1
$URPiWLFR $URPiWLFR
)(51$1'2

,162/Q&P

9,6&26,'$' &
F6W
91LSSP
&(5$6P

&UXGRV3DUDItQLFRV
&UXGRVOLYLDQRV!$3,
%DMRFRQWHQLGRGHD]XIUHZ
%DMD$FLGH]PJ .2+J
$OWRSXQWRGHIOXLGH]!&
&RQVWDQWH9*&FHUFDQRD
)DFWRU.823DOWR!
%DMRFRQWHQLGRGHPHWDOHVSSP
$OWRFRQWHQLGRGHFHUDV!Z
$OWRFRQWHQLGRGH1DIWD!YRO
$&30&RQDOWRtQGLFH1~PHURGHFHWDQR !
'HVWLODGRVOXEULFDQWHVFRQIDFWRU.823\SXQWRVGH
DQLOLQDDOWRV!\!& UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
&UXGRV1DIWpQLFRV
&UXGRVFRQ| $3,
$OWRFRQWHQLGRGHD]XIUH!Z
$OWD$FLGH]!PJ .2+J
&RQVWDQWH9*&FHUFDQRD
$OWRFRQWHQLGRGHPHWDOHV
%DMRUHQGLPLHQWRGHQDIWD
1DIWDDGHFXDGDSDUDSURGXFLUKLGURFDUEXURVDURPiWLFRV
)DFWRU.823EDMR
$VIDOWRGHEXHQDFDOLGDG
$OWRUHQGLPLHQWRHQFUXGRUHGXFLGR!YRO
-HW$GHEXHQDFDOLGDG3WRGHFRQJHODFLyQ&
$OWRUHQGLPLHQWRHQIRQGRVGHYDFtR!YRO
&UXGRV,QWHUPHGLRV
3XHGHQVHUGHWHQGHQFLDSDUDItQLFDRQDIWpQLFD
*UDYHGDG$3,HQWUH
&RQWHQLGRGHD]XIUH Z
)DFWRU.823\FRQVWDQWH9*&GHSHQGH
GHOWLSRGHKLGURFDUEXURGRPLQDQWHWHQGHQFLD
0HWDOHVYDULDEOHYDORUHVLQWHUPHGLRV
$&30*HQHUDOPHQWHGHEXHQDFDOLGDG
(Q&RORPELDFRQVWLWX\HQODPD\RUtDGHORVFUXGRV
&UXGRV$URPiWLFRV
&UXGRVSHVDGRV
$3,
$OWRFRQWHQLGRGHD]XIUH!P
$OWRFRQWHQLGRGHPHWDOHV1L9
$OWRFRQWHQLGRGHDVIDOWHQRV
9LVFRVLGDGPX\DOWD
0X\EDMRUHQGLPLHQWRVGHQDIWDV
'HVWLODGRVPHGLRVFRQDOWRFRQWHQLGRGHD]XIUH
*DVyOHRVGHEDMDFUDTXHDELOLGDGDOWRD]XIUH
$OWRUHQGLPLHQWRVGHFUXGRUHGXFLGR\GHIRQGRV
QGLFHGH&RUUHODFLyQ
CI
(49640/ K) + 473.7 d - 456.8
d : Gr a v e d a d Es p e c f i c a
K : Pu n t o d e e b u l l i c i n p r o m e d i o , e n K (K = C + 2 7 3 )
/DVSDUDILQDVQRUPDOHVWLHQHQ,&GH
$XPHQWDFRQHOFDUiFWHUQDIWpQLFR
(O&LFORKH[DQRLJXDOD
(OEHQFHQRLJXDOD
8ULHO1DYDUUR8ULEH4XLPLFR 3K'
QGLFHGH&RUUHODFLyQGH&UXGRV&RORPELDQRV
&UXGRV3DUDItQLFRV,&
&UXGRV,QWHUPHGLRVHQWUH
&UXGRV1DIWHQLFRV !
Smith $/7*(/7.ODXV +%2'86=<16.,0LHF]\VODZ 0&RPSRVLWLRQ DQG $QDO\VLV RI +HDY\
3HWUROHXP )UDFWLRQV0DUFHO'HNNHU,QF
QGLFHGH
&RUUHODFLyQ
&UXGRV
&RORPELDQRV

