EBOOK TOEFL Masuk PTN PDF
EBOOK TOEFL Masuk PTN PDF
EBOOK TOEFL Masuk PTN PDF
TENTANG
TOEFL
TOEFL Paper-Based Test
TOEFL merupakan test proficiency, yaitu tes yang yang digunakan untuk: mengukur
kemampuan bahasa Inggris seseorang tanpa dikaitkan secara langsung dengan proses belajar
mengajar. Dengan demikian TOEFL berbeda dengan achievement test, yaitu tes yang lingkup ujinya
terbatas pada bahan yang telah dipelajari siswa dalam satu kelas bahasa Inggris. TOEFL mencakup
empat aspek yaitu (1) Listening Comprehension, (2) Structure dan Writen Expression, (3) Reading
Comprehension, dan (4) Test of Written English (TWE).
Ada tiga macam tes TOEFL yaitu International TOEFL test, Institutional TOEFL test, dan TOEFL
Like-Test. Perbedaanya adalah bahwa soal International TOEFL baru dalam setiap pelaksanaan tes.
Sedangkan soal institusional test dan TOEFL Like-test bersumber pada soal-soal beberapa tahun
sebelumnya dari Internasional TOEFL test. Masa berlaku tes TOEFL berbeda-beda. Untuk International
TOEFL test, masa berlakunya adalah dua tahun yang dapat diterima di seluruh universitas di dunia.
Ia juga dapat digunakan untuk melamar beasiswa ke luar negeri. Bagi Institutional TOEFL Test, masa
berlakunya hanya enam bulan, biayanya jauh lebih rendah, tidak dapat digunakan untuk mendaftar
ke universitas di luar negeri tetapi ada kalanya dapat dipakai untuk melamar beasiswa ke luar negeri.
TOEFL-like test tidak dapat digunakan untuk mendaftar ke universitas luar negeri, hanya untuk
memenuhi persyaratan universitas tertentu di Indonesia.
Section 1:
Listening Comprehension (pemahaman dalam mendengarkan)
Bagian (section) ini menguji kemampuan Anda dalam mendengarkan percakapan
ataupun pidato pendek dalam bahasa Inggris melalui tape atau media audio lainnya
yang disediakan oleh panitia tes TOEFL.
Jumlah soal: 50 soal dengan waktu: 40 menit.
Section 2
Structure and Written Expression (struktur dan ungkapan tertulis)
Bagian ini berkaitan dengan Grammar atau tata bahasa. Bagian ini menguji
kemampuan Anda dalam memahami tata bahasa Inggris dan ungkapan-ungkapan
yang lazim ada dalam bahasa tulis di dalam bahasa Inggris. Selain itu, bagian ini juga
menuntut kemampuan Anda dalam menggunakan dan mengetahui letak kesalahan
dari ungkapan atau tata bahasa tersebut.
Jumlah soal: 40 soal dengan waktu: 25 menit.
Section 3
Reading Comprehension (pemahaman bacaan)
Bagian (section) ini menguji kemampuan Anda dalam memahami berbagai jenis
bacaan ilmiah berkaitan dengan: topik, ide utama, isi bacaan, arti kata atau kelompok
kata, serta informasi detail yang berkaitan dengan bacaan tadi. Karena tingkat kosakata
dan tingkat kesulitan teks yang dipakai dalam bacaan cukup tinggi, Anda harus
menggunakan strategi yang tepat dalam mengerjakan bagian ini. Jumlah soal: 50 soal
dengan waktu: 55 menit.
Section 4
Test of Written English (TWE) (menulis)
Bagian (section) ini menguji kemampuan Anda dalam menulis bahasa Inggris dalam
bentuk esai. Anda akan diberikan satu topik tertentu dan selanjutnya Anda diminta
untuk menuangkan dalam bentuk tulisan esai pendek. Namun tidak semua tes TOEFL
mengujikan TWE, bahkan hanya sedikir yang memasukkannya sebagai salah satu materi
pengujian. Skor TWE diberikan secara terpisah dari skor TOEFL secara keseluruhan. Skala
penilaiannya berkisar antara 1-6. Bila TWE termasuk bagian yang diujikan dalam sebuah
tes TOEFL, biasanya ia dilaksanakan sebelum ujian Listening Comprehension.
Jumlah soal: 1 soal dengan waktu: 30 menit.
Sub Test
Jumlah Soal
Waktu (menit)
Listening Comprehension
50
40
40
25
Reading Comprehension
50
55
1 topik esai
30
Untuk mengetahui skor TOEFL, Anda dapat menggunakan tabel konversi yang ada di
bawah ini.
Contoh menghitung skor TOEFL:
Jawaban
Benar
Listening Comprehension
47
65
36
61
Reading Comprehension
45
60
Sub Test
186
1860/3
620
Listening
Structure
Reading
50
68
67
49
67
66
48
66
65
47
65
63
46
63
61
45
62
60
44
61
59
43
60
58
42
59
57
41
58
56
40
57
68
55
39
57
67
54
38
56
65
54
37
55
63
53
36
54
61
52
35
54
60
52
34
53
58
51
33
52
57
50
32
52
56
49
31
51
55
48
30
51
54
48
29
50
53
47
28
49
52
46
27
49
51
46
26
48
50
45
25
48
49
44
24
47
48
43
23
47
47
43
22
46
46
42
21
45
45
41
20
45
44
40
19
44
43
39
18
43
42
38
17
42
41
37
16
41
40
36
15
41
40
35
14
38
38
34
13
37
37
32
12
37
36
31
11
35
35
30
10
33
33
29
32
31
28
32
29
28
31
27
27
30
26
26
29
25
25
28
23
24
27
22
23
26
21
23
25
20
22
24
20
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Section 1
Listening Comprehension
Pemahaman Mendengarkan
Listening Comprehension bertujuan menguji kemampuan Anda dalam
memahami bahasa lisan. Akan tetapi, untuk bisa memahami bahasa lisan tersebut,
di samping harus membiasakan diri mendengarkan bahasa Inggris lisan, Anda harus
memiliki pengetahuan struktur bahasa (tata bahasa) Inggris yang memadai. Semua
kalimat dalam bagian ini menggunakan kalimat yang gramatikal (benar menurut tata
bahasa) dan biasanya dalam bentuk kalimat lengkap. Semua kalimat tersebut diucapkan
dalam percakapan bahasa Inggris.
Untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan listening comprehension dengan baik,
Anda dituntut memiliki kemampuan untuk:
(1) memahami tekanan dan nada,
(2) memahami perbedaan bunyi,
(3) memahami idiom,
(4) memahami ungkapan-ungkapan percakapan,
(5) memahami kelompok atau frasa kata kerja,
(6) menemukan informasi yang tersirat (tak dinyatakan secara jelas),
(7) memahami perbandingan, dan
(8) memahami makna/isi percakapan atau pembicaraan.
Tips
1. Pahami bentuk-bentuk perintah (direction) pada masing-masing bagian (part)
dengan baik sebelum hari-H ujian.
2. Bacalah pilihan pada masing-masing soal sebanyak mungkin ketika narator
sedang membacakan direction dan contoh soal (example).
3. Dengarkan dengan penuh konsentrasi dan fokuskan perhatian Anda pada
percakapan yang sedang Anda dengarkan.
4. Maksimalkan kemampuan listening Anda pada soal-soal pertama pada masingmasing part.
JENIS-JENIS PERTANYAAN
Anda sangat perlu memahami berbagai bentuk pertanyaan Listening Comprehension
seperti:
1. Pertanyaan yang menanyakan Pikiran Utama (Main Idea)
What are they talking about?
(Apa yang sedang mereka bicarakan?)
2. Pertanyaan yang menanyakan Topik Pembicaraan
What is the topic of this talk?
(Apa topik dari percakapan ini?)
3. Pertanyaan yang menanyakan Kesimpulan (Conclusion/Inference)
What can we infer from the talk?
(Apa yang dapat kita simpulkan dari pembicaraan tersebut?)
4. Pertanyaan yang menanyakan Informasi yang Detail (Detailed Information)
mengenai: Siapa (Who), Apa (What), Di mana (Where), Kapan (When), dan Bagaimana
(How).
Where did it happen?
(Di mana terjadinya?)
Semua soal akan diperdengarkan melalui tape dan tidak ada headphone, melainkan
menggunakan speaker (pengeras suara) yang telah dipersiapan untuk tes TOEFL.
Pembicara dalam tape menggunakan pengucapan dan ekspresi American English
(bahasa Inggris Amerika) yang ucapan maupun ekspresinya agak berbeda dengan
British English (bahasa lnggris Britania). Anda perlu sekali memahami perbedaannya,
terutama cara pengucapannya. Pengetahuan yang cukup mengenai perbedaan bahasa
Inggris Britania dan bahasa Inggris Amerika khususnya dalam hal pronounciation
(pengucapan) akan sangat mendukung kemampuan Anda dalam mengerjakan tes
listening comprehension.
PART A
Pada Part A, Anda akan mendengar sekitar 30 percakapan pendek (short
conversation/dialogue) antara dua orang, dan setiap satu percakapan akan diikuti
oleh satu pertanyaan. Rata-rata satu pembicara hanya berbicara satu kali. Ketika Anda
mendengarkan percakapan Anda harus memperhatikan dengan cermat ungkapan
yang diucapkan oleh pembicara kedua, karena biasanya kata kunci untuk menjawab
berada pada kalimat yang diucapkan oleh pembicara kedua.
Pembicara kedua biasanya akan memberikan informasi penting yang membuat
Anda bisa menjawab pertanyaan. Setelah satu percakapan selesai, Anda akan mendengar
sebuah pertanyaan. Empat pilihan jawaban sudah tersedia dalam lembar soal. Semua
jawaban disusun secara gramatikal, dan tampaknya semua benar. Namun sebenarnya
HANYA ADA SATU jawaban yang benar. Anda hanya diberi waktu 10 sampai 12 detik
untuk menjawab setiap soalnya.
Pada lembar soal (sebelum mengerjakan soal listening) Anda perlu membaca
dengan cermat petunjuk mengerjakan soal. Berikut adalah petunjuk atau perintah yang
harus Anda pahami.
PART A
Directions
In Part A, you will hear short conversations between two speakers. At the end of
each conversation a third voice will ask a question about what was said. The question
will be spoken just one time. After you hear a conversation and the question about it,
read the four possible answers and decide which one would be the best answer to the
question you have heard. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the problem
and mark your answer.
