Hukum Gauss
Hukum Gauss
Hukum Gauss
FISIKA TEKNIK
Copyright: Nuri_fisika_06
Diah Wulandari
MENU PILIHAN
STANDAR KOMPETENSI
KOMPETENSI DASAR
HUKUM GAUSS
POTENSIAL LISTRIK
&
ENERGI POTENSIAL LISTRIK
LKS
EVALUASI
SELESAI
LESSON PLAN
STANDAR KOMPETENSI
2
Menerapkan konsep kelistrikan dan
kemagnetan dalam berbagai
penyelesaian masalah dan produk
teknologi
KOMPETENSI DASAR
2.1
Memformulasikan gaya listrik, kuat
medan listrik, fluks, potensial listrik,
energi potensial listrik serta
penerapannya pada keping sejajar
HUKUM GAUSS
Untuk memahami hukum Gauss
kita harus mengetahui terlebih
dahulu tentang Fluks Listrik, |
u cos = u A E
Amati animasi berikut tentang
fluks listrik
Fluks listrik yang menembus suatu
permukaan tertutup sama dengan jumlah
muatan listrik yang dilingkupi oleh
permukaan tertutup itu dibagi dengan
permitivitas udara (The net flux passing through
any closed surface is equal to the net charge inside
the surface divided by c
o
)
Bagaimana pernyataan hukum
Gauss dalam bentuk
persamaan???
Tips
Perhatikan fluks listrik di sekitar benda-benda bermuatan
listrik dengan besar muatan tertentu !
Apakah yang dapat disimpulkan dari pengamatan anda ini ?
Persamaan Hukum Gauss
ingat persamaan jangan dihapal tapi diingat
cos
net
o
Q
EA u
c
u = =
2
2 2
0
cos 4
4
net e
Q Q
EA r E E k
r r
u t
tc
u = = = =
\
|
=
1 2
2 1
1 1
r r
q q k Ep
d
V
E =
u cos = u A E
Example: motion of an electron
V
ab
What is the speed of an electron accelerated from rest across a
potential difference of 100V? What is the speed of a proton
accelerated under the same conditions?
Given:
AV=100 V
m
e
= 9.1110
-31
kg
m
p
= 1.6710
-27
kg
|e| = 1.6010
-19
C
Find:
v
e
=?
v
p
=?
Observations:
1. given potential energy
difference, one can find the
kinetic energy difference
2. kinetic energy is related to
speed
i i f f
KE PE KE PE + = +
f i f
KE KE KE PE q V = = A = A
2
1 2
2
f f
q V
mv q V v
m
A
= A =
6 5
5.9 10 , 1.3 10
e p
m m
v v
s s
= =
Mini-quiz: potential energy of an
ion
Three ions, Na
+
, Na
+
, and Cl
-
, located such, that they
form corners of an equilateral triangle of side 2 nm in
water. What is the electric potential energy of one of the
Na
+
ions?
Cl
-
Na
+
Na
+
?
| |
Na Cl Na Na Na
e e e Cl Na
q q q q q
PE k k k q q
r r r
= + = +
but : !
Cl Na
q q =
| |
0
Na
e Na Na
q
PE k q q
r
= + =
Example : ionization energy of
the electron in a hydrogen atom
In the Bohr model of a hydrogen atom, the electron, if it is in the
ground state, orbits the proton at a distance of r = 5.2910
-11
m. Find
the ionization energy of the atom, i.e. the energy required to remove
the electron from the atom.
Note that the Bohr model, the idea of electrons as tiny balls orbiting the nucleus, is not
a very good model of the atom. A better picture is one in which the electron is spread
out around the nucleus in a cloud of varying density; however, the Bohr model does
give the right answer for the ionization energy
In the Bohr model of a hydrogen atom, the electron, if it is in the ground state,
orbits the proton at a distance of r = 5.29 x 10
-11
m. Find the ionization energy,
i.e. the energy required to remove the electron from the atom.
Given:
r = 5.292 x 10
-11
m
m
e
= 9.1110
-31
kg
m
p
= 1.6710
-27
kg
|e| = 1.6010
-19
C
Find:
E=?
The ionization energy equals to the total energy of the
electron-proton system,
E PE KE = +
2 2 2
18
2.18 10 J -13.6 eV
2 2
e
e e
k e e m e
E k k
r mr r
| |
= + = = ~
|
\ .
The velocity of e can be found by analyzing the force
on the electron. This force is the Coulomb force;
because the electron travels in a circular orbit, the
acceleration will be the centripetal acceleration:
c c
ma F =
2 2
,
2
e
e v
PE k KE m
r
= = with
or
2 2
2
,
e
v e
m k
r r
=
or
2
2
,
e
e
v k
mr
=
Thus, total energy is
Example of using Gausss Law
oh no! Ive just forgotten Coulombs Law!
r
2
Q
0
c
Q
= u
Not to worry I remember Gausss Law
By symmetry E is to surface
consider spherical surface
centred on charge
0
| |
c
Q
A E = = u
0
2
4 | |
c
t
Q
r E = =
2
0 0
2
4
1
4
1
| |
r
Q Q
r
E
tc c t
= =
0
2
4
1
c t
qQ
r
F =
F=qE
q
Phew!
Example of using Gausss Law
Whats the field around a charged spherical
shell?
Q
0
out
c
Q
= u
Again consider spherical
surface centred on
charged shell
2
0
4
1
| |
r
Q
E
tc
=
0 = E
Outside
out
u
in
u
So as e.g. 1
Inside
0
in
= u
charge within surface = 0
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