Istanbul
Istanbul, Turkey ke sab se barraa city hae jon ki 1923 talak Ottoman Empire ke capital rahaa. Ii city purana time me Byzantium aur Constantinople ke naam se jaanajaawat rahaa. Ii ek seaport hae aur Turkey ke khaas trade kare waala centre hae.
Istanbul ke aage Golden Horn aur Bosporus strait hae. Bosphorus, Black Sea aure Sea of Marmara ke jorre hae aur, Europe aur Asia ke separate kare hae. Ii city duuno Europe aur Asia me hae. Iske abaadi 11 aur 15 million ke biich me hae.
Iske pahila naam Greek me Byzantion aur Latin me Byzantium rahaa. Byzantium ke pahila dafe 667BC me Greek log aae ke base rahin. 196 AD me , Byzantium ke Romans log barbaad kar diin rahaa lekin baad me iske Roman Emperor Septimius Severus fir se banais. Constantine the Great sochis ki ii city ek achchhaa jagah pe hae aur 330 AD me Rome ke capital ke hian pe move kar diis rahaa, jiske suruu me New Roma bola jaawat rahaa lekin baad me iske naam badal ke Constantinople (Constantinopolis Greek bhasa me), rakh newa gais.
Jab Roman Empire ke dui bhaag me baat dewa gais tab ii city East Roman Empire, jiske Byzantine Empire ke naam se bhi jaana jaawat rhaa, ke capital banaa. Iske kuch din talak Crusaders log occupy kar liin rahaa lekin ii bahut din talak Europe ke ek political, cultural, religious aur economical center rahaa jab talak ii 1453 me Ottoman Turks ke niche nai aais.
| TIstanbul ke Turkish citizens me Ethnic groups(2019 KONDA survey) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Turks | 78% | ||
| Kurds | 17% | ||
| Zazas | 1% | ||
| Arabs | 1% | ||
| Others | 3% | ||