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Petunjuk
Pada Bagian A, Anda akan mendengarkan percakapan-percakapan pendek antara
dua pembicara. Di akhir setiap percakapan, ada suara ketiga yang menanyakan tentang
apa yang diungkapkan dalam percakapan. Pertanyaan hanya akan diucapkan sekali.
Setelah Anda mendengarkan sebuah percakapan dan pertanyaan tentang percakapan
tersebut, bacalah keempat pilihan jawaban dan tentukan mana yang merupakan
jawaban terbaik dari pertanyaan yang telah Anda dengar. Kemudian, pada lembar jawab
Anda, lihatlah nomor soal dan hitamkan pilihan jawabannya.
Setelah membaca petunjuk di atas, Anda akan mendengar sebuah percakapan
pendek sebagai berikut.
Man
Jawab
: C He appreciates his writing style.
Kata kunci : I like his style
Pembahasan : Laki-laki tersebut menjelaskan, His books were never in the top
ten, but I like his style. Ini artinya buku-buku pengarang tersebut
tidak pernah berada pada urutan sepuluh terbaik (atau terlaris)
tetapi dia menyukai gayanya. Ini berarti bahwa laki-laki tersebut
menghargai gaya tulisan sang penulis.
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PART B
Pada Part B, Anda akan mendengar sebuah percakapan panjang (long conversation/
dialogue) antara dua orang dan setiap satu percakapan panjang akan diikuti oleh
beberapa pertanyaan.
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Teks lisan setiap percakapan panjang terdiri atas 140 s.d. 290 kata dan berlangsung
sekitar 40 sampai 80 detik. Topiknya bersifat lebih akademis bila dibandingkan dengan
Part A dan materinya berbicara seputar sejarah, ilmu pengetahuan, atau organisasi
universitas, dan kadang-kadang Anda perlu memerhatikan informasi yang berkaitan
dengan angka-angka yang terdapat dalam percakapan ini. Di sini, Anda memiliki
waktu kira-kira 12 detik untuk menjawab beberapa pertanyaan dalam satu percakapan
panjang.
Setelah percakapan panjang selesai, Anda akan mendengar beberapa pertanyaan
yang diucapkan sekali. Pertanyaan tersebut biasanya dimulai dengan kata-kata tanya
(question words) terutama:
What (Apa/Apa yang/Berapa),
How (Bagaimana/Berapa, Bagaimana),
Where (Di mana, ke mana),
Why (Mengapa)
Who (Siapa), dan
Whom (Kepada/Dengan siapa)
Berikut ini adalah contoh soal dan skrip percakapan panjang.
PART B
Directions
In Part B, you will hear longer conversations. After each conversation, you will be
asked some questions. The conversations and questions will be spoken just one time.
They will not be written out for you, so you will have to listen carefully in order to
understand and remember what the speaker says.
When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and
decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Then, on
your answer sheet, find the number of the problem and fill in the space that corresponds
to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Petunjuk
Di Bagian B, Anda akan mendengar percakapan-percakapan yang lebih panjang.
Setelah satu percakapan panjang diperdengarkan, Anda akan diberi beberapa pertanyaan.
Percakapan dan pertanyaan-pertanyaan hanya akan diucapkan sekali. Pertanyaanpertanyaan itu tidak akan dijumpai di lembar soal, sehingga Anda harus mendengarkan
dengan cerrnat supaya bisa memahami dan mengingat apa yang dibicarakan oleh
pembicara.
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Script Part B
Man : I cant believe we have to read this entire book by Monday.
Woman : Some teachers think you have nothing else to do besides prepare for their
class.
Man : Well, my boss thinks the same thing about my jobthat its the only thing I
have to do.
Woman : Oh, I didnt know you were working. What do you do?
Man : I do bookkeeping work for a small company on Saturdays. This weekend,
I have to prepare end of the quarter reports to give to the accountant on
Monday.
Woman : Youd better start reading soon.
Tulisan dalam buku tes Anda:
A. It is too much to read in such a short time.
B. He has already read the material.
C. He can read at work.
D. The teacher knows that he has a job.
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Jawab
: A It is too much to read in such a short time.
Kata kunci : I cant believe we have to read this entire book by Monday
Pembahasan : Ucapan si pria I cant believe we have to read this entire book by
Monday (aku tak percaya kita harus membaca seluruh buku ini
sebelum hari Senin) berarti jumlah halaman yang harus dibaca
sangat banyak sementara ia hanya mempunyai waktu sedikit.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
PART C
Pada Part C, Anda akan mendengarkan teks lisan berupa ceramah pendek (short
lecture/talk) dan setiap satu ceramah pendek akan diikuti oleh beberapa pertanyaan.
Biasanya setelah kuliah atau ceramah pendek, Anda akan mendengar 3 (tiga) sampai 7
(tujuh) pertanyaan.
Teks lisan setiap ceramah terdiri atas 140 sampai 290 kata dan berlangsung sekitar
40 sampal 80 detik. Topiknya bersifat lebih akademis bila dibandingkan dengan Part A
dan materinya berbicara seputar sejarah, ilmu pengetahuan, atau organisasi universitas,
dan kadang-kadang Anda perlu memperhatikan informasi yang berkaitan dengan
angka-angka yang terdapat dalam percakapan ini. Di sini, Anda memiliki waktu kira-kira
12 detik untuk menjawab heberapa pertanyaan dalarn satu ceramah.
Berikut ini adalah sebuah contoh soal serta skrip salah satu ceramah.
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PART C
Directions
In Part C, you will hear several talks. After each talk, you will be asked some questions.
The talks and questions will be spoken just one time. They will not be written out for
you, so you will have to listen carefully in order to understand and remember what the
speaker says.
When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and
decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Then, on
your answer sheet, find the number of the problem and fill in the space that corresponds
to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Petunjuk
Pada Bagian C, Anda akan mendengar beberapa pembicaraan/ceramah. Setelah
ceramah, Anda akan diberi beberapa pertanyaan. Teks ceramah dan pertanyaanpertanyaan akan diucapkan sekali saja. Teks ceramah dan pertanyaan-pertanyaan tersebut
tidak akan ditunjukkan secara tertulis kepada Anda, karena itu Anda harus mendengarkan
secara cermat agar bisa memahami dan mengingat apa yang diucapkan oleh pembicara.
Ketika Anda mendengar sebuah pertanyaan, bacalah keempat pilihan jawaban di
buku soal Anda dan tentukan satu jawaban terbaik untuk pertanyaan yang telah Anda
dengar. Kemudian pada lembar jawab, temukan nomor soal dan hitamkan huruf yang
cocok dengan pilihan jawabannya.
Setelah membaca petunjuk di atas, bacalah soal yang mengikutinya. Berikut ini
adalah contoh cuplikan soal listening untuk Part C.
Skrip Part C
The reason were meeting today is to introduce the plan for our new office layout.
Starting next month, instead of cubicles, we will have an open office. There will be no
cubicle walls or partitions. Instead, desks will be arranged in clusters for each department.
The desks in each department will be facing each other in clusters of four or six. We feel
this will facilitate better communication between workers in each department. It will
also create a more welcoming environment for clients. The department managers will
still have their own offices, but each will have large windows and glass doors, to make
employees and clients feel welcome to come inside. Were also going to paint the walls
and put in new carpeting. The project will start on the first of next month and should
take about three weeks to complete. We will be moving to the third floor during that
period.
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Jawab
: A An office renovation.
Kata kunci : our new office layout
Pembahasan : Dari frasa our new office layout (denah baru kantor kita) kita
dapat menyimpulkan bahwa kantor tersebut akan direnovasi.
Tips: Part C Short Lecture/Talk
1. Bila Anda memiliki waktu, lihatlah pilihan-pilihan jawaban yang tertera pada
lembar soal dan temukan kata kuncinya.
2. Waspadailah pembicaraan pada kalimat pertama karena biasanya akan menjadi
topik bagi kalimat-kalimat selanjutnya.
3. Fokuskan pendengaran Anda pada hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan pertanyaan
5W+1H (what, who, when, where, why dan how).
4. Buatlah kesimpulan/inferasi atas situasi yang terjadi saat pembicaraan
dilakukan.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
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Section 2
Structure and Written Expression dalam TOEFL bertujuan untuk menguji kemampuan
Anda dalam mengidentifikasi bahasa Inggris tulis yang digunakan dalam situasi formal
(formal written English). Banyak ekspresi bahasa Inggris yang bisa diterima dalam
komunikasi lisan, namun tidak bisa diterima atau tidak lazim digunakan dalam komunikasi tulis, apalagi yang bersifat formal.
Anda dituntut untuk bisa menentukan kalimat-kalimat mana yang paling efektif, dan
benar dalam pengungkapannya, sehingga pengetahuan yang cukup tentang grammar
sangat diperlukan karena Anda bisa dengan mudah mengidentifikasi kesalahankesalahan yang ada pada kalimat-kalimat tersebut.
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PART A
STRUCTURE
Part A, yang terdiri dari 15 pertanyaan/soal, dirancang untuk menguji kemampuan
Anda dalam mengenali bahasa yang tepat dipakai dalam bahasa Inggris tulis standar
(standard written English). Kelima belas pertanyaan tersebut semuanya berupa kalimat
tidak lengkap. Di bawah masing-masing kalimat, Anda akan menjumpai empat pilihan
(A, B, C, atau D) yang berupa kata atau frasa. Anda harus memilih salah satu dari keempat
pilihan tersebut yang paling tepat digunakan untuk melengkapi kalimat soal.
DIRECTIONS
Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four
words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that best
completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question
and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Fill in
the space so that the letter inside the oval cannot be seen.
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PETUNJUK
Pertanyaan 1-15 berupa kalimat-kalimat tidak lengkap. Di bawah masing-masing
kalimat Anda akan melihat empat kata atau frasa yang ditandai dengan huruf (A), (B), (C)
dan (D). Pilihlah satu kata atau frasa yang paling tepat untuk melengkapi kalimat tersebut.
Kemudian pada lembar jawab Anda temukan nomor pertanyaan tersebut dan hitamkan
bulatan yang sesuai dengan huruf (pilihan) jawaban Anda. Hitamkan sampai huruf di
tengah bulatan tersebut tidak terlihat.