,QGLFHGH&RUUHODFLyQ

$3,

&UXGRVOLYLDQRVFRQ$3, GH\FRQXQ&,HQWUH
&UXGRVOLYLDQRVFRQ$3, GHFRQXQ&,HQWUH
&UXGRVOLYLDQRVHQWUH$3, \FRQXQ&,HQWUH
&UXGRVLQWHUPHGLRVHQWUH$3, \FRQXQ&,HQWUH
&UXGRVSHVDGRVJUDYHGDG$3, \FRQ&,!
,QJ06F-RUJH/XLV*URVVR
4XLP3K'8ULHO1DYDUUR8ULEH
&RH ILFLHQWH&RUUH ODFLyQ
,QGLFH GH&RUUHODFLyQGH)UDFFLRQHVGH&UXGRV

5DQJRGHVWLODFLyQ&

Re n d i m i e n t o y
Ca l i d a d d e
Pr o d u c t o s
en func in del
t i p o d e Cr u d o
5HQGLPLHQWRVGH3URGXFWRVHQIXQFLyQGHOWLSRGH&UXGR

1$)7$
$3,
',(6(/
9*2

5(1',0,(172YRO

9%
3HUILOGH5HQGLPLHQWRV9V .823GHORVFUXGRV

5(1',0,(172YRO

)$&725.823
1$)7$
',(6(/
9*2
9%
5HQGLPLHQWRVGH3URGXFWRVYV $3,

$3,
YRO

JX
D
&
XS
LD
XV
LD
QD
&
3D
O
P
DU
D
DV
WLO
O
'
$2
6D
QW
LD
&
WH
1
OR
ULD
JR

/D
*
6D
QW
LD
JR

6D
QW
LD
OR
ULD
XE
LD
&
/D
*
&UXGRV
JR

OH
V

DV
WL O
OD

1DIWD'HVW0HGL
&UXGR5HG
$3,
3HUILOGH5HQGLPLHQWRVGH&UXGRV&RORPELDQRV

$3,
9RO

1DIWD
'HVW0HGLR
&
XS
LD
JX
D
XV
LD
QD
&
3D
OP
DU
OD
DV
WLO

'
$
2
&
DQ
WLD
JR

UL
D
6D
QW
LD
JR

6D
QW
LD
JR
/D

*
OR
UL
D
1
WH
6
&UXGRV
/D
*
OR
&
DV
WLO
O
XE
LD
OH

$*2
9*2
)RQGRV
$3,
5HQGLPLHQWRVGH3URGXFWRVHQIXQFLyQGHOWLSRGH&UXGR

$3,

(&

93
92

93

& U5 H G X FLG R
92

6

3
9

93

5(1',0,(172YRO

$ 3 ,

'LVWULEXFLyQGH$]XIUHHQODVIUDFFLRQHV
GHOSHWUyOHRSRUHOWLSRGHFUXGR
3RUFHQWDMHP

&

$ 3 ,

5D Q JR G H G H VWLOD FLy Q &

&

(VWDELOLGDG\&RPSDWLELOLGDG
'H&UXGRV
,QJ0DULVRO&DVWUR
,QJ$OHMDQGUD0DFtDV
$QWHFHGHQWHV
La precipit acin de asfalt enos genera depsit os en
t uberas
y
equipos,
durant e
el
t ransport e,
alm acenam ient o y refinacin de crudos.
Est e fenm eno se present a cuando se procesan crudos
incom pat ibles
que
generan
m ezclas
inest ables
( presencia de asfalt enos precipit ados) .
Los esquem as de refinacin realizan las m ezclas
necesarias para obt ener un crudo con las caract erst icas
deseadas y m anej ar las exist encias de m at eria prim a.
En Colom bia se procesan los crudos sin considerar
crit erios de com pat ibilidad y parm et ros de est abilidad,
corriendo el riesgo de generar m ezclas inest ables.
,QJ0DULVRO&DVWUR
,QJ$OHMDQGUD0DFtDV
$*5(*$&,1<35(&,3,7$&,1'(
$6)$/7(126
$VIDOWHQRVDJORPHUDGRV
