INGLES BÁSICO II

UNIDAD I
THE PAST

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SEMANA 3 Introducción
De acuerdo a la demanda que conlleva la vida diaria también lo laboral, ésta se torna
cada vez más exigente. Después de haber cursado el nivel I de inglés básico, este
nivel, nos ayudará a ahondar aún más los conocimientos básicos a explorar y poner
en práctica lo ya aprendido junto a lo que se desarrolla en este nivel a modo de
complementar pero también de ir enfrentando situaciones más complejas.

El presente documento se orienta a desarrollar el uso de

herramientas de apoyo para el Pasado Simple y a la vez el tiempo verbal opuesto
acerca de Futuro Simple.

Ambas herramientas son ineludibles para hablar y plantear acciones en el caso del
pasado, y por otra parte, decidir qué hacer en el caso de situaciones futuras.

Esta asignatura cuenta con 3 unidades con sus respectivos contenidos y vídeos
explicativos a modo de apoyo.

La primera unidad orienta al estudiante a manejar otros tiempos verbales de mayor

complejidad, modos de expresión y así ya poder alcanzar una motivación tanto oral
como escrita de lo aprendido. La unidad dos, tiene como finalidad que el estudiante
junto a nuevas herramientas desarrolle e incorpore lo aprendido a situaciones
cotidianas de mayor complejidad. Y por último la tercera unidad, estimula al estudiante
a incorporar todo lo ya aprendido y nuevos conocimientos a un ámbito más laboral y
profesional que le permitirá desarrollarse de mejor forma en esta área.

Por último se espera que este curso sea de utilidad tanto para vuestra vida personal
como profesional.

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Main (Ideas fuerza)
1.- Was: it is the Past Simple of verb to be used for single third and first person: he,
she it and I

2.- Were: it is the Past Simple of verb to be used for: You, we and they

3.- Used to:Past expresión that is used to indicate an action is not happening any
more in the present.

4.- Will: Future Auxiliar used of Simple Future that indicates an action possibly be
made in a near future.

5.- Going to: its meaning is related to Simple Future and indicates actions that surely
will happen in the future.

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 DESARROLLO

1. VERB TO BE PAST TENSE

Fuente imagen: Cambridge 2007

The verb TO BE in past is used to showed the state or beign of someone or something in
the past, is to decribe events in the past.

The use of verb TO BE in the past is as follow:

For first person singular and third person singular, use the word was:

I
HE – SHE – IT WAS

I was at supermarket when you called me

She was the same lady that I talked to you

He was with me when the earthwake came

It was yesterday when Carlos had the meeting with our boss

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For other cases is:

THEY – YOU – WE WERE

You were with your boyfriend when we arrived at the party

They were together and spent a nice time during their honeymoon.

We were at our holidays last year at this day

Structure:

Affirmative:

PRONOUN/ NOUN + VERB TO BE + OBJECT

I was with my mom at the cinema last night

Interrogative:

VERB TO BE + PRONOUN/NOUN + OBJECT + ?

Was Pedro with you last night?

Remember that you can add Wh- H question to make a more specific question to ask,
examples:

Why were you so sad at the party?

Where were you last night?

How was your wedding?

Answers:

YES/ NO + PRONOUN/ NOUN + VERB TO BE

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Yes, I was
No, I wasn´t / was not
No, They weren´t / were not

Please observe how you can write a negative short answer!, here you have more examples:

Fuente imagen: grammar.cl

Now check the following dialogues that will help you to understand better how to apply verb
TO BE into past tense:

Conversation 1
Man: How was the wedding?
Woman: It was really good.
Man: Was it lovely?
Woman: Yes, it was really lovely.
Man: Nice. Was it crowded?
Woman: No, it was. There were many people as guests and family members.

Conversation 2
Man: Where were you last night?
Woman: I was at my mom´s home.
Man: Really? I was at your home. You weren’t there.
Woman: No, I was with my mom having a tea time together.
Man: You were?
Woman: Really! I was there.

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 Please check the following video,there you can practice how to make questions with Was
– Were:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvuWQXR84Xo

If you need to rehearse about Past simple with Verb To be, please check the following
video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUmteli30rE

Pregunta de Reflexión

1.- Can you explain to your co workers where were you last night?