1.
There ... antique furniture available in this gallery three days ago.
A. was not
B. was no
C. is not
D. is no
2.
Jawab
: B was no
Kata kunci : there; antique furniture
Pembahasan : Penggunaan there di awal kalimat harus diikuti to be. Karena
setelah to be yang dibutuhkan terdapat frasa kata benda
(antique furniture) maka dibutuhkan no. Terakhir, karena ada
penggunaan adverbia three days ago yang menunjukkan waktu
lampau, maka bentuk to be-nya harus lampau, yaitu was.
2.
Jawab
: C were
Kata kunci : studied
Pembahasan : Fatter merupakan kata sifat jadi dibutuhkan to be. Penggunaan
studied menunjukkan bahwa kalimat ini bersifat lampau, jadi to
be-nya juga harus lampau. Terakhir, karena subjeknya you, to be
yang tepat adalah were.
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PART B
Written Expression
Part B, yang terdiri dari 25 pertanyaan, berupa kalimat-kalimat. Masing-masing
kalimat memiliki empat kata atau frasa yang digaris bawah, dan ditandai dengan huruf
(A), (B), (C), atau (D). Anda diminta memilih salah satu dari keempat kata atau frasa
tersebut yang harus diganti untuk membuat kalimat itu menjadi benar. Dengan kata
lain, Anda diminta untuk memilih salah satu dari keempat kata/frasa yang salah.
Berikut ini adalah petunjuk mengerjakan soal pada Part B disertai satu contoh soal
beserta bahasan jawaban dari soal tersebut.
DIRECTIONS
In questions 16-40, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The
four underlined part of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one
underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
PETUNJUK
Pada soal no. 16-40 setiap kalimat memiliki empat kata atau frasa yang digaris bawah.
Keempat bagian kalimat yang digaris bawah tersebut ditandai dengan huruf (A), (B), (C)
dan (D). Temukan satu kata atau frasa yang digaris bawah yang harus diganti agar kalimat
itu menjadi benar. Kemudian, pada lembar jawab Anda, temukan nomor soal/pertanyaan
tersebut dan hitamkan bulatan sesuai dengan hurufjawaban yang telah Anda pilih.
Contoh:
1.
Jawab
: A with
Kata kunci : modified
Pembahasan : Kata modified pada kalimat adalah predikat kalimat, jadi tidak
membutuhkan preposisi. Dengan demikian kata with seharusnya
dihilangkan.
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2.
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Section 3
READING COMPREHENSION
PEMAHAMAN BACAAN
24
JENIS PERTANYAAN
Menjawab pertanyaan bagian reading comprehension dapat dipersiapkan dengan memahami berbagai jenis pertanyaan. Berikut ini adalah berbagai tipe pertanyaan yang
sering muncul di TOEFL.
25
26
E.
Salah satu bagian penting dalam reading comprehension adalah menjawab tentang
detail. Pertanyaan ini menanyakan fakta-fakta yang terdapat dalam bacaan mengenai:
who, what, where, when, dan how.
Sebagian besar pertanyaan pada bagian pemahaman bacaan termasuk dalam
kategori tipe pertanyaan detail. Tipe pertanyaan ini bertanya mengenai sebagian
kecil dari bacaan, bukan bacaan secara menyeluruh dan sekaligus bertanya mengenai
informasi tersurat yang diungkapkan dalam bacaan.
27
F.
Passage
Robert Moog was an American inventor who developed the Moog Synthesizer. It
was one of the first synthesizers to gain widespread use as a musical instrument. Moogs
synthesizers were an important part of musical innovation in rock and jazz music in the
1 960s and 1 970s. Robert Arthur Moog was born in Queens, a borough of New York City
75 years ago. He became fascinated with electronics as a teenager, particularly an early
electronic music instrument called the theremin. Moog studied physic and electrical
engineering at Queens College and Columbia University, both in New York City, and later
received a Ph.D. in engineering physic Cornel University in Ithaca, New York. In 1954,
while still an undergraduate student, Moog formed his own company to sell theremins
and theremin kits.
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Soon after, Moog began working on a keyboard instrument that could replicate
the sound of any musical instrument electronically. Working with American composer
Herbert Deutsch, Moog introduced the prototype Moog Synthesizer at a convention in
1964. The device represented a significant advance over previous electronic synthesizer
because of its use of new semiconductor technology, which made it smaller and
considerably cheaper than earlier machines. The Moog, as it was known, was soon in
demand by musician all over the world.
In 1964, Moog began a collaboration with American composer and organist
Walter Carlos (now Wendy Carlos), who released the bestselling electronic music album
Switched-On Bach in 1968. Rock groups such as the Beatles and Yes and jazz musicians
such as Herbie Hancock and Chick Corea began incorporating Moog Synthesizer into
their recordings, a trend that increased when the company introduced the compact and
portable Minimoog in 1970. A Moog Synthesizer was also prominently featured on the
soundtrack to the movie A Clockwork Orange in 1971.
(Source: Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2008)
1.
2.
3.
29
4.
According to the passage, all of the following are true about The Moog, EXCEPT
A. it was invented by Robert Moog
B. it was first introduced in 1964
C. it initiated new technology which was smaller and cheaper than previous machines
D. it was the first synthesizer in the world
5.
6.
Jawab
: A significantly
Kata kunci : A Moog Synthesizer was also prominently featured
Pembahasan : Kata prominently berarti menonjol. Sementara itu masingmasing pilihan jawaban berarti menonjol (significantly),
sempurna (perfectly), akurat (accurately), dan baik
(excellently). Jadi jawaban yang tepat adalah significantly.
2.
Jawab
: B initial electronic music instrument
Kata kunci : an early electronic music instrument called the theremin
Pembahasan : Pada paragraf pertama bacaan disebutkan an early electronic
music instrument called the theremin (alat musik elektronik
pertama yang disebut theremin). Kata early bersinonim dengan
initial yang sama-sama bermakna awal. Jadi jawaban yang
tepat adalah initial electronic music instrument.
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3.
Jawab
: C prototype of Moog Synthesizer
Kata kunci : The Moog, as it was known, was soon in demand
Pembahasan : Lihat kalimat terakhir pada paragraf kedua: The Moog, as it was
known, was soon in demand by musician all over the world (The
Moog, begitu alat ini dinamakan, dengan segera dicari oleh para
musisi di seluruh dunia). Kata it pada kalimat ini merujuk pada
subjek The Moog. Jadi jawaban yang tepat adalah prototype of
Moog Synthesizer.
4.
Jawab
: D it was the first synthesizer in the world
Kata kunci : smaller and considerably cheaper than earlier machines
Pembahasan : Pilihan A, B, dan C dapat ditemukan pada teks. Di kalimat ketiga
paragraf kedua disebutkan bahwa which made it smaller and
considerably cheaper than earlier machines (yang membuatnya
lebih kecil dan karenanya lebih murah daripada alat-alat
sebelumnya). Jadi The Moog bukan synthesizer pertama di
dunia.
5.
Jawab
: C the improvement of Moog Synthesizer
Kata kunci : In 1964, Moog began a collaboration with American composer
Pembahasan : Paragraf terakhir bacaan membahas kerja sama Moog dengan
banyak musisi terkenal dan berbagai film. Jadi jika bacaan ini
akan diteruskan dengan paragraf baru, kemungkinan besar
paragraf baru itu akan membahas perkembangan Moog
selanjutnya (the improvement of Moog Synthesizer).
6.
Jawab
: A the Moogs collaboration in music field
Kata kunci : In 1964, Moog began a collaboration with American composer
Pembahasan : Kalimat pertama paragraf ketiga diawali dengan In 1964,
Moog began a collaboration with American composer (Di tahun
1964, Moog memulai kolaborasi dengan komposer Amerika).
Kelanjutan paragraf ini juga membahas kolaborasi-kolaborasi
lain yang dilakukan The Moog. Jadi gagasan utama paragraf ini
adalah kolaborasi Moog di bidang musik (the Moogs collaboration
in music field).
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32
practice
test
Section 1
Listening Comprehension
Section 2
Structure and Written Expression
Section 3
Reading Comprehension
33
Section 1
Listening Comprehension
34
PART A
DIRECTIONS
In Part A, you will hear short conversations between two people. After each
conversation, you will hear a question about the conversation. The conversations and
questions will not be repeated. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers
in your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the
number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer
you have chosen.
Now begin work on the questions.
1.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
2.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
3.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
4.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
5.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
35
6.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
7.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
8.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
9.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
10. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
11. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
12. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
13. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
36
14. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
15. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
He is sick.
He did not wish to attend the function.
He came to the party, but the man did not see him.
He is in jail in another city.
16. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
17. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
18. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
19. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
He thinks somebody broke the machine and kept quiet about it.
He thinks the machine has been repaired.
There are insects in the machine.
He damaged the machine.
20. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
21. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
37
22. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
23. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
24. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
25. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
26. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
27. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
28. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
29. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Give up.
Keep trying.
Look at the book.
Call the help desk.
38
30. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
She is ill.
She will work tomorrow.
She has quit her job.
She cancelled the doctors appointment.
PART B
DIRECTIONS
In Part B, you will hear longer conversations. After each conversation, you will be
asked some questions. The conversations and the questions will be spoken just one
time. They will not be written out for you, so you will have to listen carefully in order to
understand and remember what the speaker says.
When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and
decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Then, on
your answer sheet, find the number of the problem and fill in the space that corresponds
to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
31. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
32. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
33. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
34. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
A difficult book.
A computer program.
A mathematics problem.
A composition.
39
35. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
36. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Take notes.
Ask the woman again.
Get the manual.
Experiment.
37. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
PART C
DIRECTIONS
In Part C, you will hear several talks. After each talk, you will be asked some
questions. The talks and questions will be spoken just one time. They will not be written
out for you, so you will have to listen carefully in order to understand and remember
what the speaker says.
When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and
decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Then, on
your answer sheet, find the number of the problem and fill in the space that corresponds
to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
38. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
An ancient tool.
An old book.
Ancient artwork.
Fossilized bones.
39. (A) That Africans were more advanced than Middle Easterners.
(B) That Middle Easterners were more advanced than Africans.
(C) That the Chinese were more advanced than both Middle Easterners and Africans.