5HVLQDV
$URPiWLFRV
1DIWHQRDURPiWLFRV
1DIWHQRSDUDILQDV
3DUDILQDV
,QJ0DULVRO&DVWUR
,QJ$OHMDQGUD0DFtDV
(67$%,/,'$'<&203$7,%,/,'$'
'(&58'26
Crudo est able: cuando los asflt enos present es se
encuent ran suspendidos hom ogneam ent e en la
fase lquida.
Crudo I nest able:
cuando
aglom eran y precipit an.
los
asflt enos
se
'RVRPDVFUXGRVVRQLQFRPSDWLEOHVFXDQGRDOVHU
PH]FODGRVVHSUHVHQWDSUHFLSLWDFLyQGHDVIDOWHQRV
,QJ0DULVRO&DVWUR
,QJ$OHMDQGUD0DFtDV
&RQFHSWRV%iVLFRV
(VWDELOLGDG: 5HVLVWHQFLDDODIRUPDFLyQGHPDWHULDOLQVROXEOH
IORFXODFLyQGHDVIDOWHQRV
&RPSDWLELOLGDG
&RPSDWLELOLGDG (V HO JUDGR HQ HO FXDO GRV R PiV FRUULHQWHV GH +&
SXHGHQVHUPH]FODGDVVLQSURGXFLUXQDPH]FODLQHVWDEOH.
&RPRVH0LGH
3R 3RGHUGH3HSWL]DFLyQ 0LGHHOJUDGRGHDURPDWLFLGDGGHODIUDFFLyQ
GHPDOWHQRV3RGHUGHXQDFRUULHQWHGH+&SDUDPDQWHQHUHQVROXFLyQORV
DVIDOWHQRV
)5PD[ 5HODFLyQGH)ORFXODFLyQ $URPDWLFLGDGUHTXHULGDSDUD

PDQWHQHUORVDVIDOWHQRVHQVROXFLyQ
3YDOXH 'HWHUPLQDHOJUDGRGHSHSWL]DFLyQ GHORVDVIDOWHQRV(VXQ

SDUiPHWURGHHVWDELOLGDGGHORVDOIDOWHQRV HQDOPDFHQDPLHQWR(O3YDOXH
GDLQIRUPDFLyQGHODHVWDELOLGDGGHUHVHUYDGHXQDFRUULHQWHGHSURFHVR
9%3YDOXH GHGHFHWDQR VLQTXHORVDVIDOWHQRVSUHFLSLWHQ
,QJ0DULVRO&DVWUR
,QJ$OHMDQGUD0DFtDV
3RJ3RGHUGH3HSWL]DFLyQ
3RGHUGH3HSWL]DFLyQ GH
VROYHQWHVSXURV
6ROYHQWH
+HSWDQR2FWDQR
&LFORKH[DQR
7ROXHQR
7HWUDOLQD
0HWLOQDIWDOHQR
7HWUDKLGURIXUDQR
3RJ

&RUWHVGHO5(/GH)&&
3,(

3RJGH'LOX\HQWHV
3R
7ROXHQR

,VR 2FWDQR

$/&823,

$/&823,,
+&1823,

+&1823,,
$&308QLERQ
$&303RRO

.HURVHQR

*2$95*5&
/*295*5&

$URP iWLFRV WRWDOHV P
'(7(&&,1'(/216(7'(
35(&,3,7$&,1
,QJ0DULVRO&DVWUR
,QJ$OHMDQGUD0DFtDV
3$50(7526
'((67$%,/,'$''(&58'26
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
5HDFWLYRVWROXHQRKHSWDQR

&DVWLOOD

0H]FOD
8
36
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
3,

&DxR
/LPyQ
80
70
60

&XVLDQD &XSLDJXD

50
40
30
20

&DVWLOOD

36

0H]FOD
8

&DVWLOOD
5HDFWLYRV01FHWDQR
0H]FOD
8
36
3,

&DxR
/LPyQ

&XVLDQD &XSLDJXD
3,

10
0
5HDFWLYRVR[LOHQRLRFWDQR
&DxR
/LPyQ

&XVLDQD &XSLDJXD
,QJ0DULVRO&DVWUR
,QJ$OHMDQGUD0DFtDV
5(6(59$'((67$%,/,'$'&21
',)(5(17(65($&7,926
3.2
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
5HVHUYDGH(VWDELOLGDG

