UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS
ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES ORDINARIAS

Prof.: M.Sc. Ricardo Castellanos.

Fecha: 02 de Mayo del 2024
Integrantes: Iza Sivinta Angela Aracely , Shuguli Salazar Jamilton Oswaldo

Trabajo Grupal

1.- Hallar las derivadas de orden n-ésimo

1
a) f (x) = 1−x

n=0 ; f (x) = 1
1−x
= (1 − x)−1

n=1 ; f ′ (x) = − (1−x)

1
2 = −(1 − x)
−2

n=2 ; f ′′ (x) = −(−2)(1 − x)−3 = 2

(1−x)3

n=3 ; f ′′′ (x) = 2(−3)(1 − x)−4 = − (1−x)

6
4

n=4 ; f ′′′′ (x) = −6(−4)(1 − x)−5 = 24

(1−x)5

.
(−1)n n!
n ; f n (x) = (1−x)n+1

b) Si y = sin(x) = sin(x + (0) π2 )

n=0 ; y = sin(x) ;y = sin(x + (0) π2 )

n=1 ; y ′ = cos(x) ; y ′ = sin(x + (1) π2 )

1
n=2 ; y ′′ = − sin(x) ; y ′′ = cos(x + π2 ) = sin(x + π
2
+ π2 ) = sin(x + π)

n=3 ; y ′′′ = − sin(x) ; y ′′′ = cos(x + π2 ) = sin(x + π + π2 ) = sin(x + 3π

2
)
3π 3π
n=4 ; y IV = sin(x) ; y IV = cos(x + 2
) = sin(x + 2
+ π2 ) = sin(x + 2π)

n ; f n (x) = sin(x + n π2 )

c) Si y = cos(2x) = cos(2x + (0) π2 )

n=0 ; y = cos(2x) ; y = cos(2x + (0) π2 )

n=1 ; y ′ = −2 sen(2x) ; y ′ = 2 cos(2x + π2 )

n=2 ; y ′′ = −4 cos(2x) ; y ′′ = 4 cos(2x + π)

n=3 ; y ′′′ = 8 sin(2x) ; y ′′′ = 8 cos(2x + 3π

2
)

n=4 ; y IV = 16 cos(2x) ; y IV = 16 cos(2x + 2π)

n ; f n (x) = 2n cos(2x + n π2 )

d) y = ln(1 + x)

n=1 ; y ′ = 1
1+x
−1
n=2 ; y ′′ = (1+x)2

n=3 ; y ′′′ = 2
(1+x)3
)

2
n=1 ; y ′ = 1
1+x
−1
n=2 ; y ′′ = (1+x)2

n=3 ; y ′′′ = 2
(1+x)3
)
−6
n=4 ; y IV = (1+x)4

.
(−1)n+1 (n−1)!
n ; f n (x) = (1+x)n
1
e) y = 1+x
−1
n=1 ; y ′ = (1+x)2

n=2; y ′′ = 2
(1+x)3
)
−6
n=3 ; y ′′′ = (1+x)4
24
n=4 ; y IV = (1+x)5

.
(−1)n (n)!
n ; f n (x) = (1+x)n+1
1+x
f) y = 1−x
1(1−x)−(1+x)(−1)
n=1 ; y ′ = (1−x)2
= 1−x+1+x
(1−x)2
= 2
(1−x)2

0(1−x)2 +2(2)(1−x) 4(1−x)

n=2 ; y ′′ = (1−x)4
= (1−x)4
= 4
(1−x)3

0(1−x)3 −4(3)(−1)(1−x)2
n=3 ; y ′′ = (1−x)5
= 12
(1−x)4

3
 12(−4)(−1) 48
n=4 ; y IV = (1−x)5
= (1−x)5

.
2n!
n ; f n (x) = (1−x)n+1

g) y = sin2 x

n=1 ; y ′ = 2 sin x cos x = 20 sin 2x

n=2 ; y ′′ = cos 2x(2) = 21 sin(2x + π2 )

n=3 ; y ′′′ = 2 cos(2x + π2 )(2) = 4 sin(2x + π

2
+ π2 ) = 22 sin(2x + π)

n=4 ; y IV = 4 cos(2x + π)(2) = 23 sin(2x + 23 π)

n ; f n (x) = 2n−1 sin(2x + (n − 1) π2 )

h) y = ln(ax + b)

n=1 ; y ′ = a
ax+b
= a(ax + b)−1

n=2 ; y ′′ = −a(ax + b)−2 (a) = −a2 (ax + b)−2

n=3 ; y ′′′′ = 2a2 (ax + b)−3 (a) = 2a3 (ax + b)−3

n=4 ;y IV = 2a3 (−3)(ax + b)−4 (a) = −6a4 (ax + b)−4

4
.

