TEMA 2

Derivadas. Reglas de Derivación

1. Calcula la derivada en x = 2 de la función f (x) = x2 , utilizando la definición de derivada como límite del cociente
incremental o tasa de variación media.
2. Utiliza las reglas de derivación para obtener la función derivada de cada una de las siguientes funciones reales de
variable real:

1 p 3
(a) f (x) = (m) f (x) = x 1 2x
x2
2x 2
1 (n) f (x) =
(b) f (x) = n ; n 2 N 2x 3
x
1 x3 + 3x + 2
(c) f (x) = p (o) f (x) =
x x2 1
p3 2 x+1
(d) f (x) = x (p) f (x) = p
p
7
x
(e) f (x) = x x2 p
3
p
(q) f (x) = x ( x + 3)
(f) f (x) = 5x3 8x2 + 6
p p x2 x 3 2
(g) f (x) = 5x2 πx + 2 (r) f (x) = x +x+1
x2 + 1
1
(h) f (x) = (s) f (x) = x2 x x2 + 1 x2 + x + 1
x 1
x x x2 1
(i) f (x) = (t) f (x) =
x+1 x+3
p 3
(j) f (x) = 2x 3 4x 2
q (u) f (x) =
(k) f (x) = (2x 3)7 x
p 7
c2 x2
(l) f (x) = (2 x 3) (v) f (x) = 2 ; c = cte.
c + x2

3. Utiliza las reglas de derivación para obtener la función derivada de cada una de las siguientes funciones reales de
variable real:

(a) f (x) = ln(2x + 1) (i) f (x) = log2 3x2

(b) f (x) = ln (x2 1)3 2
(j) f (x) = ex 2x
ln x
(c) f (x) = (k) f (x) = 3ex
2 3x + 2x3 +4x
x
(d) f (x) = x ln x (l) f (x) = x4 e3x
(e) f (x) = e4x
1
(f) f (x) = x3 ex (m) f (x) = p
p ln x
(g) f (x) = 4 ln(x2 3x)
p ex + ln x
(h) f (x) = ln x 2 (n) f (x) =
x2 4x

4. Utiliza las reglas de derivación para obtener la función derivada de cada una de las siguientes funciones reales de
variable real (todos corresponden a ejercicios reales de selectividad):

2x + x2 e 2x
(a) f (x) = (g) f (x) =
x ( x2 + 2)2
e3x 2
(b) f (x) = 2 5x 1 2x
1 + x2 (h) f (x) = +
3 x2
(c) f (x) = ln x 1 + 3x2
(i) f (x) = (3x + 2)2 ln 1 + x2
1
(d) f (x) = 25x + 2 3
x (j) f (x) = 2x2 3
2 ln x
(e) f (x) = x2 + 1 ln e3x + 4 (k) f (x) =
1 5 x
(f) f (x) = (l) f (x) = x e3x
3x x2 2

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 (m) f (x) = (2x + 1)3 (x + 1)2
(t) f (x) =
x 1 x2 2
(n) f (x) = x 3x 1
2 (u) f (x) = 5x x2
2

(o) f (x) = (3x + 1)3 ln x2 + 1 x

(v) f (x) = x2 1 ln x
ex
(p) f (x) =
7x5
4 (w) f (x) = 25x
3
(q) f (x) = x + 1 e7x
3
(x) f (x) = x3 6x x2 + 1
(r) f (x) = 3x ln x (y) f (x) = (x + 1) e2x+1
6
(s) f (x) = x2 + 1 x5 6x (z) f (x) = e1 x + ln(x + 2)

2.1. Más ejercicios de derivadas

x2 1
1. Sea f (x) = : Halla la tasa de variación media en el intervalo [0; 2] e indica si f crece o decrece en ese intervalo.
2
Halla también la TVM en el intervalo [ 2; 1] y estudia qué se puede afimar respecto de si f crece o decrece en este
nuevo intervalo.
2. Calcula, utilizando la definición, la derivada de las siguientes funciones en los puntos que se detallan:

