Tembikuaaty ñepu'ã

Tembikuaaty ñepu'ã ningo ojeheroháicha mba'éichapa oñepyrũ pe tembikuaaty ko'ãgagua oñemboypýrõguare Ára Ko'ãgagua, umi sa'ary XVI ha XVII pukukuévo (amoite 1550 guive 1687 meve), jahechavove tembikuaa ha temimo'ã pyahu papapykuaa, mba'erekokuaa, mbyjakuaa, tekovekuaaty (ha yvypóra rete rembikuaa avei) ha kímika rehegua, upéicha oñemoambue mba'éichapa yvypóra ohecha hekoha ndaha'evéimagui ymaguaréicha ha omopyenda ko tembikuaaty ko'ãgagua.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] Tembikuaaty ñepu'ã oñepyrũ akue Európape opa rire pe Renacimiento ha oho hese sa'ary XVIII pukukuévo, ipu'akaite pe avano'õ ñemoarandu jeheka rehe ojeheróva Ára Mba'ekuaáva (karaiñe'ẽme oje'e ilustración). Ndajaikuaái ramo araka'eitépa oñepyrũ, jaikuaa jepe oiko pe aranduka osẽ va'ekue 1543 jave ojeheróva De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (Yvága yvorakuéra ijerekue rehegua) ojapo Nicolás Copérnico, ha ojeipuru upe ary he'i hag̃ua oñepyrũrõguare ko tembikuaaty ñepu'ã.^[5]^[6]

Iñepyrũme, tembikuaaty ñepu'ã apoharakuéra oheka toikuaa jey umi ijypykuekuéra rembikuaa ndaiporivéima, tuichaitépe Ára Ymaguare pegua, upévare ojehero ku iñepyrũ tembikuaaty reñói jey ha oje'e opahague ary 1632 jave Galileo omosẽvo ikuatiañe'ẽ hérava Ñemongeta ko yvóra mokõi ypykatu tuichavéva rehegua (omombe'úva mba'éichapa oiko ñande arapy ha kuarahy ypykatu). Oje'e opahague ko tembikuaaty ñepu'ã karai Isaac Newton omosẽ hembiapokue hérava Principia ary 1687 jave, ohechaukávo umi mba'ekuaarã he'íva mba'éichapa mba'ekuéra omýi ha mba'éichapa oiko ñande Yvy mbaretepyte, upe guive iñambuepa mba'éichapa yvypóra ohecha hekoha.^[7]

Karai arandu hérava Alexandre Koyré ojapo ko ñe'ẽngue pyahu tembikuaaty ñepu'ã ary 1939 jave ombohéra hag̃ua ko ára pukukue.^[8]

Mandu'apy

↑ Galilei, Galileo (1974) 'Two New Sciences, trans. Stillman Drake, (Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Pr. pp. 217, 225, 296-7.
↑ Moody, Ernest A. (1951). «Galileo and Avempace: The Dynamics of the Leaning Tower Experiment (I)». Journal of the History of Ideas 12 (2): pp. 163-193. doi:10.2307/2707514. https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-history-of-ideas_1951-04_12_2/page/163.
↑ Clagett, Marshall (1961) The Science of Mechanics in the Middle Ages. Madison, Univ. of Wisconsin Pr. pp. 218-19, 252-5, 346, 409-16, 547, 576-8, 673-82.
↑ Maier, Anneliese (1982) "Galileo and the Scholastic Theory of Impetus," pp. 103-123. En On the Threshold of Exact Science: Selected Writings of Anneliese Maier on Late Medieval Natural Philosophy. Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Pr. ISBN 0812278313
↑ Hannam, p. 342.
↑ Edward Grant (1996), The Foundations of Modern Science in the Middle Ages: Their Religious, Institutional, and Intellectual Contexts, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
↑ Newton's Laws of Motion
↑ Shapin, Steven (1996). The Scientific Revolution.

[Galileo-1] Galilei, Galileo (1974) 'Two New Sciences, trans. Stillman Drake, (Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Pr. pp. 217, 225, 296-7.

[Moody-2] Moody, Ernest A. (1951). «Galileo and Avempace: The Dynamics of the Leaning Tower Experiment (I)». Journal of the History of Ideas 12 (2): pp. 163-193. doi:10.2307/2707514. https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-history-of-ideas_1951-04_12_2/page/163.

[Clagett-3] Clagett, Marshall (1961) The Science of Mechanics in the Middle Ages. Madison, Univ. of Wisconsin Pr. pp. 218-19, 252-5, 346, 409-16, 547, 576-8, 673-82.

[4] Maier, Anneliese (1982) "Galileo and the Scholastic Theory of Impetus," pp. 103-123. En On the Threshold of Exact Science: Selected Writings of Anneliese Maier on Late Medieval Natural Philosophy. Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Pr. ISBN 0812278313

[Hannam,_James_2011_p342-5] Hannam, p. 342.

[Grant-6] Edward Grant (1996), The Foundations of Modern Science in the Middle Ages: Their Religious, Institutional, and Intellectual Contexts, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

[7] Newton's Laws of Motion

[8] Shapin, Steven (1996). The Scientific Revolution.

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