.
(−1)n+1 (an )(n−1)!
n ; f n (x) = (ax+n)n

2.- Mostrar que y, determinada como función de x por las ecuaciones x = sin(t)
√ √
d2 y dy
, y y = aet 2 + be−t 2 , saltisface la ecuación diferencial (1 − x2 ) dx 2 − x dx = 2y para

cualquier constante a,b.

(
x = sin(t)
√ √
y = aet 2 + be−t 2
√ √ √ √
√ √ √ −t√2
dy t 2 −t 2 t 2
dt
= ae 2 + be − 2 = ae 2 − 2be
dx
dt
= cos t
√ √√ √
dy aet 2 2− 2be−t 2
dx
= cos t
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
d2 y cos t( 2aet 2 2− 2be−t 2 (− 2))+( 2aet 2 − 2be−t 2 ) sin t
dx2
= cos3 t
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
d2 y ( 2aet 2 2− 2be−t 2 (− 2)) cos t+( 2aet 2 − 2be−t 2 ) sin t
dx2
= cos3 t
√ √ √ √ √ √
d2 y 2(aet 2 +be−t 2 ) cos t+( 2aet 2 − 2be−t 2 ) sin t
dx2
= cos3 t
 √ √ 
t 2 −t 2
Tomamos y = ae + be
√ √ √ √
d2 y 2y cos t+( 2aet 2 − 2be−t 2 ) sin t
dx2
= cos3 t
(1)

Reemplazamos (1) en la EDO

2

2y cos t+(√2aet√2 −√2be−t√2 ) sin t √ √ √ √
sin t( 2aet 2 − 2be−t 2 )
1 − sin t cos3 t
− cos t
= 2y
√ t√2 √ −t√2
Tomamos z = 2ae − 2be

1 − sin2 t 2y coscost+z sin t

− sin z


3t cos t
= 2y
2y cos t+z sin t−2y sin2 t cos t−z sin3 t cos2 t
cos3 t
= 2y
2y cos t+z sin t−2y (1−cos2 t) cos t−z sin3 t sin t(1−sin2 t)
cos3 t
= 2y
2y cos t+z sin t−2y cos t+2y cos3 t−z sin3 t−z sin3 t−z sin t+z sin3 t
cos3
= 2y
2y cos3 t
cos3
= 2y

5
2y = 2y

3.- La función y está dada implı́citamente por la ecuación x2 +2xy+y 2 −4x+2y−2 =

d3 y
0. Hallar dx 3 en el punto (1,1).

d
dx
(x2 + 2xy + y 2 − 4x + 2y − 2) = 0

2x + 2(1y + xy ′ ) + 2yy ′ − 4 + 2y ′ = 0

2x + ey + 2xy ′ + 2yy ′ − 4 + 2y ′ = 0

2xy ′ + 2yy ′ + 2y ′ = −2x − 2y + 4

y ′ (2x + 2y + 2) = −2x − 2y + 4
−2x−2y+4
y′ = 2x+2y+2
−2−2+4
Evaluamos en el punto y ′ (1, 1) = 2+2+2
= 0
6
=0
(−2−2y ′ )(2x+2y+2)−(2+2y ′ )(−2x−2y+4)
y ′′ = (2x+2y+2)2