(a) f (x) = x2 + 2x en x = 1: 3x + 1
(d) f (x) = en x = 1:
2x + 1 2
(b) f (x) = en x = 2: (e) f (x) = 3x2 + 2x en x = 0:
4
3 x2
(c) f (x) = en x = 2: (f) f (x) = en x = 1:
x 3

3. Calcula las derivadas de las siguientes funciones (ejercicios básicos):

(a) f (x) = 5 x2 1 x4 5x
2
(s) f (x) = (ai) f (x) =
(b) f (x) = x x+4 (x3 3x)5
(c) f (x) = 3x x2 x+3 3 2
(t) f (x) = (aj) f (x) = x3 2x 2x4 x2
(d) f (x) = x5 5 3
1 4 x x3 2x
(e) f (x) = 3x6 (u) f (x) = x2 + (ak) f (x) =
x3 x (2x4 x2 )2
3 p
(f) f (x) = x10 3
(v) f (x) = x + 1 (x + 2) (al) f (x) = 3 x
5
1 x
3x2 (w) f (x) = x3 + 2 x2 (am) f (x) = p
(g) f (x) = 1 x2
4 2 r
(x) f (x) = 1 x
(h) f (x) = 2x4 3x3 + x2 7 x3 + 2 (an) f (x) =
1+x
1 x3 3 r
(i) f (x) = 4 (y) f (x) = x+2
x 5 (ao) f (x) =
1 3
(j) f (x) = 5 3 + x 2 2 p3 2
x (z) f (x) = 2 (ap) f (x) = x 1
3x + 1 p
(k) f (x) = 6x3 + 5x2 1 1 (aq) f (x) = 5 x3 7x
(aa) f (x) = r
1 2 1 3x3 x+3
(l) f (x) = x5 + x3 8x (ar) f (x) =
5 3 x2 2 x 1
(ab) f (x) = 3 p
1
x + 3x2 (as) f (x) = 5x3 + 3 x + 1
(m) f (x) = 2 + x 3 + 2x 1 p
x (at) f (x) = x2 3 x
1 1 x3
(n) f (x) = 2 2 + 4 (ac) f (x) = x3
x x x 3 (au) f (x) = p
7 x
1 1 (ad) f (x) = 3x3 2x + 7 1
(o) f (x) = 5 (av) f (x) = p
x x3 3 3 2
3
(ae) f (x) = 3 x2 x+1 x
x 1 4
(p) f (x) = + x 5 (aw) f (x) = 5 x3 2x2 + x4
3 x (af) f (x) = 2x4 4x2 3
4 6x
(q) f (x) = x2 1 x3 + 3x 4 (ax) f (x) =
(ag) f (x) = 2x3 + x (2x4 3)6
x2 1 4 p
(r) f (x) = 3 (ah) f (x) = 5 x3 4x (ay) f (x) = e x
x + 3x

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 p
1 (bg) f (x) = log x (bn) f (x) = ln 3 1 + x2
(az) f (x) =
e2x (bh) f (x) = ln(x2 1) r
p 1 x
(ba) f (x) = x2 e3x (bo) f (x) = ln
x2 1 1+x
x (bi) f (x) = log2
(bb) f (x) = x x+1
e x2 + 3
e3x (bp) f (x) = ln
ex + e x (bj) f (x) = ln p 2x 1
(bc) f (x) = x p
2 r (bq) f (x) = (log x + 1) x2 + 1
x
x2 x (bk) f (x) = log 2 33
(bd) f (x) = 1 x2
ex 6
ln x 1 7
(be) f (x) = log3 x (bl) f (x) = 5 (br) f (x) = 6
4
7
x 1 5
(bf) f (x) = log2 x3 (bm) f (x) = ln x3 (x + 2) ln
x

