Amenaza de Parto Prematuro Valor de La Cervicometria
Amenaza de Parto Prematuro Valor de La Cervicometria
Amenaza de Parto Prematuro Valor de La Cervicometria
VALOR
DE LA CERVICOMETRIA Y LA FIBRONECTINA
Sebastián Manzanares, Mª Setefilla López, Pilar Redondo,
Aranzazu Garrote, Francisca Molina, Mª Paz Carrillo, Isabel Pérez.
• Contracciones uterinas
• Modificación cervical
El cérvix uterino normal tiene una longitud media en el segundo trimestre de 3.5
15
cm , y su longitud va disminuyendo ligeramente durante la gestación normal, algo
más en gestaciones múltiples que en aquellas con feto único 16 .
2
Medicina Materno-Fetal
3
Actualización Obstetricia y Ginecología 2009
DETERMINACIÓN DE FIBRONECTINA.
La Fibronectina es una proteína extracelular que se encuentra en las
membranas, decidua y líquido amniótico, con una función adhesiva entre el feto en
desarrollo y la superficie interna del útero (interfase coriodecidual). Tras la
implantación del saco gestacional aparece Fibronectina en las secreciones
cervicovaginales puede encontrarse normalmente en ellas antes de la semana 20ª-22ª
y al final del embarazo cuando se acerca el momento del parto. Sin embargo su
presencia entre las semanas 24ª y 34ª es poco frecuente, y puede indicar separación
de las membranas fetales de la decidua 25 .
4
Medicina Materno-Fetal
5
Actualización Obstetricia y Ginecología 2009
BIBLIOGRAFIA
1. Goepfert AR, Goldenberg RL. Prediction of prematurity. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol
1996;8:417– 27.
2. Cunninghnam FG, MacDonald PC, Gant NF, Leveno KJ; Gilstrap LC. Preterm and postterm
pregnancy and fetal growth retardation. En: Cunninghnam FG, MacDonald PC, Gant NF,
Leveno KJ; Gilstrap LC. Williams Obstetrics 19th ed. Ed Prentic‐Hall internacional hall.
New Jersey 1993. pp 853 – 885.
3. Ressel G. ACOG issues recommendations on assessment of risk factors for preterm birth.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Am Fam Physician 2002; 65(3): 509‐
10.
4. Iams JD, Goldenberg RL, Meis PJ, Mercer BM, Moawad A, Das A, Thom E, McNellis D,
Copper RL, Johnson F, Roberts JM. The length of the cervix and the risk of spontaneous
premature delivery. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 567‐ 72
5. Gonik B, Creasy RK. Preterm labor: Its diagnosis and management. Am J Obstet Gynecol
1986;154: 3‐8.
6. Jackson GM, Ludmir J, Bader TJ. The accuracy of digital examination and ultrasound in the
evaluation of cervical length. Obstet Gynecol 1992; 79: 214‐8.
7. Joffe GM, Jacques D, Bemis‐Heys R, Burton R, Skram B, Shelburne P. Impact of the fetal
fibronectin assay on admissions for preterm labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;180: 581‐6
8. Ness A, Visintine J, Ricci E, Berghella V. Does knowledge of cervical length and fetal
fibronectin affect management of women with threatened preterm labor? A randomized
trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;197(4):426.e1‐7.
9. Carr DB, Smith K, Parsons L, Chansky K, Shields LE.Ultrasonography for cervical length
measurements:agreement between transvaginal and translabial techniques. Obstet Gynecol
2000; 96:554‐8.
10 . Manzanares S, Pérez Herrezuelo I, López Moreno ME, Santiago C, Montoya F. Diagnóstico
de la amenaza de parto prematuro. Cienc ginecol 2005; 4: 221‐6
11 . Chao AS, Chao A, Ching‐Chang P. Ultrasound assessment of cervical length in pregnancy.
Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2008: 47( 3); 291‐5.
12 . Goldberg J, Newman RB, Rust PF. Interobserver reliability of digital and endovaginal
ultrasonographic cervical length measurements. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;177:853–8.
13 . Zilianti M, Azuaga A, Calderon F, Pages G, Mendoza G. Monitoring the effacement of the
uterine cervix by transperineal sonography: a new perspective. J Ultrasound Med. 1995;
14:719‐724.
14 . National guideline clearinghouse. Management of preterm labor. Julio 2.004.
http://www.guideline.gov/summary/pdf.aspx?doc_id=3993&stat=1&string=
15 . Berghella V, Daly SF, Tolosa JE, DiVito MM, Chalmers R, Garg N, Bhullar A, Wapner RJ.
Prediction of preterm delivery with transvaginal ultrasonography of the cervix in high risk‐
pregnancies: Does cerclage prevent prematurity? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 181: 809‐15.
16 . Crispi F, Llurba E, Pedrero C, Carreras E, Higueras T, Hermosilla E, Cabero L, Gratacós E.