&DVWLOOD

0H]FOD8

&DxR/LPyQ
R[LOHQRLRFWDQR
WROXHQRKHSWDQR
PHWLO QDIWDOHQRKH[DGHFDQR
,QJ0DULVRO&DVWUR
,QJ$OHMDQGUD0DFtDV
216(7'(35(&,3,7$&,1
3251($5,1)5$5('
$GLFLyQGH&XSLDJXDVREUH&DVWLOOD
$GLFLyQGH&XSLDJXDVREUH&DxR/LPyQ
7UDQVPLWDQFLD
7UDQVPLWDQFLD
30
-0.4
25
216(7'(
216(7'(
-0.5
20
35(&,3,7$&,1
-0.6
35(&,3,7$&,1
15
-0.7
10
5
-0.8
0
-0.9
-5
-1.0
-10
-1.1
-15
-20
-1.2
-25
-1.3
-30
10 401545 2050 25
30 653570 40
45 8550 90 5595 100
60
20 025 5
30 35
55 60
75 80
99&XSLDJXD
99&XSLDJXD
,QJ0DULVRO&DVWUR
,QJ$OHMDQGUD0DFtDV
7UDQVPLWDQFLD
216(7'(35(&,3,7$&,1
3251($5,1)5$5('
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
&DVWLOOD &XSLDJXD
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55 60 65 70
99&XSLDJXD
75
80
85
90
95 100
,QJ0DULVRO&DVWUR
,QJ$OHMDQGUD0DFtDV
0H]FODV&DVWLOOD&XSLDJXD6HJXQGD2EVHUYDFLyQ
0H]FODV&DVWLOOD&XSLDJXD3ULPHUD2EVHUYDFLyQ
0H]FODV&DVWLOOD&XSLDJXD7HUFHUD2EVHUYDFLyQ

P

10-
P
PP

P

P
P
5-

P

5- P

10- P

! P
,QJ0DULVRO&DVWUR
,QJ$OHMDQGUD0DFtDV
0H]FODV&DxR/LPyQ&XSLDJXD
6HJXQGD2EVHUYDFLyQ
7HUFHUD2EVHUYDFLyQ
3ULPHUD2EVHUYDFLyQ

P

P

20- P

5-
P
10-
PP

10- P

20- P
30- P
5- P
,QJ0DULVRO&DVWUR
,QJ$OHMDQGUD0DFtDV
0.20
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
0(6&/$6&$67,//$&83,$*8$
10
20
VHPDQD
30
40
50
60
99&XSLDJXD
VHPDQD
70
80
90
100
VHPDQD
0(=&/$6&$f2/,01&83,$*8$
6HGLPHQWRV
7RWDOHV
6HGLPHQWRV
7RWDOHV
6(',0(1726727$/(6
(10(=&/$6$/0$&(1$'$6
0.035
0.030
0.025
0.020
0.015
0.010
0.005
0.000
10
20
VHPDQD
30
40
50
60
99&XSLDJXD
VHPDQD
70
80
90
VHPDQD
100
,QJ0DULVRO&DVWUR
,QJ$OHMDQGUD0DFtDV
()(&72'(/25'(1'($',&,1(1/$
(67$%,/,'$''(0(=&/$6

P

30- P

20- P

P

20- P

,QJ0DULVRO&DVWUR
P
,QJ$OHMDQGUD0DFtDV
&DUDFWHUL]DFLyQTXtPLFD\PROHFXODU
GH&UXGRV\IUDFFLRQHVGHO3HWUyOHR
SDUDHOGHVDUUROORGHPRGHORVGHUHILQDFLyQ
&RQYHQLRGH&RRSHUDFLyQ7HFQROyJLFD
,&38,681$/8GH$
*UXSRGH7UDEDMR
,QJ.DWKHULQH 2UR]FR -RYHQ,QYHVWLJDGRU&ROFLHQFLDV
4Xt$OH[LV%XHQR -RYHQ,QYHVWLJDGRU&ROFLHQFLDV
4Xt06F-XDQ&DUORV3RYHGD 8,6
4Xt06F'DQLHO0ROLQD 8,6
4Xt3K'5LFDUGR)LHUUR 81$/
4Xt3K':LQVWRQ4XLxRQHV 8GH$
0HWRGRORJtD,PSOHPHQWDGD
6HOHFFLyQGH&UXGRVSRUVXFRPSRVLFLyQ
&XSLDJXD
&XVLDQD
)UDFFLRQHV/LYLDQDV
)UDFFLRQHV3HVDGDV
&DxR/LPyQ
/&7
1DIWDV
.HURVHQRV
'HVWLODGRV'LHVHO
*DVyOHRVGH9DFtR
(O)RQGRGHYDFtR
(O&UXGR5HGXFLGR
0H]FOD
&DVWLOOD
&DUDFWHUL]DFLyQ
)LVLFRTXtPLFD
0pWRGRV(VWiQGDU
\0ROHFXODUSRU
+105
&105
!
"
#
"
$
"
%
"
'&