(D) That Africans and Middle Easterners were more advanced than anybody else.
40
40. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
41. (A) Because using the endoscope in that system is more painful than in other
systems.
(B) Because there is a natural flow, facilitated by the body itself.
(C) Because the digestive juices will not dissolve the capsule.
(D) Because there is more incidence of illness in the digestive system than in other
areas.
42. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
43. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
44. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
A camera.
Lights.
A transmitter.
A scalpel.
45. (A) The capsule is an advance in science along the same lines as digital and
wireless technology.
(B) The capsule will be easy to control as it moves through the body.
(C) Scientists generally believe that this technology will replace endoscopes in a
few years.
(D) The capsule will dissolve before it reaches the end.
46. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
41
47. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
An enzyme.
A hormone.
Morphine.
A reaction.
48. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
49. (A) Both parents must carry the train for it to be inherited.
(B) There is a specific mathematical calculation to determine who will inherit the
disease.
(C) Even though it can be inherited, it is not expected to be subject to testing.
(D) It can be inherited but is not inherited by all family members.
50. (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
42
Section 2
43
STRUCTURE
DIRECTIONS
Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four
words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C) and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that best
completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question
and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Fill in
the space so that the letter inside the oval cannot be seen.
1.
2.
3. The faculty of the university is not expected to approve the collective bargaining
proposal, and __________
(A) the administration either
(B) neither is the administration
(C) neither the administration
(D) the administration is not neither
4. The gymnasium facilities of this public school are __________ those of the finest
private school in the county.
(A) second after
(B) second only to
(C) first except for
(D) second place from
44
5. In spite __________ seen as a comfortable and open speaker, Larry dislikes public
speaking and will do almost anything to avoid it.
(A) have been
(B) of being
(C) being
(D) having been
6. The Old Man and the Sea, a novel about an old fishermans harrowing adventure
catching a huge fish, is one of Ernest Hemingways __________ books.
(A) most famous
(B) the most famous
(C) are most famous
(D) and most famous
7.
8. If the drivers own car __________ damaged, the favorite probably would have won
the race.
(A) had not been
(B) not
(C) no had been
(D) has no be
9.
10. The man displayed his anger when he discovered that the ATM was __________
order.
(A) out
(B) out of
(C) no on
(D) outside
45
11. Whereas many people visit internet sites where products are sold, a great number
of them still __________ to actually make purchases online.
(A) are hesitant
(B) hesitating
(C) hesitation
(D) being hesitant
12. The Strangler Fig Tree, __________ Borneo, grows from seeds deposited in the top
of trees around which the Fig Tree grows.
(A) native to
(B) native from
(C) how native to
(D) is native to
13. Neither Professor Johnson nor any other faculty member __________ to apply for
the deans position.
(A) intend
(B) intends
(C) are intending
(D) has intend
14.
It is not clear when __________, although there are many different theories.
(A) dinosaurs becoming extinct
(B) dinosaurs extinction
(C) dinosaurs became extinct
(D) did dinosaurs become extinct
15. Internet companies rely heavily on income from online purchases, but
__________.
(A) traditional companies as well
(B) traditional companies too
(C) also traditional companies
(D) so do traditional companies
46
WRITTEN EXPRESSION
DIRECTIONS
In questions 16-40, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The
four underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C) and (D). Identify the one
underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
16. The workers attempted to free the cat from the trap, but several obstacles were
A
B
C
in way.
D
17. Attorneys who practice in the area of personal injury generally spending
A
considerably more money on advertising in telephone books and on television
B
than other types of attorneys.
C
D
18. Effective speaking and proficient writing is generally seen as requirements for
A
B
C
D
a professor to achieve tenure.
19. Some people enjoy preparing their own meals while another would rather eat
A
B
C
D
out regularly.
20. The professor decided to allow the students to take the examination a second
A
B
C
47
48
29. After the data has received and reviewed, the finance department employees
A
B
should be able to determine the best course of action.
C
D
30. Listening to recorded books while driving is a means of utilize time wisely.
A
B
C
D
31. The company had been operate in an old warehouse since its inception, when
A
B
it built a huge, efficient and modern office building.
C
D
32. Johns wisdom teeth were troubling him, so he went to a dental surgeon to see
A
B
about having them pull.
C
D
33. The meeting is being held in the fifth floor of the convention center, but there
A
B
C
are functions on every floor.
D
34. Not only could the younger people completed all the work quickly and accu
A
B
rately, but the retired workers could also.
C D
35. If the Board had not reserved its position on the petition to approve the fence,
A
B
the owner would had to remove it.
C
D
36. In 1947, Jackie Robinson became a first Black American to play major league
A
B
C
D
baseball.
49
50
Section 3
reading comprehension
51
(5)
(10)
(15)
(20)
Bees, classified into over 10,000 species, are insects found in almost every part of the world except the northernmost and southernmost regions. One
commonly known species is the honeybee, the only bee that produces honey
and wax. Humans use the wax in making candles, lipsticks and other products,
and they use the honey as a food. While gathering the nectar and pollen with
which they make honey, bees are simultaneously helping to fertilize the flowers
on which they land. Many fruits and vegetables would not survive if bees did not
carry the pollen from blossom to blossom.
Bees live in a structured environment and social structure within a hive,
which is a nest with storage space for the honey. The different types of bees each
perform a unique function. The worker bee carries nectar to the hive in a special
stomach called the honey stomach. Other workers make beeswax and shape it
into a honeycomb, which is a waterproof mass of six-sided compartments, or
cells. The queen lays eggs in completed cells. As the workers build more cells, the
queen lays more eggs.
All workers, like the queen, are female, but the workers are smaller than the
queen. The male honeybees are called drones; they do not work and cannot sting.
They are developed from unfertilized eggs, and their only job is to impregnate a
queen. The queen must be fertilized in order to lay worker eggs. During the season where less honey is available and the drone is of no further use, the workers
block the drones from eating the honey so that they will starve to death.
1.
2.
52
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
According to the passage honey is carried to the hive in a honey stomach by the
(A) queens
(B) drones
(C) males
(D) workers
53
9.
In what way does the reading imply that bees are useful in nature?
(A) They pollinate fruit and vegetable plants
(B) They make marvelous creations from wax
(C) They kill the dangerous drones
(D) They create storage spaces
10.
11. The passage implies that bees can be found in each of the following parts of the
world except
(A) Africa
(B) China
(C) Europe
(D) Antarctica
12.
54
Questions 13-25
Line
(5)
(10)
(15)
(20)
(25)
13.
The term lichen refers to any of over 20,000 species of thallophytic plants
that consists of a symbiotic association of algae and fungi, plural for alga and fungus. Previously, lichens were classified as single organisms until scientists had the
benefit of microscopes, at which time they discovered the association between
algae and fungi. Thus, the lichen itself is not an organism, but the morphological
and biochemical product of the association. Neither a fungus nor an alga alone can
produce a lichen.
The intimate symbiotic relationship between these two living components
of a lichen is said to be mutualistic, meaning that both organisms benefit from a
relationship. It is not certain when fungi and algae came together to form lichens
for the first time, but it certainly occurred after the mature development of the
separate components.
It appears that the fungus actually gains more benefit from the relationship than does the alga. Algae form simple carbohydrates that, when excreted, are
absorbed by fungi cells and transformed into a different carbohydrate. Algae also
produce vitamins that the fungi need. Yet, fungi also contribute to the symbiosis
by absorbing water vapor from the air and providing shade for the algae, which are
more sensitive to light.
Lichens grow relatively slowly, and it is uncertain how they propagate. Most
botanists agree that reproduction is vegetative because portions of an existing lichen break off and fall away to begin a new organism nearby.
Lichens are hardy organisms, being found in hostile environments where
few other organisms can survive. Humans have used lichens as food and as sources
of medicine and dye. The presence of lichens is a sign that the atmosphere is pure.
Lichens help reduce erosion by stabilizing soil. They also are a major source of food
for the caribou and reindeer that live in the extreme north.
55
14.
15.
Prior to the invention of microscopes, what did scientists believe about lichens?
(A) The entire plant was an alga
(B) The entire plant was a fungus
(C) A lichen constituted a single plant
(D) The fungus was the catalyst of the association
16.
17.
18.
19. The author states that the relationship between the words fungus/fungi and alga/
algae is
(A) singular/plural
(B) compound/complex
(C) symbiotic/disassociated
(D) mutual/separate
56
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
57
Questions 26-32
Line
(5)
(10)
(15)
(20)
26.
27. According to the author, what theory was previously held and now is being questioned?
(A) That dinosaurs were warm-blooded
(B) That dinosaurs had four-chambered hearts
(C) That dinosaurs were swifter and stronger than reptiles
(D) That dinosaurs were cold-blooded
58
30.
31.
32. What does the author imply by the sentence: Ironically, the particular dinosaur in
which the discovery was made was a Thescelosaurus, which translates to marvelous
lizard.
(A) It is paradoxical that the dinosaurs name includes the word lizard, because now
scientists believe it is not a lizard
(B) It is unusual that the creature would have a name with the suffix of a dinosaur
(C) It is surprising that the fossilized heart was discovered
(D) It should have been realized long ago that dinosaurs were warm-blooded
59
Questions 33-39
Line
(5)
(10)
(15)
(20)
(25)
(30)
60
Lightning has been a mystery since early times. People of ancient civilizations believed angry gods threw lightning bolts from the sky. Nobody understood
that lightning resulted from electricity until Ben Franklin flew a kite with a key dangling from the string, and it was struck by lightning.
In current times, it is known that lightning has a very scientific cause. Generally, within a storm cloud, friction from water and ice-laden clouds creates a negative charge at the bottom of the cloud. When that charge grows too great for the air
to hold it back, it is united with a positive charge from the Earth, creating a channel
of electricity that flows between the two points. The charge remains invisible as it
moves towards the ground until it meets the charge rising from the ground. Once
they meet, a fifty thousand degree current superheats the air around the channel,
resulting in an explosion of sound known as thunder. In fact, very recently it has
been discovered that occasionally the positive charges appear at the bottom of
the cloud, which are then met by negative charges from earth.