Curvas de normalidad de la longitud cervical ecográfica según edad gestacional en
población española. Prog Obstet Ginecol 2004;47(6):264‐71
6
Medicina Materno-Fetal
17. Carey JC, Klebanoff MA, Hauth JC, Hillier SL, Thom EA, Ernest JM, Heine RP, Nugent RP,
Fischer ML, Leveno KJ, Wapner R, Varner M. Metronidazole to prevent preterm delivery in
pregnant women with asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 534‐40.
18. Leitich H, Brumbauer M, Kaider A, Egarter C, Husslein P. Cervical length and dilation of the
internal os detected by vaginal ultrasonography as markers for preterm delivery: A
systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 181: 1465‐72.
19 Zilianti M, Azuaga A, Calderon F, Pages G, Mendoza G. Monitoring the effacement of the
uterine cervix by transperineal sonography. J Ultrasound Med. 1995;14:719‐24.
20. Crane JM, Van den Hof M, Armson BA, Liston R. Transvaginal ultrasound in the prediction
of preterm delivery: singleton and twin gestations. Obstet Gynecol 1997;90:357–63.
21 Vendittelli F, Mamelle N, Munoz F, Janky E. Transvaginal ultrasonography of the uterine
cervix in hospitalized women with preterm labor. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2001;72:117–25.
22 Hincz P, Wilczynski J, Kozarzewski M, Szaflik K. Two‐step test: the combined use of fetal
fibronectin and sonographic examination of the uterine cervix for prediction of preterm
delivery in symptomatic patients. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2002;81:58–63
23. Institute for Clinical Systems improvement. Technology assessment report: Ultrasound
cervical length for the prediction of preterm labor. Mayo 2.003.
http://www.icsi.org/technology_assessment_reports_‐
_active/ta_ultrasound_cervical_length_for_the_prediction_of_preterm_labor.html
24 Sánchez M, Sanin J, Cobo T, Palacio M, Carreras E, Crispi E, Coll O, Gratacós E, Cararach V,
Cabero L. Utilización de la longitud cervical para la reducción de la estancia hospitalaria en
pacientes ingresadas por amenaza de parto pretérmino. Prog Obstet Ginecol. 2005;48(7):327‐
32
25 Goepfert AR, Goldenberg RL. Prediction of prematurity. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol
1996;8:417– 27.
26 . Mercer BM, Goldenberg RL, Moawad AH, Meis PJ, Iams JD, Das AF, Caritis SN, Miodovnik
M, Menard MK, Thurnau GR, Dombrowski MP, Roberts JM, McNellis D. The preterm
prediction study: Effect of gestational age and cause of preterm birth on subsequent
obstetric outcome. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal‐
Fetal Medicine Units Network. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 181: 1216‐21.
27. Langer B, Boudier E, Schlaeder G. Cervico‐vaginal fetal fibronectin: predictive value during
false labor. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1997;76: 218‐21.
28. Peaceman AM, Andrews WW, Thorp JM, Cliver SP, Lukes A, Iams JD, et al. Fetal fibronectin
as a predictor of preterm birth in patients with symptoms: a multicenter trial. Am J Obstet
Gynecol 1997; 177: 13‐8.
29. Iams JD, Casal D, McGregor JA, Goodwin TM, Kreaden US, Lowensohn R, Lockitch G. Fetal
fibronectin improves the accuracy of diagnosis of preterm labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;
173:141‐5.
30. Lockwood CJ, Senyei AE, Dische MR, Casal D, Shah KD, Thung SN, Jones L, Deligdisch L,
Garite TJ. Fetal fibronectin in cervical and vaginal secretions as a predictor of preterm
delivery. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 669‐74.
31. Senden IP, Owen P: Comparison of cervical assessment, fetal fibronectin and fetal breathing
in the diagnosis of preterm labor. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 1996; 23: 5‐9.
7
Actualización Obstetricia y Ginecología 2009
32. Bartnicki J, Casal D, Kreaden US, Saling E, Vetter K. Fetal fibronectin in vaginal specimens
predicts preterm delivery and very‐low‐birth‐weight infants. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;
174: 971‐4.
33. Malak TM, Sizmur F, Bell SC, Taylor DJ. Fetal fibronectin in cervicovaginal secretions as a
predictor of preterm birth. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996; 103: 648‐53.
34. Leitich H. Controversies in diagnosis of preterm labour. BJOG 2005; 112 (Suppl 1): 61‐3
35. National guideline clearinghouse. Management of labor. Marzo 2.007.
http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?ss=15&doc_id=10725&nbr=5587
36. Joffe GM, Jacques D, Bemis‐Heys R, Burton R, Skram B, Shelburne P. Impact of the fetal
fibronectin assay on admissions for preterm labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;180: 581‐6
37. Smith V, Devane D, Begley CM, Clarke M, Higgins S. A systematic review and quality
assessment of systematic reviews of fetal fibronectin and transvaginal length for predicting
preterm birth. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 133
(2007) 134–142