'&
"
"

"
"
(
"
)

"
!*

!*
"
!+

!+
"
1DIWD&UXGR&XSLDJXD +105
!
"
#
"
$
"
%
"

'&
"
'&

"

"
"
(
"

)
"
!*
!*
"
!+
!+
"
$&30 &UXGR/&7+105
k=
=
G=
CX
GE
d
GE
CD
W
CD
G=
CX
GE
b
GE
CD
W
CD
GE
T
120
3
1 4
1 4
3
1 5
1 5
3
1 6
CD
GE
1 6
3
1 7
1 7
CD
1 3
1 8
./ 1 3
-,
1 8
3
1 9
1 9
1 :
2
12:
3
1 ;
1 ;
3
GE
\
GE
CD
W
CD
> jg
WD
WD
^ F F
d U i U B
G G aI G ^c
\ G
@
T
a Ga
=
G gh
MO
=
G Zh
MO
Hi
G he
MO
Hi
G dh
MO
Hi
G hc
MO
Hi
G bh
MO
Hi
G ]h
MO
=
G hT
MO
=
G h\
MO
=
Gh
MO
GM
gf
[=
GM
gf
[=
Z[
Z[ Z[ Z[ Z[ Z[ Z[ Z[
be bd bc b ] ]T ]a ]\
ON ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
_`^ `_^ _`^ _`^ _`^ _`^ _`^ _`^
G WD G \ G \ G \ G \ G \ G \ G \ G \
T T T T T T T T
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
g
Zf
*DVyOHR &UXGR&DVWLOOD+105
G
Y>
C U
XD
GI
HV
DR
G
T
FR
DR
J
QJ
>
KP
<
<
<
N
GN
MO
G
FL
N
JI
KJ
@GH
CD
AB
?@
=>
<
<
<
>
@i
QV
Yh
B
?
YB
AJ
HJ
H?
lA
qJ
? np
o@
D
I
Vl
= l
W ]
=i
T =D
S
m g
=G
n
?Z
MO
st
uv
xyw
z
x {
x {
z
x |
x |
z
x }
xy}
z
x ~
x~
x z
x z
x
z
x
x
z
yx
x
z
)RQGRGH9DFtR&UXGR&DVWLOOD +105
.HURVHQR &UXGR&XVLDQD+105
&+&+ +$
7LSRVGH+LGUyJHQR
&+
&+
&+
&+
&+
&+
&+
+
&+ &+
+
7HWUD$
&+
+
+
+
+
+
+ + + +
+
,QWHJUDFLyQGHODViUHDV :LQ105
$&30BB0(=
$&30BB0(=
0XHVWUD
,QW

3URP
1RUP
$1/,6,608(675$6,&3&8$572*58320(',&,181$/501+

1RUP

(

6WG'

3URP
1RUP

1RUP

(

6WG'

&iOFXORGH3URSLHGDGHVGH)UDFFLRQHVD3DUWLUGHO+105
1DIWDV
9 'HQVLGDG
9 $]XIUH
9 QGLFHGH5HIUDFFLyQ
9 3DUDILQDV
9 ,VRSDUDILQDV
9 $URPiWLFRV
9 1DIWHQRV
9 QGLFHGH&RUUHODFLyQ
9 0:
9 0H$%3
'HVWLODGRV0HGLRV
'HQVLGDG
$]XIUH
,QG'H5HIUDFFLyQ
,&
,QGGH&HWDQR
3XQWRGH,QIODPDFLyQ
9LVFRVLGDGD&
0:
.823
0H$%3
&iOFXORGH3URSLHGDGHVGH)UDFFLRQHVD3DUWLUGHO
+105
*DVyOHRV
$]XIUH
'HQVLGDG
,QGGH&RUUHODFLyQ
,QGGH5HIUDFFLyQ
3XQWRGH)OXLGH]
1~PHURiFLGR
.823
0:
0H$%3
1WRWDO
1%iVLFR
1L
9
6DWXUDGRV$URPiWLFRV\5HVLQDV