Florida leads the nation in lightning deaths. Approximately ten people die
each year in Florida from lightning, which surpasses the number of deaths caused
by the winds of other weather events such as tornados and hurricanes. Lightning
is much harder to forecast than a storm. Forecasters can indicate when a storm is
likely to produce lightning, but there is no way to know when or where lightning
will actually strike. It is known that it can actually strike up to 25 miles from the
center of a storm, which occurs when lightning originates under a cloud but travels horizontally for a time before turning towards earth. Thunder is only heard up
to ten miles from where lightning strikes, so it is possible to be struck by lightning
without even realizing there is a storm in the area.
Generally, people are injured by lightning when they are in the open, near
or in water, or near tall structures like trees. Golfers, swimmers, beach-goers, and
outdoor workers are in greatest danger. The greatest number of victims are males,
but it is believed that this is because males are more likely to be in the places where
lightning strikes. When lightning is about to strike, one feels an odd, tingling sensation, and ones hair stands on end. Of course, there is little chance to do anything
about it, because the full blow will occur within a second and be over in a couple
of seconds. The victim may be thrown, lose consciousness, be burned, die, or suffer
permanent injury. Some people recover completely, but others do not.
33. According to the passage, the first recorded evidence that lightning came from
electricity was discovered by
(A) people of ancient civilization
(B) Ben Franklin
(C) researchers from the 1400s
(D) modern researchers
34.
35. According to the passage, the relationship between the charge in the cloud and
that from earth is that
(A) they meet each other in the sky
(B) they are the same polarity
(C) the charge from earth travels to the cloud
(D) the charge from the cloud reaches the ground before they meet
36.
According to the passage, the primary cause of the charge in the storm cloud is
(A) ice build-up
(B) friction
(C) unknown
(D) water
37. The author implies that as the lightning comes towards the earth, but before it
strikes,
(A) it can be seen in the sky
(B) it can turn back
(C) its approach can be felt by someone about to be struck
(D) thunder is heard several miles away
38.
61
39.
The author indicates that lightning can strike far from the center of a storm when
(A) it travels horizontally first
(B) the storm cloud is large
(C) lightning has already emanated from the same cloud
(D) it emanates from a positive charge in the cloud
Questions 40-50
Line
(5)
(10)
(15)
(20)
(25)
62
40.
41.
42.
The author implies that instead of losing a tooth, the Greenland Shark
(A) loses an entire set at once
(B) retains all its teeth for life
(C) loses two at a time
(D) can regenerate a broken tooth like the tail of a lizard
43.
44.
45.
63
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
Which two words from the last paragraph mean the same as cloudiness?
(A) eye, milky
(B) milky, fogginess
(C) fogginess, copepod
(D) copepod, eye
64
kunci, skrip
dan pembahasan
Section 1
Listening Comprehension
Section 2
Structure and Written Expression
Section 3
Reading Comprehension
65
Kunci
Practice Test 04
Section 01
Section 02
Section 03
Listening Comprehension
Reading Comprehension
26
21
26
27
22
27
28
23
28
29
24
29
30
25
30
31
26
31
32
27
32
33
28
33
34
29
34
10
35
10
30
10
35
11
36
11
31
11
36
12
37
12
32
12
37
13
38
13
33
13
38
14
39
14
34
14
39
15
40
15
35
15
40
16
41
16
36
16
41
17
42
17
37
17
42
18
43
18
38
18
43
19
44
19
39
19
44
20
45
20
40
20
45
21
46
21
46
22
47
22
47
23
48
23
48
24
49
24
49
25
50
25
50
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Section 1
SKRIP
Listening Comprehension
PART A
1. Man
: Youre going on the cruise to Nassau, arent you?
Woman : I wish I could, but Ive got to finish a project.
Narrator : What does the woman say about going on the cruise?
2. Woman : I heard you dropped geometry. Is that right?
Man
: I just couldnt follow it. I needed something more basic.
Narrator : What do the speakers say that the man did?
3. Man
: Had Jim submitted his application earlier, he could have gotten financial aid.
Woman : He always puts things off till the last minute.
Narrator : What does the man mean?
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4. Man
: You live in the apartments on 34th Street, dont you?
Woman : I used to, but I moved.
Narrator : What does the woman mean?
5. Man
: I thought you were going to fly to Seattle today. What happened?
Woman : I had planned to, but I couldnt find anybody to work for me.
Narrator : What does the woman mean?
6. Man
: Im fed up with the new receptionist. Not once has she written down a
phone number correctly.
Woman : I know, and she has a poor attitude, too.
Narrator : What do the speakers say about their opinions of the receptionist?
7. Woman : You havent had much success trying to convince the buyers to let you
stay for a while after closing, have you?
Man
: On the contrary, they called last night and agreed to it.
Narrator : What had the woman assumed about the man?
8. Man
: Were way over budget on this project.
Woman : Somebody must have miscalculated the cost of temporary staff.
Narrator : What does the woman say about the project?
9. Woman : No sooner had I sat down than the baby started whimpering again.
Man
: Next time, Ill take care of her. You need to relax a while.
Narrator : What is the womans problem?
10. Man
: I have never been so frightened. I lost control of the car on the wet
highway and flew away across both lanes of traffic. I was lucky I didnt
get hit by traffic or hit one of the trees.
Woman : You are very lucky. That highway is always so busy, and wet roads are
very dangerous.
Narrator : What does the man imply about what happened on the highway?
11. Woman : This is the last straw. I have yet to see that new employee offer to help
anybody or do anything but sit there reading her novel.
Man
: Im glad you realize it. It was bugging me, too.
Narrator : What do the speakers imply about the new employee?
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12. Man
: Where is Donna? I had expected her to be here this morning.
Woman : She was called away due to a family emergency, but I imagine she will
call soon.
Narrator : Why does the woman say Donna is not present?
13. Woman : If you see me doing this wrong, would you please point it out to me? I
keep having trouble with the final calculations.
Man
: Sure, but you seem to be doing just fine.
Narrator : What does the woman ask the man to do?
14. Woman : How did you do on the exam?
Man
: Not great. I shouldve studied last night, but I was too tired.
Narrator : What is the mans problem?
15. Woman : What happened to John? I thought he was coming tonight.
Man
: He came down with a cold and needed the rest.
Narrator : What does the man say about John?
16. Man
: I havent seen Christopher at a coin club meeting for a while.
Woman : He stopped coming because he said it was boring.
Narrator : According to the woman, why hasnt the man seen Christopher?
17. Woman : I heard that you and some friends were organizing a cruise to the Caribbean.
Man
: It never really got off the ground. But Im still planning to go, alone if I
have to.
Narrator : What does the man plan to do?
18. Man
: I thought you had already been accepted at the university.
Woman : If I had I certainly wouldnt be still submitting applications. But Im not
giving up yet.
Narrator : What does the woman mean?
19. Woman : The copy machines broke. It was jammed when I tried it.
Man
: It bugs me when somebody does that and just leaves it that way.
Narrator : What does the man imply?
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20. Woman :
Man
:
Narrator :
21. Man
:
Woman :
Narrator :
22. Man
: I think Ellen is going to enter the doctorate program in linguistics.
Woman : Dont be so sure. Shes been looking into the English literature program.
Narrator : What does the woman say about Ellens plans?
23. Woman : Are you going to the meeting at the library tonight?
Man
: I may.
Narrator : What does the man mean?
24. Woman : This computer has received good reviews, hasnt it?
Man
: It used to. But lately its been looked down upon. Service is the issue, I
think.
Narrator : What does the man mean?
25. Woman : I havent seen you at the gym lately. Are you still working out?
Man
: Ive been out of town a lot, and Im really out of shape.
Narrator : What does the man mean?
26. Woman : Did you enjoy the exhibit?
Man
: It was okay, but I wish I hadnt been so rushed. I didnt get to spend as
much time in some areas as I had hoped.
Narrator : What does the man mean?
27. Man
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: I heard that Jim isnt going to his familys beach house this weekend
after all.
Woman : Right. He and his sister are having a problem because she says he uses
it more often than she does.
Narrator : What does the woman say about Jim?
28. Man
: I thought Rob was happy at this school, but I hear hes thinking of leaving.
Woman : Yes, his father would rather that he went to a more well-known university. But hes just looking into it at the moment.
Narrator : According to the woman, why is Rob considering changing schools?
29. Man
: Ive been trying to figure out this program for hours.
Woman : Why not reading the manual?
Narrator : What does the woman suggest that the man do?
30. Man
: Janet said shes going to the doctor tomorrow, but what about her
work?
Woman : She had to take the afternoon off for the appointment.
Narrator : What does the man imply about Janet?
PART B
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Man
Woman
Man
Woman
Man
Woman
Man
Woman
Man
Woman
Man
: Can you help me with this computer program? Im trying to create a report,
and I cant figure it out.
: Show me what youve done. Have you written it down?
: No, I havent. But I remember. Lets see, first I clicked reports. Then I chose,
uh, I chose budget. Or was it profit and loss?
: Okay, the first thing you need to do is write down what steps you take.
Thats the only way to either do the same thing or not do the same thing if
its not working.
: I know, youre right. Alright, lets try budget. I wrote it down. Okay, click
budget comparison. No, budget report.
: Well start with budget comparison. Lets choose this, and this, and that.
Got em?
: Got em.
: Whats the date range? Want to choose last month to see?
: Yeah, okay, I wrote it down. Wow, thats it! You got it. Why couldnt I do
that?
: You know what Im going to say.
: Right, I couldnt have repeated it if I hadnt written it down.
Questions 38 40
Listen to the following talk.
This is a tool made of stone. It could be used for digging, cutting or various
other things. Scientists used to believe that the most advanced Stone Age tools were
developed in the Middle East and Africa. However, these tools were discovered in China
recently, and theyre certainly as advanced as those of the other continents, with the
72
same sophisticated shape and consistency of design as the other tools. These tools were
found near the Chinese border with Vietnam, and they appear to be about 800,000 years
old. It is a particularly interesting discovery, because now scientists know that in spite of
slight differences, similar techniques were used over a very great distance.
38. What is the narrator talking about?
39. What had scientists believed before these tools were found?
40. How does the speaker describe the comparison between the new tools and the
tools found previously?
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42. For which of the following items would the capsule not be helpful?
43. What is the main reason that some scientists believe the capsule would be helpful?
44. Which of the following does the speaker imply would not be part of the capsule?
45. Which of the following does the speaker imply is true?
74
Section 1
pembahasan
Listening Comprehension
PART A
1. Jawab
: D She is unable to go.