(2+2y ′ )(−2x−2y−2)−(2+2y ′ )(−2x−2y+4)

y ′′ = (2x+2y+2)2

(2+2y ′ )[(−2x−2y−2)−(−2x−2y+4)]
y ′′ = (2x+2y+2)2

(2+2y ′ )(−2x−2y−2+2x+2y−4)
y ′′ = (2x+2y+2)2

(2+2y ′ )(−6)
y ′′ = (2x+2y+2)2

(2+2( −2x−2y+4
2x+2y+2 ))
(−6)
sustituimos y’ en y” y ′′ = (2x+2y+2)2

(4x+4y+4−4x−4y+8)(−6)
y ′′ = (2x+2y+2)3
−72
y ′′ = (2x+2y+2)3

d3 y
y ′′′ = dx3
0(2x+2y+2)3 −(−72)3(2x+2y+2)2 (2+2y ′ )
y ′′′ = (2x+2y+2)6

(72)3(2x+2y+2)2 (2+2y ′ )
y ′′′ = (2x+2y+2)6

216(2+2y ′ )
y ′′′ = (2x+2y+2)4

216(2+2( −2x−2y+4
2x+2y+2 ))
y ′′′ = (2x+2y+2)4

En el punto (1,1)

6
 216(2+0)
y ′′′ = (6)4

y ′′′ = 1
3
d3 y
4.- Hallar dx3
, si x2 + y 2 = a2

si x2 + y 2 = a2
dy d y d y 2 3
Derivamos x2 + y 2 = a2 ; dx =y’; dx 2 =y”; dx3 =y”’

(2x + 2yy ′ ) = 0 (1)

2+2y’y’+2yy”=0 (2)

2(y”y’+y”y’)+2(y’y”+yy”’)=0

4y”y’+2y”y’+2yy”’)=0

2yy”’=-6y”y’
−6y ′′ y ′
y ′′′ = 2y
(3)

despejamos y’ de (1)

(2x+2yy’)=0

2yy’=-2x
−x
y′ = y

despejamos y” de (2)

2+2y’y’+2yy”=0

2yy”=-2-2y’y’
−2−2y ′ y ′
y ′′ = 2y
−1−y ′ y ′
y ′′ = y

−1−( −x )( −x )
y ′′ = y
y
y

2
−1− x2
y ′′ = y
y

−y 2 −x3
y ′′ = y3
−6y ′′ y ′
Reemplazamos en (3) y ′′′ = 2y

7
 2 −x2
( −y )( −x )
′′′ y3 y
y = −6 2y

(−y 2 −x2 )
y ′′′ = 3x y5

(−3xy 2 −3x3 )
y ′′′ = y5

√ dx
R
a2 −x2
√ 2 2
Ası́, cos Θ = a a−x
p 2
(a − x2 ) = a cos Θ
x
sin Θ = a

dx = a cos ΘdΘ
R dx R a cos ΘdΘ R
√
2
a −x 2 = a cos Θ
= dΘ = Θ + c = arcsin( xa ) + c
dx
R
√
(x−a)(b−x)
(
x − a = (b − a sin2 u
b − x = (b − a) 2 sin u cos udu
q √ q
x−a 2
b−a
= sin u → u = arcsin x−a b−a
R 2(b−a) sin u cos udu
= q
[(b−a) sin2 u][(b−a)(1−sin2 u)]
√2(b−a) 2sin u2cos udu
R
=
(b−a) sin u cos2 u
R (b−a) sin u cos udu
=2 (b−a) sin u cos u
R
= 2 du

= 2u + c
q
x−a
= 2 arcsin b−a
+c
dx
R
√
1−2x−x2
dx √ dx √ dx √ dx √ dx
R R R R R
√
1−2x−x2
= = = = =
−(x2 +2x−1) −(x2 +2x+1−1−1) −(x2 +1)2 −2 2−(x+1)2
arcsin( x+1
√ )
2
+c
R
x arctan xdx

8
 ( (
u = arctan x = x21+1 dx
Tomamos → 2
dv = xdx v = x2
2 R  x2  1
x arctan xdx = x2 arctan x −
R

2 x2 +1
dx
2 R 2
= x2 arctan x − 12 x2x+1 dx
hR 2 i
x2 1 x +1
R 1
= 2 arctan x − 2 x2 +1
dx − x2 +1 dx
x2
= 2
arctan x − 12 x + 12 arctan x + c
ex
R
1+e2x
dx
ex ex dx
R R
1+e2x
dx = 1+(ex )2