2. USED TO / DIDN´T USE TO:

Fuente imagen: Office

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USED TO: it shows that something usually happened in the past and is not happening any
more. It is formed by the verb in the past: Used + infinitive verb.

Let see some examples:

I used to travel by car to south now I travel by plane

He used to live in London, now he is back in Chile.

Note: Please be careful and don´t get confused with : “to be used to” it means to be
accostumed to, it refers to something at the PRESENT of speaking and not the past
as “ used to”, examples:

Sandra is now used to eat only vegetables since she is vegan. (is now)

She used to be vegan, now she eats any kind of food (past)

“Used to” is applied in the same way for the resto f personal pronouns:

I
You
He-she-it
You Used to live in México.
They

Read the following examples of “used to”:

1.
Norma: How do you know Tamara?
Carola: Well, we used to go to university together. However, her family moved
during her last year, so we lost touch.

2.
Sofia: Do you have any bad habits?
Tito: I used to smoke, but I stopped since I got sick.
Sofía: I heard it is hard to give up smoking?
Tito: Yes, but I am used to make big changes in my life, so I was able to quit.

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 3.
Jorge: Wow, it looks like we are going to get a lot of work and hours of demanding
duties!
Carla: It’s ok. I am used to hard jobs, so I’m not too worried.

Important:

You cannot say: “I use to do”, for present situations you have to use Present Simple (I do),
examples:

Present: He smokes we play

Past: He used to smoke we used to play

If you need to make questions and negative sentences, please read the next subject.

“DIDN´T USE TO / DID NOT USE TO”

This formula is used to make negative sentences with “used to”. Let see some examples:

Pronoun/ noun + did not use to + infinitive + object

We didn´t use to travel so much when I was a child, we didn´t have money.

I didn´t use to make noices as a little girl I used to be very shy.

It also known to make negative answers with “used not to – usedn´t to”, examples:

We usedn´t to discuss so often but now we are becoming older with so many manias

She used not to eat any kind of meat so now she is so weak and unhealthy.

Questions:

If you need to make questions with “used to”, there are 2 structures that you need to know:

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1. Did + pronoun/noun + used to + infinitive + object+ ?

Did you use to play guitar when you were a little child?

2.- Used + pronoun/noun + to + infinitive + object + ?

Used you to write poems before become a famous writer?

Please observe the following dialogue and how “used to/didn´t use to” are applied:

Fuente imagen: https://es.scribd.com/document/325976519/Dialogos-de-Ingles-Corregido

In your own, try to explain different past habits that you had and write them down:

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 Pregunta de Reflexión

1.- Explain to your family what you used to do when you were a little child

3. SIMPLE FUTURE: WILL / GOING TO

Fuente Imagen: http://learnverbaltenses.blogspot.com/2016/07/the-structure-be-

going-to-normally-used.html
The use of Future Simple indicates actions that will take place in a future but sometimes
related with your present. And according to the situations is how you have to use it. You have
two ways of it: Going to or Will.

GOING TO
The use of GOING TO has three different ways of how ot use it:

1.- When you have an intention of something that is already decided before the time of
speaking Examples:

I am going to live to LA, my university sent my acceptance to star my studies there

Susana is going to accept Mauricio´s marriage proposal, she loved him at first sight

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2.- When you already has evidences/facts (now) that something surely will happen, examples:

It ´s so cold, it´s going to rain

Hector has heavy headache, he is going to be sick

3.- When something is about to happen; an action in present but with a result in a near future,
examples:

Be careful!! That building is going to collapse!

Children are playing with their eyes closed, one of them is going to fall down

Structure:

Affirmative:

Pronoun/ noun + verb to be + going to + infinitive + object

They are going to Concepción next week.

Questions:

Verb to be + pronoun/ noun+ going to + infinitive + object+ ?

Are they going to Concepción next week?

Answer:

Yes + pronoun/noun + verb to be + going to

No + pronoun/noun + verb to be + not + going to

Yes, they are going to

No, They aren´t going to

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Fuente imagen: https://www.test-english.com/grammar-points/b1/future-forms/3/

WILL
The use of WILL to indiciate a future action, also has different uses that must be study
carefully:

1.- To offer something to someone, examples:

You are moving big staff, I will help you with that

Gonzalo ´s car was crashed, I will lend him money to repair it.