Kata kunci
: I wish I could
Pembahasan : Pada dialog si wanita berkata, I wish I could, but Ive got to finish
a project (Seandainya aku bisa, tapi aku harus menyelesaikan
proyek). Ini berarti ia tidak bisa (unable) pergi.
2. Jawab
: B Quit one class for another.
Kata kunci
: I needed something more basic
Pembahasan : Pada dialog si pria berkata, I just couldnt follow it. I needed something more basic (Aku tidak bisa mengikutinya. Aku memerlukan
yang lebih mendasar). Jadi si pria berhenti mengikuti satu mata
kuliah dan berniat memilih mata kuliah lain (quit one class for another) yang lebih mudah.
3. Jawab
: B He means that Jim submitted his application late.
Kata kunci
: submitted earlier
Pembahasan : Pada dialog si pria berkata, Had Jim submitted his application earlier, he could have gotten financial aid (Jika Jim mengajukan permohonannya lebih awal, ia mungkin akan mendapatkan bantuan
keuangan). Ini berarti Jim terlambat (late) menyerahkan permohonannya.
4. Jawab
Kata kunci
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5. Jawab
: A She had to work so she did not go to Seattle.
Kata kunci
: couldnt find anybody to work for me
Pembahasan : Pada dialog si wanita mengatakan, I had planned to, but I couldnt
find anybody to work for me (Rencananya begitu, tapi aku tak bisa
menemukan orang untuk menggantikanku). Ini berarti ia batal
pergi karena harus bekerja.
6. Jawab
: B She writes messages that contain incorrect information.
Kata kunci
: not once correctly
Pembahasan : Pada dialog si pria mengatakan, Not once has she written down a
phone number correctly (Tidak sekalipun ia menulis nomor telepon dengan benar). Ini berarti si resepsionis menuliskan pesan
yang berisi informasi yang tidak tepat (incorrect information).
7. Jawab
: C That he cannot stay in his house for a while after he sells it.
Kata kunci
: havent had much success let you stay
Pembahasan : Pada dialog si wanita mengira, You havent had much success trying to convince the buyers to let you stay for a while after closing
(Kau belum berhasil meyakinkan pembeli untuk mengizinkanmu
tinggal sebentar setelah penjualan).
8. Jawab
: B An error was probably made in figuring the employee cost.
Kata kunci
: must have miscalculated
Pembahasan : Perkataan si wanita Somebody must have miscalculated the cost
of temporary staff (Seseorang pasti salah menghitung biaya staf
temporer) berarti ada kesalahan dalam menghitung upah pegawai (employee cost).
9. Jawab
: A She has no time to relax.
Kata kunci
: you need to relax
Pembahasan : Perkataan si pria, you need to relax berarti si wanita tidak punya
waktu untuk bersantai-santai.
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10. Jawab
: D He was extremely frightened.
Kata kunci
: I have never been so frightened
Pembahasan : Ucapan si pria, I have never been so frightened (Aku belum pernah
merasa setakut itu sebelumnya). Jadi ia sangat (extremely) ketakutan.
11. Jawab
: A The new employee is lazy.
Kata kunci
: but sit there reading
Pembahasan : Pada percakapan si pria berkata, I have yet to see that new employee
offer to help anybody or do anything but sit there reading her novel
(Aku belum pernah melihat sekalipun karyawan baru itu membantu siapa pun atau melakukan apa pun kecuali duduk di sana
dan baca novel). Ini berarti si karyawan baru itu pemalas (lazy).
12. Jawab
: B She had to leave.
Kata kunci
: she was called away
Pembahasan : Pada percakapan si wanita berkata, She was called away due to
a family emergency (Dia harus pergi karena ada urusan keluarga
yang mendesak). Ini berarti Donna harus pergi.
13. Jawab
: D Point to the correct answer.
Kata kunci
: point it out to me
Pembahasan : Pada percakapan si wanita berkata, If you see me doing this wrong,
would you please point it out to me? (Jika kau melihatku melakukannya dengan salah, maukah kau menunjukkannya?). Ini berarti
jika si wanita salah menjawab, ia meminta si pria agar menunjukkan jawaban yang tepat (the correct answer).
14. Jawab
: C He did not prepare adequately for the test.
Kata kunci
: I shouldve studied last night
Pembahasan : Pada percakapan si pria berkata, I shouldve studied last night, but I
was too tired (Aku seharusnya belajar tadi malam, tapi aku terlalu
lelah). Jadi si pria tidak mempersiapkan diri dengan cukup (adequately) untuk ujian tersebut.
15. Jawab
: A He is sick.
Kata kunci
: with a cold
Pembahasan : Pada percakapan si pria berkata, He came down with a cold and
needed the rest (Ia terkena flu dan butuh beristirahat). Jadi John
sedang sakit (he is sick).
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16. Jawab
: C Christopher has quit attending.
Kata kunci
: stopped coming
Pembahasan : Pada percakapan si wanita berkata, He stopped coming because he
said it was boring (Dia berhenti datang karena katanya membosankan).
17. Jawab
: A Take a cruise with his friends.
Kata kunci
: still planning
Pembahasan : Karena si pria berkata, Im still planning to go, alone if I have to (Aku
masih berencana pergi, sendirian kalau harus), jadi ia masih berencana akan pergi dengan teman-temannya.
18. Jawab
19. Jawab
20. Jawab
: D He was unable to buy the house.
Kata kunci
: couldnt get the financing
Pembahasan : Pada percakapan si pria berkata, I would have, but I couldnt get the
financing I needed (Seharusnya, tapi aku tidak bisa mendapatkan
pembiayaan yang kubutuhkan). Ini berarti si pria tidak mampu
(unable) membeli rumah itu.
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21. Jawab
: A The jury probably will not make a decision today.
Kata kunci
: probably wont tonight
Pembahasan : Pada percakapan si wanita berkata, Not yet, and they probably
wont tonight (Belum, dan mungkin tidak akan malam ini). Ini berarti kemungkinan juri belum akan mengambil keputusan hari ini
(will not make a decision today).
22. Jawab
: A Ellen is likely to seek a degree in English.
Kata kunci
: English literature
Pembahasan : Pada percakapan si wanita berkata, Shes been looking into the English literature program (Ia mencari tahu program sastra Inggris).
Jadi dapat disimpulkan Ellen mungkin akan mempelajari sastra
Inggris (English).
23. Jawab
: C He may go.
Kata kunci
: I may
Pembahasan : Karena jawaban si pria adalah, I may (Sepertinya), maka ia mungkin akan pergi (He may go).
24. Jawab
: B The computer she is considering has fallen out of favor.
Kata kunci
: looked down upon
Pembahasan : Pada percakapan si pria berkata, But lately its been looked down
upon (Akhir-akhir ini komputer ini diremehkan). Ini berarti orangorang sudah tidak menginginkan komputer tersebut (has fallen
out of favor).
25. Jawab
: A He has not exercised and his body shows it.
Kata kunci
: out of shape
Pembahasan : Pada percakapan si pria berkata, Ive been out of town a lot, and
Im really out of shape (Aku sering keluar kota akhir-akhir ini, dan
badanku terasa kendor). Ini berarti si pria sudah lama tidak berolahraga dan badannya menunjukkan hal itu (his body shows it).
26. Jawab
: D He wanted to see more than he was able to see.
Kata kunci
: didnt get to spend as much time
Pembahasan : Pada percakapan si pria berkata, I didnt get to spend as much time
in some areas as I had hoped (Aku tidak bisa berlama-lama di area
seperti yang aku harapkan). Ini berarti ia ingin melihat lebih banyak (to see more).
79
27. Jawab
: B His sister says that he uses the beach house too much.
Kata kunci
: she says he uses it more often
Pembahasan : Pada percakapan si wanita berkata, He and his sister are having a
problem because she says he uses it more often than she does (Ia dan
saudara perempuannya sedang bermasalah karena ia berkata Jim
menggunakan rumah itu lebih sering daripada saudaranya).
28. Jawab
: A His father believes a well-known school is better.
Kata kunci
: a more well-known university
Pembahasan : Pada percakapan si wanita berkata, his father would rather that he
went to a more well-known university (ayahnya menginginkannya
berkuliah di universitas yang lebih terkenal). Dengan kata lain
ayahnya percaya sekolah yang lebih terkenal lebih baik (a wellknown school is better).
29. Jawab
: C Look at the book.
Kata kunci
: reading the manual
Pembahasan : Pada percakapan si wanita menyarankan, Why not reading the
manual? (Mengapa tidak membaca panduannya?). Ini berarti si
wanita menyarankan agar si pria melihat buku panduannya (look
at the book).
30. Jawab
: A She is ill.
Kata kunci
: going to the doctor
Pembahasan : Pada percakapan si pria berkata, Janet said shes going to the doctor tomorrow (Janet berkata ia akan pergi ke dokter besok). Ini berarti Janet sedang sakit (ill).
PART B
31. Jawab
: A That she would be in a new building.
Kata kunci
: I was sure I had been approved
Pembahasan : Pada percakapan si wanita berkata, I was sure I had been approved
for the new building (Aku yakin sudah disetujui diterima di gedung
baru). Ini artinya sebelumnya si wanita berasumsi dia akan diterima di gedung baru.
80
32. Jawab
: C The air conditioning is insufficient.
Kata kunci
: sweltering
Pembahasan : Pada percakapan si wanita berkata, Its sweltering here (Di sini panas membara). Ini berarti masalah utama si wanita akan gedung
lama adalah kurangnya penyejuk udara.
33. Jawab
: A Bananas ripen too quickly.
Kata kunci
: ripen in an hour
Pembahasan : Pada percakapan si wanita berkata, Bananas ripen in an hour
(Pisang masak dalam waktu satu jam). Ini berarti pisangnya masak
terlalu cepat.
34. Jawab
: B A computer program.
Kata kunci
: this computer program
Pembahasan : Pada percakapan si pria berkata, Can you help me with this computer program? (Bisakah kau membantuku dengan program komputer ini?).
35. Jawab
: B Write the procedure.
Kata kunci
: write down what steps you take
Pembahasan : Pada percakapan si wanita berkata, the first thing you need to do is
write down what steps you take (hal pertama yang perlu kau lakukan adalah menuliskan langkah-langkah yang kau ambil). Ini berarti si wanita menyarankan agar si pria menulis prosedur yang ia
lakukan.