W 'HSHQGH""""
+105
W PLQ
P lo t o f A z ufre
o b s e rv e d
2. 4
2
$]XIUH *DVyOHRV
1. 6
1. 2
0. 8
0. 4
0
0. 4
0. 8
1. 2
1. 6
2. 4
p red ic ted
Plot of Azufre
observed
3.9
2.9
$]XIUH *DVyOHRV\)9
1.9
0.9
-0.1
-0.1
0. 9
1.9
2. 9
3. 9
predicted
7KDQNCVDORWIRU\RXU
DWWHQWLRQ,DP5HDG\IRU
TXHVWLRQV

Evaluación de Crudos

Cargado por

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

Evaluación de Crudos

Cargado por

Información del documento

Derechos de autor

Formatos disponibles

Compartir este documento

Compartir o incrustar documentos

Opciones para compartir

¿Le pareció útil este documento?

¿Este contenido es inapropiado?

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

Evaluación de Crudos

Cargado por

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

Evaluacin de

3UHGHFLU FRQGLFLRQHV GH RSHUDFLyQ UHQGLPLHQWRV \ FDOLGDG GH

)DFLOLWDU WRPD GH GHFLVLRQHV HVWXGLDQGR VXV HIHFWRV \ EHQHILFLRV HQ

)DFLOLWDU VX WUDQVSRUWH PHGLDQWH PpWRGRV FRQYHQFLRQDOHV \ QR

Evaluacin Tipo III

(49640/ K) + 473.7 d - 456.8

Smith $/7*(/7.ODXV +%2'86=<16.,0LHF]\VODZ 0&RPSRVLWLRQ DQG $QDO\VLV RI +HDY\

&RH ILFLHQWH&RUUH ODFLyQ

& U5 H G X FLG R

5D Q JR G H G H VWLOD FLy Q &

)5PD[ 5HODFLyQGH)ORFXODFLyQ $URPDWLFLGDGUHTXHULGDSDUD

3YDOXH 'HWHUPLQDHOJUDGRGHSHSWL]DFLyQ GHORVDVIDOWHQRV(VXQ

$URP iWLFRV WRWDOHV P

También podría gustarte

Evaluación de Crudos

Cargado por

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

Evaluación de Crudos

Cargado por

Información del documento

Derechos de autor

Formatos disponibles

Compartir este documento

Compartir o incrustar documentos

Opciones para compartir

¿Le pareció útil este documento?

¿Este contenido es inapropiado?

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

Evaluación de Crudos

Cargado por

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

Evaluacin de

3UHGHFLU FRQGLFLRQHV GH RSHUDFLyQ UHQGLPLHQWRV \ FDOLGDG GH

)DFLOLWDU WRPD GH GHFLVLRQHV HVWXGLDQGR VXV HIHFWRV \ EHQHILFLRV HQ

)DFLOLWDU VX WUDQVSRUWH PHGLDQWH PpWRGRV FRQYHQFLRQDOHV \ QR

Evaluacin Tipo III

(49640/ K) + 473.7 d - 456.8

Smith $/7*(/7.ODXV +%2'86=<16.,0LHF]\VODZ 0&RPSRVLWLRQ DQG $QDO\VLV RI +HDY\

&RH ILFLHQWH&RUUH ODFLyQ

& U5 H G X FLG R

5D Q JR G H G H VWLOD FLy Q &

)5PD[ 5HODFLyQGH)ORFXODFLyQ  $URPDWLFLGDGUHTXHULGDSDUD

3YDOXH 'HWHUPLQDHOJUDGRGHSHSWL]DFLyQ GHORVDVIDOWHQRV(VXQ

$URP iWLFRV WRWDOHV P

También podría gustarte

3UHGHFLU FRQGLFLRQHV GH RSHUDFLyQ UHQGLPLHQWRV \ FDOLGDG GH

Smith $/7*(/7.ODXV +%2'86=<16.,0LHF]\VODZ 0&RPSRVLWLRQ DQG $QDO\VLV RI +HDY\

& U5 H G X FLG R

5D Q JR G H G H VWLOD FLy Q &

)5PD[ 5HODFLyQGH)ORFXODFLyQ $URPDWLFLGDGUHTXHULGDSDUD

3YDOXH 'HWHUPLQDHOJUDGRGHSHSWL]DFLyQ GHORVDVIDOWHQRV(VXQ

$URP iWLFRV WRWDOHV P