4. Calcula las derivadas de las siguientes funciones reales de variable real:

p p
(a) f (x) = 3x5 4x3 + 3x + 7 (n) f (x) = 3x2 5x
4 3 2 p
3x 5x 9x (o) f (x) = 1 x2
(b) f (x) = + + 5x 15
4 3 2
x2 3x + 7 x+3 3
(c) f (x) = (p) f (x) =
5 x 1
3 2 p
(d) f (x) = 3x 5x + 1 x + x (q) f (x) = (2x 4)4 + 2 x2 1
2 r
(e) f (x) = 2 x+1
x + 2x (r) f (x) =
x2
x3 p
(f) f (x) = x2 3
3x + 2 (s) f (x) =
x
3x 2 2
(g) f (x) = (t) f (x) = ln x2 + 2x + e x
7 9x
2 p (u) f (x) = log3 x + 3x
(h) f (x) = 5 + 3 p
x
p 2x+1
(v) f (x) = e x+3
(i) f (x) = 12x + e + log2 3x p
2 (w) f (x) = 3 ln(3x + 5)
(j) f (x) = (3x 1) (1 4x)
p ex e x
x5 x (x) f (x) =
(k) f (x) = 2
x 3 (x2 )5
4
x ln (1 + ex )
(l) f (x) = 3x3 5x + 2 (y) f (x) =
ex
2 4
(m) f (x) = 3x x (z) f (x) = ln (ln (ln x))

Solucionario de derivadas
Ejercicio 1. TV M( f ; [0; 2]) = 1: La función crece en [0,2]. TV M( f ; [ 2; 1]) = 12 : No se puede afirmar que decrezca en
ese intervalo, aunque la tasa sea negativa (de hecho no lo hace en todo el intervalo).
Ejercicio 2. (a) f 0 (1) = 4; (b) f 0 (2) = 12 ; (c) f 0 ( 2) = 3
4; (d) f 0 ( 1) = 32 ; (e) f 0 (0) = 2; (f) f 0 (1) = 23 :
3
Ejercicio 3. (a) f 0 (x) = 0; (b) f 0 (x) = 1; (c) f 0 (x) = 3; (d) f 0 (x) = 5x4 ; (e) f 0 (x) = 18x5 ; (f) f 0 (x) = 6x9 ; (g) f 0 (x) = x;
2
0 3 2 0 4 0 10x + 15 0 2 0 4 2
(h) f (x) = 8x 9x + 2x; (i) f (x) = ; (j) f (x) = ; (k) f (x) = 18x + 10x; (l) f (x) = x + 2x 8;
x5 x4
2
2x + 2x + 3 2
4x + 8 2
3x + 5 4 2
x +x +1
(m) f 0 (x) = ; (n) f 0 (x) = ; (o) f 0 (x) = ; (p) f 0 (x) = ; (q) f 0 (x) = 5x4 +
x4 x5 x6 x2
x4 + 6x2 + 3 x2 + 8x + 1 2x 1 2x5 4x2 + 3
6x2 3; (r) f 0 (x) = 2
; (s) f 0 (x) = 2
; (t) f 0 (x) = ; (u) f 0 (x) = ; (v) f 0 (x) =
(x3 + 3x) (x + 4) 5 x4
6x2 3 12x
4x3 + 6x2 + 1; (w) f 0 (x) = 5x4 + 4x; (x) f 0 (x) = 2
; (y) f 0 (x) = x2 ; (z) f 0 (x) = 2
; (aa) f 0 (x) =
3
(x + 2) 5 2
(3x + 1)
9x2 0 x4 + 6x2 + 12x 0 2x3 9x2
; (ab) f (x) = ; (ac) f (x) = ; (ad) f (x) = 7 9x 2 3x3 2x + 7 ; (ae) f 0 (x) =
0 2
(3x3 1)2 (x3 + 3x2 )2 (x 3)2

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