36. Jawab
: A Take notes.
Kata kunci
: if I hadnt written it down
Pembahasan : Karena si pria berkata I couldnt have repeated it if I hadnt written
it down (Aku tidak mungkin bisa mengulanginya jika aku tidak
menuliskannya), ini artinya jika nanti si pria mengalami masalah
lagi, ia akan menuliskannya (take notes).
37. Jawab
: B Yes, because he wrote down the procedure.
Kata kunci
: I couldnt have repeated it if I hadnt written it down
Pembahasan : Karena si pria berkata I couldnt have repeated it if I hadnt written
it down (Aku tidak mungkin bisa mengulanginya jika aku tidak
menuliskannya), ini artinya nanti ia bisa mengulangi prosedur itu
karena ia sudah mencatatnya.
81
PART C
38. Jawab
: A An ancient tool.
Kata kunci
: a tool made of stone
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan, This is a tool made of stone (Ini adalah alat
yang terbuat dari batu). Karena keseluruhan teks membahas tentang Stone Age atau Zaman Batu, maka si narator sedang membahas tentang alat zaman purba (an ancient tool).
39. Jawab
40. Jawab
: A They are quite similar.
Kata kunci
: similar techniques were used
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan, in spite of slight differences, similar techniques were used over a very great distance (walaupun ada sedikit
perbedaan, teknik yang serupa digunakan pada rentang jarak
yang cukup besar).
41. Jawab
: B Because there is a natural flow, facilitated by the body itself.
Kata kunci
: will move through on its own
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan, digestive system, since it has a beginning
and an end, and the capsule will move through on its own (sistem
pencernaan, karena mempunyai awal dan akhir, dan kapsul akan
bergerak dengan sendirinya). Jadi sistem pencernaan adalah
tempat paling sesuai karena ada aliran alami (natural flow) yang
digerakkan oleh tubuh.
82
42. Jawab
Kata kunci
43. Jawab
: A The endoscope is uncomfortable.
Kata kunci
: endoscopes are uncomfortable
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan, for simple viewing, endoscopes are uncomfortable (untuk pengamatan sederhana, endoskopi tidak nyaman).
44. Jawab
: D A scalpel.
Kata kunci
: light its way transmit video images
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan, The capsule, will light its way will transmit video images (Kapsul akan menyinari jalannya sendiri
akan mentransmisi citra video). Jadi yang tidak disebutkan adalah
scalpel.
45. Jawab
46. Jawab
: B Alcoholism seems to run in families.
Kata kunci
: family history of alcoholism
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan, It has long been recognized that those people
with a family history of alcoholism are at much higher risk of becoming alcoholics themselves (Telah lama diketahui bahwa orangorang dengan riwayat alkoholisme dalam keluarga berisiko lebih
besar menjadi seorang alkoholik). Hal ini dianggap pengetahuan
umum (common knowledge).
83
47. Jawab
: B A hormone.
Kata kunci
: Beta-endorphin is a hormone
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan, Beta-endorphin is a hormone (Beta-endorfin
termasuk hormon).
48. Jawab
49. Jawab
50. Jawab
: C No, because they may choose not to drink to excess.
Kata kunci
: choose not to drink
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan, do not succumb to the disease simply because they choose not to drink and never get to the point (tidak tunduk pada penyakit itu hanya karena mereka memilih untuk tidak
minum dan tidak pernah sampai pada tahap alkoholik).
84
Section 2
pembahasan
STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN
EXPRESION
1. Jawab
: A ninety-story-tall
Kata kunci
: building
Pembahasan : Karena kata benda yang diterangkan adalah building, maka keseluruhan kata benda di depannya menjadi adjective. Karena itu
bentuk story tidak menjadi jamak walaupun di depannya ada kata
keterangan jumlah ninety.
2. Jawab
: A the jeep had been left
Kata kunci
: where
Pembahasan : Setelah kata sambung where, urutannya adalah subject + verb.
3. Jawab
: B neither is the administration
Kata kunci
: not expected
Pembahasan : Struktur untuk neither adalah neither + auxiliary verb + subject.
Pilihan A dan C tidak mempunyai auxiliary verb, dan D menjadi
double negative karena penggunaan not neither.
4. Jawab
: B second only to
Kata kunci
: those of
Pembahasan : Bentuk ini termasuk idiom.
5. Jawab
: B of being
Kata kunci
: in spite
Pembahasan : Bentuk in spite of tidak boleh dipisahkan, tidak seperti despite.
85
6. Jawab
: A most famous
Kata kunci
: Ernest Hemingways
Pembahasan : Karena frasanya berbentuk kepemilikan (Ernest Hemingways),
tidak mungkin adjective didahului oleh definite article ataupun
yang lainnya.
7. Jawab
: D the meeting was
Kata kunci
: why
Pembahasan : Dalam pertanyaan yang digabung dengan pernyataan, urutan
kalimat dibalik setelah kata tanya. Misalnya, jika kalimat tanyanya
Why was the meeting postponed? maka pada pertanyaan dalam
kalimat pernyataan menjadi why the meeting was postponed.
8. Jawab
: A had not been
Kata kunci
: if, would have won
Pembahasan : Kata if menunjukkan kalimat conditional dan would have won
menunjukkan bahwa ini adalah kalimat conditional tipe-3. Bentuk
yang tepat sebagai pasangan would have + verb3 adalah bentuk
past perfect atau had + verb3.
9. Jawab
: D approved the budget
Kata kunci
: and
Pembahasan : Kata-kata yang dibandingkan oleh kata sambung and harus setara. Pada kalimat ini salah satu kata tersebut adalah met. Karena
kata ini berbentuk verb3, maka pasangannya pun harus verb3 yaitu
approved.
10. Jawab
: B out of
Kata kunci
: order
Pembahasan : Bentuk idiomnya adalah out of order, yang berarti rusak.
11. Jawab
: A are hesitant
Kata kunci
: a great number of them
Pembahasan : Karena klausa pertama bergantung pada klausa kedua, klausa ini
harus mempunyai conjugated verb, yaitu are hesitant.
12. Jawab
Kata kunci
86
: A native to
: The Strangler Fig Tree
13. Jawab
: B intends
Kata kunci
: any other faculty member
Pembahasan : Kata benda setelah nor mengatur bentuk verb. Any other faculty member mempunyai gagasan tunggal, karenanya verb yang
mengikutinya diberi akhiran s.
14. Jawab
: C dinosaurs became extinct
Kata kunci
: when
Pembahasan : Ini adalah pertanyaan dalam kalimat pernyataan, jadi urutannya
adalah subject + verb tanpa auxiliary.
15. Jawab
: D so do traditional companies
Kata kunci
: rely
Pembahasan : Karena kata kerja pada klausa pertama adalah infinitive maka
klausa kedua menggunakan do.
16. Jawab
: D in way
Kata kunci
: in way
Pembahasan : In the way adalah bentuk idiom yang berarti sedang berlangsung.
17. Jawab
: A spending
Kata kunci
: attorneys who practice
Pembahasan : Setelah subjek attorneys belum ada verb yang menjelaskan keseluruhan kalimat atau conjugated verb. Klausa yang diawali who
merupakan relative clause dan tidak bisa dianggap verb keseluruhan kalimat. Subjek kalimat adalah attorneys sehingga kata kerjanya adalah spend.
18. Jawab
: C is
Kata kunci
: and
Pembahasan : Kata sambung and membandingkan frasa effective speaking dan
proficient writing yang membuat subjek kalimat berbentuk jamak.
Karena itu kata kerjanya adalah are.
87
19. Jawab
: D another
Kata kunci
: people
Pembahasan : Subjek kalimat (people) berbentuk jamak, karena itu pronomina
yang merujuk pada subjek juga harus jamak. Karena itu bentuk
another seharusnya others.
20. Jawab
: D because
Kata kunci
: the low scores
Pembahasan : Karena because diikuti oleh frasa kata benda the low scores, bentuknya seharusnya because of.
21. Jawab
: B are
Kata kunci
: overeating
Pembahasan : Subjek kalimat adalah overeating. Gerund sebagai subjek menandakan bentuk tunggal, jadi verb-nya seharusnya is.
22. Jawab
: A it
Kata kunci
: that
Pembahasan : Relative pronoun that berfungsi menggantikan kata benda, jadi
pronoun it pada kalimat merupakan pengulangan.
23. Jawab
: B had been
Kata kunci
: may buy
Pembahasan : Konteks kalimat dan kata kerja klausa pertama adalah present, bukan past. Karena ini adalah kondisi nyata, tense tidak mundur ke
masa lampau.
24. Jawab
: C them
Kata kunci
: the knee
Pembahasan : Karena subjek (the knee) berbentuk tunggal, maka pronoun yang
menerangkannya harus it.
25. Jawab
: A this
Kata kunci
: athletes
Pembahasan : Pronoun yang dibutuhkan menjelaskan varsity athletes yang berbentuk jamak. Karenanya pronoun yang tepat harus jamak juga,
yaitu these.
88
26. Jawab
: C anothers
Kata kunci
: professors
Pembahasan : Jawaban anothers bukan kata karena bentuk yang tepat adalah
another (tunggal) ataupun others (jamak).
27. Jawab
: B already to decide
Kata kunci
: has
Pembahasan : Jika ingin mempertahankan already maka bentuk yang tepat
adalah has already decided. Jika ingin mempertahankan to decide,
maka bentuk yang tepat adalah has yet to decide.
28. Jawab
: A when black
Kata kunci
: when black
Pembahasan : Dibutuhkan artikel a.
29. Jawab
: A has received
Kata kunci
: has received
Pembahasan : Klausa pertama adalah passive voice dalam bentuk present perfect,
yang seharusnya berpola subject + have been + verb3. Jadi bentuk
has received seharusnya disisipi been menjadi has been received.
30. Jawab
: C utilize
Kata kunci
: of
Pembahasan : Setelah preposisi, kata kerja berbentuk gerund harus digunakan.
Jadi utilize seharusnya utilizing.
31. Jawab
: A operate
Kata kunci
: had been
Pembahasan : Karena diawali oleh had been, bentuk verb yang tepat adalah operating untuk membentuk past perfect continuous atau operated
untuk membentuk passive voice.