Tomamos u = (ex y du = ex dx
R ex dx R du
entonces reemplazando: 1+(e x )2 = 1+u2

aplicando trigonometricas tenemos

tan Θ = u → Θ = arctan u
(
u = tan Θ
du = sec2 Θ
√
sec Θ = 1 + u2
R du R 2
= secsec2ΘdΘ
R
1+u2 Θ
= dΘ = arctan u + c = arctan ex + c
R 2x2 +5x−1
x3 +x2 −2x
dx

;x3 + x2 − 2x = x (x2 + x − 2) = x (x + 2) (x − 1)
2x2 +5x−1 A B C
x3 +x2 −2x
= x
+ x+2
+ x−1

2x2 + 5x − 1 = (x + 2) (x − 1) A + Bx (x − 1) + Cx (x + 2)

1. x = 1

2 + 5 − 1 = 0 + 0 + C (3)

6 = 3C

C=2

2. x = −2

9
 8 − 10 − 1 = 0 + B(−2)(−2 − 1)

−3 = 6B

B = − 12

3. x = 0

−1 = −2A + 0 + 0
1
A= 2
R 2x2 +5x−1
R  13 − 12 2

x3 +x2 −2x
dx = x
+ x+2
+ x−1
dx

= 12 ln |x| − 12 ln |x + 2| + 2 ln |x − 1| + c
R x2 +2x+3
(x−1)(x+1)2
dx
x2 +2x+3 A B C
(x−1)(x+1)2
= x−1
+ x+1
+ (x+1)2

x2 + 2x + 3 = A (x + 1)2 + B (x − 1) (x + 1) + C (x − 1)

1. x = −1

1 − 2 + 3 = 0 + 0 + C(−2)

2 = −2C

C = −1

2. x = 1

1 + 2 + 3 = 4A + 0 + 0

6 = 4A
3
A= 2

3. x = 0
3
3= 2
+ (−B) + 1
3
B= 2
−2

B = − 21
3
R − 12

x2 +2x+3 −1
R
(x−1)(x+1)2
dx = 2
x−1
+ x+1
+ (x+1)2
dx
−1
= 32 ln |x − 1| − 12 ln |x + 1| +
R
(x+1)2
dx

10
 −1
= 74 ln |x − 1| − 14 ln |x + 1| + x+1
+c
R 3x2 +2x−2
x3 −1
dx
3x2 +2x−2 A Bx+C
x3 −1
= x−1
+ x2 +x+1

3x2 + 2x − 2 = A (x2 + x + 1) + (Bx + C) (x − 1)

1. x = 1

3 + 2 − 2 = 3A + 0

3 = 3A

A=1

2. x = 0

−2 = A − C

−2 = 1 − C

= 3)

3. x = −1

3 − 2 − 2 = A + (−B + C)(−2)

−1 = 1 − 2(3 − B)

−2 = −6 + 2B

4 = 2B

B=2
3x2 +2x−2 1 2x+3
R R R
x3 −1
=dx x−1
dx + x2 +x+1
dx
2x+1 2
R R
= ln |x − 1| + x2 +x+1
dx + x2 +x+1
dx
1
R
= ln |x − 1| + ln |x2 + x + 1| + 2 x2 +x+ 14 − 14 +1
dx
1
R
= ln |x − 1| + ln |x2 + x + 1| + 2 2 dx
(x+ 12 ) + 34
  
2 1 x+ 12
= ln |x − 1| + ln |x + x + 1| + 2 √
3
arctan √
3
+c
2 2
 
2
= ln |x − 1| + ln |x + x + 1| + √4 arctan 2x+1
√ +c
3 3

11
 2x+3
R
(x−2)(x+5)
dx
2x+3 A B
(x−2)(x+5)
= x−2
+ x+5

2x + 3 = A (x + 5) + B (x − 2)

1. x = −5

−10 + 3 = 0 + B(−7)

−7 = −7B

B=1

2. x = 2

4 + 3 = 7A + 0

7 = 7A

A=1
2x+3 1 1
R R

(x−2)(x+5)
dx = x−2
+ x+5
dx

= ln |x − 2| + ln |x + 5| + c

12