Harshen Ovambo
| Owambo | |
|---|---|
| Oshiwambo | |
| 'Yan asalin ƙasar | Angola da Namibia |
| Ƙabilar | Owambo |
Masu magana da asali
|
(1,441,000 da aka ambata a 1990 mm) [1] |
Tsarin da aka saba amfani da shi
|
|
| Lambobin harshe | |
| ISO 639-1 | kj, ng
|
| ISO 639-2 | kua, ndo
|
| ISO 639-3 | A hanyoyi daban-daban:lnb/Interwiki" title="iso639-3:kwm">kwm" rel="mw:WikiLink/Interwiki" title="iso639-3:kua">kua - Kwanyama - ndo - Kwambi - Mbalanhu (Central Wambo) nne - Ngandjera |
| Glottolog | ndon1253
|
Lambobin Guthrie
|
R.20 (R.21–24,211–218,241–242)[2]
|
| Ambo | |
|---|---|
| Mutumin | Omuwambo |
| Mutane | Aawambo, Ovawambo |
| Harshe | Oshiwambo |
| Kasar | Owambo, Ouwambo |
Harshen Ovambo (Turanci: /ɒˈvæmboʊ/) yare ne da Mutanen Ovambo ke magana a kudancin Angola da arewacin Namibia, wanda ka'idodin rubuce-rubuce sune Kwanyama da Ndonga .
Sunan asalin yaren shine Oshiwambo (wanda aka rubuta Oshivambo), wanda kuma ake amfani dashi musamman ga yarukan Kwanyama da Ndonga. Ita ce mafi girman yaren yankin da ake magana a Namibia, musamman daga Mutanen Ovambo.
Harshen yana da alaƙa da na Herero da Himba, Harshen Herero (Otjiherero). Alamar kusanci a bayyane ita ce prefix da aka yi amfani da ita don sunayen harshe da yaren, Proto-Bantu *ki- (aji 7, kamar yadda yake cikin sunan yaren Swahili, Kiswahili), wanda a cikin Herero ya samo asali zuwa Otji- kuma a cikin Ovambo ya ci gaba zuwa Oshi-.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan samun 'yancin Namibia a shekarar 1990, an raba yankin da ake kira Ovamboland zuwa yankunan Ohangwena, Omusati, Oshana da Oshikoto. Yawan jama'a, wanda aka kiyasta tsakanin 700,000 da 750,000, yana canzawa sosai. Wannan ya faru ne saboda iyakar da mulkin mallaka na Portugal da Jamus suka tsara a lokacin mulkin mallaka, wanda ya ratsa yankin kabilar Oukwanyama, ya sanya wasu a Angola da wasu a Namibia. Wannan yana haifar da motsi na kan iyaka na yau da kullun.
Akwai kusan masu magana Oshiwambo miliyan daya a Namibia da Angola. Kodayake galibi ana magana da shi a yankunan arewacin Namibia, yawancin ma'aikatan ƙaura daga Ovamboland suna magana da shi sosai a duk faɗin ƙasar. Wadannan ma'aikata sun hada da babban bangare na yawan jama'a a garuruwa da yawa, musamman a kudu, inda akwai ayyuka a masana'antar hakar ma'adinai. Misali, a Lüderitz, motar awa 18 daga Ovamboland, akalla kashi 50% na yawan jama'a suna magana da Oshiwambo.
Sunan
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sunayen Ambo da Ovambo sun bayyana sun kasance sunaye ne. Duk da hasashe mai yawa, asalin su ba a sani ba.
Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Jamus sun kira kasar OvAmboland' da Amboland. A cikin Turanci, Ovamboland ya fi yawa, kodayake ana amfani da Ƙasar Ambo a wasu lokuta, kuma a cikin wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi daga Namibia, 'Owambo, Wamboland, da Owambo ana ganin su. Hanyoyin da ke cikin yankin sune Masarautun Owambo sune Ndonga, Kwanyama da Kwambi
Ana kiran mutane da OvAmbo' ko Ambo a Turanci. Hanyoyin da ke cikin yankin sune Aawambo (Ndonga) da Ovawambo (Kwanyama); ɗayan a lokuta biyu shine Omuwambo . Harshen ana kiransa Ovambo, Ambo, ko 'Oshiwambo' a cikin Turanci; sunan da ke cikin duka biyun shine Oshiwamb .
Ƙabilun Ovambo da yaruka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai yaruka takwas, gami da ka'idojin rubuce-rubuce guda biyu Kwanyama da Ndonga. Ovambo yanzu galibi suna bin tauhidin Kirista, bukukuwan addu'a da bukukuwa, amma wasu ayyukan addini na gargajiya sun ci gaba, kamar amfani da wuta mai tsarki. kuma kira mahaliccin su mafi girma Kalunga. Don haka, Ovamba sun fi son wani nau'i na Kiristanci kuma al'adun Oshiwambo sun fi rinjaye a arewacin kasar.
Tebur mai zuwa ya ƙunshi sunaye, yankuna, sunayen yaren da wuraren kabilun Ovambo bisa ga T. E. Tirronen's Ndonga-English Dictionary. Teburin kuma ƙunshi bayani game da wane nau'in suna na Proto-Bantu kalmomin suna cikin su.
| Yankin | Ƙabilar | Harshe | Wurin da yake |
|---|---|---|---|
| Darussan 9 (*ny > on-), 11 (uu-/ko-) | Class 2 (*wa-, a-) | Class 7 (*ki > oshi-) | |
| Ondonga | Aa-ndonga | Yaren Ndonga | Kudancin Ovamboland |
| Uu-kwambi | Aa-kwambi | Yaren Kwambi | Tsakiyar Ovamboland |
| O-ngandjera | Aa-ngandjera | Otshi-ngandjera | Tsakiyar Ovamboland |
| Uu-kwaluudhi | Aa-kwaluudhi | Otshi-kwaluudhi | Yammacin Ovamboland |
| O-mbalantu | Aa-mbalantu | Oshi-mbalantu | Yammacin Ovamboland |
| Uu-kolonkadhi | Aa-kolonkadhi | Otshi-kolonkadhi | Yammacin Ovamboland |
| Oukwanyama | Ova-kwanyama | Yaren Kwanyama | Arewa da Gabashin Ovamboland, Angola |
| Eunda | Ba tare da wani abu ba | Oshi-unda | arewa maso yamma, kusa da Epalela |
Maho (2009) ya lissafa wadannan a matsayin harsuna daban-daban a cikin rukuni na Ovambo: [2]
- Kwanyama
- Kafima
- Evale
- Mbandja
- Mbalanhu
- Ndongwena
- Kwankwa
- Dombondola
- Esinga
- Ndonga
- Kwambi
- Ngandjera
- Kwaluudhi
- Kolonkadhi-Eunda
Misali rubutu a cikin Ovambo (Kwanyama)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Omupangi umwe okwa li a nyeka nge embo olo, ndele ta gaba oshipalanyole shalo, nokupula nge ta kondjifa ngeenge ohandi ka ninga umwe womEendombwedi daJehova ile hasho.
Wata ma'aikaciyar jinya ta kwace ni littafin, ta kalli bangon, kuma ta bukaci in san ko zan zama ɗaya daga cikin Shaidun Jehobah.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Kwanyama at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Ndonga at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Kwambi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Mbalanhu (Central Wambo) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Ngandjera at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online