2.- When you promise something, examples:

Thanks for lending me the money to repair my car. I will pay you next month

Sara told me a big secret, I will not tell anyone about that, I promise.

3.- Asking something to someone, examples:

Will you please be quiet? we are in a meeting.

Will you please turn off the radio? It´s too noisy

4.- Refusing or agreeing to do something, examples:

I asked my dad some economic help to finish my studies but he won´t do it

My husband offered me to drop me off at my work this morning but his car won´t start.

5.- For unexpected/unpremeditated facts, events or actions, example:

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There are dark clouds and a strong wind right now, a storm will come soon.

6.- For a decision make at the moment of speaking, it was not decided before by the speaker,
example:

I´m cooking our dinner but we don´t have enough oil, I will get some from the store then.

7.- Will is also used with a conditional of the purpose and time, example:

When I arrive, we will talk deeply about your problem

8.- Spontaneous reaction/asnwer, example:

I´m a bit tired of my home office duties, I will go to the gym for a while.

Now when we talk about “Predicting” something we use both: Will (the speaker think or believe
that it Will happen) and Going to (there are signs that it is going to happen), examples:

I haven´t decided yet what I´m going to do next weekend, I think I will watch a movie / I ´m
going to watch a movie

Do you think Anna will/ is going to get the award as best employee?

Read the following summary about Going to and Will:

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Fuente imagen: Gentileza de Office

Structure:

Affirmative:

Pronoun/ noun + will + infinitive verb + object

They will travel to Concepción next summer, they haven´t decided yet.

Questions:

Will + pronoun/ noun+ infinitive verb+ object+?

Will they going to Concepción next summer?

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Answer:

Yes + pronoun/noun + will

No + pronoun/noun + will not /won´t

Yes, they will

No, They won´t

Note: Please be careful with the negative aspecto of Will, it is always in contraction: won´t,
you can also write: will not

Nota: you use Will in a contracted way “ ´ll “

I will = I ´ll
You will = you ´ll

SHALL

Shall is also used as auxiliar for simple future but it has some rules:

 Shall is only used for “ I “ and “we” personal pronouns and its negative aspect is like this:

Shan´t or shall not

Example: I shan´t be there tomorrow.

 For questions “Shall” is used for offers and suggestions with I and we, examples:

Shall I open the door? Someone is knocking!

Shall we dance?

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Now read the following dialogue how to use Simple Future:

Fuente origen: https://www.thoughtco.com/dialogue-and-quiz-planning-a-party-4176646

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Please try to make in your own the following exercices, it will help you to practice going to and
Will:

1.- I’d like a glass of wine. Good idea, I __________________ take some.

2.- Be careful! That traffic light ___________________________ fall.

3.- I feel bad. I think I ______________________________ be sick.

4.-Oh, I've just realised. I haven't got any money.

- Haven't you? Well, don't worry. I ______________ lend you some.

5.- Could I borrow your book about Venice, please?

- Of course. I ___________________ bring it into work tomorrow.

If you need more information about Simple Future, please check the following video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gT6fqzJL6mM

Pregunta de Reflexión

1.- At your work place, please share and explain what are your future plans according
how is your current situation

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 Conclusión
Ya terminada la tercera semana, podemos concluir que hemos estudiado
herramientas de apoyo para el Pasado Simple y a la vez el tiempo verbal opuesto
acerca de Futuro Simple.

Ambas herramientas son necesarias para hablar y expresar actividades ya

terminadas en el caso del pasado, y por otra parte, decidir qué hacer en el caso de
situaciones futuras.

En ambas situaciones es necesario poner en práctica tanto para hablar de cosas

cotidianas como laborales. En el área laboral es muy útil el futuro simple debido a
que nos ayuda a realizar pronósticos los cuales pueden ser aplicados para cualquier
balance a realizar.

Ahora, la invitación es a seguir a la siguiente semana: Adelante!

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 Bibliografía
-Swan, M. (1997). How english works: A gramar practice book. With answer.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.

- Elementary Business Vocabulary in Use (2006),Cambridge University Press

- Oxford Spanish Dictionary (1994), Oxford University Press

- English Grammar in Use (1997), Cambridge University Press

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