32. Jawab
: D them pull
Kata kunci
: them pull
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini adalah struktur passive voice yang disederhanakan,
dikombinasikan dengan causative verb. Bentuk yang tepat seharusnya having them pulled.
89
33. Jawab
: B in
Kata kunci
: the fifth floor
Pembahasan : Preposition yang tepat untuk lantai suatu gedung adalah on.
34. Jawab
: A completed
Kata kunci
: could
Pembahasan : Kata kerja ini adalah bagian dari frasa kata kerja dengan modal
could. Karena itu bentuknya harus sederhana, yaitu complete.
35. Jawab
: C would had
Kata kunci
: would
Pembahasan : Modal harus selalu diikuti bentuk sederhana kata kerja. Jadi had
seharusnya have.
36. Jawab
: B a
Kata kunci
: first
Pembahasan : Artikel sebelum superlative atau benda khusus atau angka seharusnya definite article yaitu the.
37. Jawab
: C difficulty
Kata kunci
: it is often
Pembahasan : Jawaban yang dibutuhkan adalah adjective (difficult), bukan noun
(difficulty).
38. Jawab
: B are
Kata kunci
: the congressman
Pembahasan : Subjek kalimat adalah the congressman yang berbentuk tunggal,
karena itu kata kerjanya harus is. Kata-kata di antara dua koma
diabaikan saja karena tidak mempengaruhi kata kerja.
39. Jawab
: C had submit
Kata kunci
: had
Pembahasan : Karena kalimat ini bernuansa past perfect, maka bentuk had harus
diikuti oleh kata kerja bentuk ketiga, yaitu submitted.
40. Jawab
: A be
Kata kunci
: had
Pembahasan : Frasa kata kerja had + subject + verb dalam past participle berarti
sama dengan if + subject + had + verb dalam past participle. Jadi
bentuk yang tepat adalah been.
90
Section 3
pembahasan
READING COMPREHENSION
Questions 1-12
Line
(5)
(10)
(15)
(20)
Bees, classified into over 10,000 species, are insects found in almost every part of the world except the northernmost and southernmost regions. One
commonly known species is the honeybee, the only bee that produces honey
and wax. Humans use the wax in making candles, lipsticks and other products,
and they use the honey as a food. While gathering the nectar and pollen with
which they make honey, bees are simultaneously helping to fertilize the flowers
on which they land. Many fruits and vegetables would not survive if bees did not
carry the pollen from blossom to blossom.
Bees live in a structured environment and social structure within a hive,
which is a nest with storage space for the honey. The different types of bees each
perform a unique function. The worker bee carries nectar to the hive in a special
stomach called the honey stomach. Other workers make beeswax and shape it
into a honeycomb, which is a waterproof mass of six-sided compartments, or
cells. The queen lays eggs in completed cells. As the workers build more cells, the
queen lays more eggs.
All workers, like the queen, are female, but the workers are smaller than the
queen. The male honeybees are called drones; they do not work and cannot sting.
They are developed from unfertilized eggs, and their only job is to impregnate a
queen. The queen must be fertilized in order to lay worker eggs. During the season where less honey is available and the drone is of no further use, the workers
block the drones from eating the honey so that they will starve to death.
91
1. Jawab
: C The HoneybeeIts Characteristics and Usefulness
Kata kunci
: bees
Pembahasan : Judul yang tepat dan mencakup isi teks adalah The HoneybeeIts
Characteristics and Usefulness. Pilihan A terlalu bermakna luas dan
B serta D terlalu bermakna sempit.
2. Jawab
: B varieties
Kata kunci
: species
Pembahasan : Kata species berarti jenis. Sementara itu masing-masing pilihan
jawaban berarti pasangan (mates), variasi (varieties), pembunuh (killers) dan musuh (enemies). Jadi kata species bermakna
mirip dengan varieties.
3. Jawab
: B flowers
Kata kunci
: which
Pembahasan : Dari kalimat helping to fertilize the flowers on which they land (membantu menyuburkan bunga-bunga tempat mereka hinggap), dapat kita simpulkan bahwa kata which merujuk pada flowers.
4. Jawab
: B concurrently
Kata kunci
: simultaneously
Pembahasan : Kata simultaneously berarti secara terus-menerus. Sementara
itu masing-masing pilihan jawaban berarti dengan keras kepala
(stubbornly), secara bersamaan (concurrently), dengan penuh
keahlian (skillfully) dan diligently (dengan rajin). Jadi kata simultaneously bermakna mirip dengan concurrently.
5. Jawab
: B a nest
Kata kunci
: a hive, which is a nest
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan, a hive, which is a nest with storage space for
the honey (sarang, yaitu tempat tinggal dengan tempat penyimpanan madu).
6. Jawab
: B mates with the queen and has no other purpose
Kata kunci
: their only job
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan, male honeybees are called drones; they do
not work and cannot sting and their only job is to impregnate a
queen (lebah madu jantan disebut drone; mereka tidak bekerja
dan tidak menyengat dan tugas satu-satunya adalah menghamili ratu lebah).
92
7. Jawab
: D drones are never females
Kata kunci
: impregnate a queen
Pembahasan : Karena pada teks disebutkan, their only job is to impregnate a
queen (tugas satu-satunya adalah menghamili ratu lebah), dapat
disimpulkan drone pasti berjenis kelamin jantan.
8. Jawab
: D workers
Kata kunci
: worker bee carries nectar
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan The worker bee carries nectar to the hive in
a special stomach called the honey stomach (Lebah pekerja membawa nectar ke sarang dalam perut khusus yang disebut perut
madu).
9. Jawab
: A They pollinate fruit and vegetable plants
Kata kunci
: helping to fertilize
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan bees are simultaneously helping to fertilize
the flowers on which they land (lebah juga membantu menyuburkan bunga-bunga tempat mereka hinggap).
10. Jawab
: B it is made of honey
Kata kunci
: beeswax a waterproof mass of six-sided compartments
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan workers make beeswax and shape it into a
honeycomb, which is a waterproof mass of six-sided compartments
(pekerja membuat lilin dan membentuknya menjadi ruang madu,
yaitu kompartemen segienam yang tahan air).
11. Jawab
: D Antarctica
Kata kunci
: except the northernmost and southernmost
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan found in almost every part of the world except
the northernmost and southernmost regions (ditemukan di hampir
seluruh penjuru dunia kecuali di wilayah paling utara dan paling
selatan). Jadi lebah tidak ditemukan di Antartika, yaitu wilayah
paling selatan bumi.
12. Jawab
: B pliable
Kata kunci
: shape it
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan, workers make beeswax and shape it into a
honeycomb (lebah pekerja membuat lilin dan membentuknya
menjadi ruang madu). Ini berarti lilin bersifat mudah dibentuk
(pliable).
93
Questions 13-25
Line
(5)
(10)
(15)
(20)
(25)
13. Jawab
94
The term lichen refers to any of over 20,000 species of thallophytic plants
that consists of a symbiotic association of algae and fungi, plural for alga and fungus. Previously, lichens were classified as single organisms until scientists had the
benefit of microscopes, at which time they discovered the association between
algae and fungi. Thus, the lichen itself is not an organism, but the morphological
and biochemical product of the association. Neither a fungus nor an alga alone can
produce a lichen.
The intimate symbiotic relationship between these two living components
of a lichen is said to be mutualistic, meaning that both organisms benefit from a
relationship. It is not certain when fungi and algae came together to form lichens
for the first time, but it certainly occurred after the mature development of the
separate components.
It appears that the fungus actually gains more benefit from the relationship than does the alga. Algae form simple carbohydrates that, when excreted, are
absorbed by fungi cells and transformed into a different carbohydrate. Algae also
produce vitamins that the fungi need. Yet, fungi also contribute to the symbiosis
by absorbing water vapor from the air and providing shade for the algae, which are
more sensitive to light.
Lichens grow relatively slowly, and it is uncertain how they propagate. Most
botanists agree that reproduction is vegetative because portions of an existing lichen break off and fall away to begin a new organism nearby.
Lichens are hardy organisms, being found in hostile environments where
few other organisms can survive. Humans have used lichens as food and as sources
of medicine and dye. The presence of lichens is a sign that the atmosphere is pure.
Lichens help reduce erosion by stabilizing soil. They also are a major source of food
for the caribou and reindeer that live in the extreme north.
14. Jawab
: B formerly
Kata kunci
: previously
Pembahasan : Kata previously berarti sebelumnya. Sementara itu masing-masing pilihan jawaban berarti saat ini (currently), awalnya (formerly), dipercaya (believed) dan tidak lagi (no longer). Jadi kata
previously bermakna mirip dengan formerly.
15. Jawab
: C A lichen constituted a single plant
Kata kunci
: previously
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan, Previously, lichens were classified as single
organisms until scientists had the benefit of microscopes (Sebelumnya, lichen diklasifikasikan sebagai organisme tunggal sampai
para ilmuwan memanfaatkan mikroskop). Jadi sebelum penemuan mikroskop, ilmuwan menganggap lumut sebagai tumbuhan tunggal.
16. Jawab
: C close
Kata kunci
: intimate
Pembahasan : Kata intimate berarti dekat. Sementara itu masing-masing pilihan jawaban berarti jauh (distant), parasitik (parasitic), dekat
(close) dan tidak biasa (unusual). Jadi kata intimate bermakna
mirip dengan close.
17. Jawab
18. Jawab
95
19. Jawab
: A singular/plural
Kata kunci
: plural for
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan, consists of a symbiotic association of algae
and fungi, plural for alga and fungus (terdiri atas hubungan simbiosis algae dan fungi, bentuk jamak untuk alga dan fungus).
20. Jawab
: C new organisms are grown from pieces of existing organisms
Kata kunci
: to begin a new organism
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan Most botanists agree that reproduction is vegetative because portions of an existing lichen break off and fall away
to begin a new organism nearby (Kebanyakan ahli botani sepakat
bahwa reproduksi termasuk vegetatif karena banyaknya lichen
yang ada terpecah dan jatuh untuk memulai organisme baru di
sekitarnya).
21. Jawab
: D algae are more sensitive to light than fungi
Kata kunci
: more sensitive to light
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan, Yet, fungi also contribute to the symbiosis by
absorbing water vapor from the air and providing shade for the algae, which are more sensitive to light (Namun, fungi juga berkontribusi pada simbiosis dengan menyerap uap air di udara dan
memberikan naungan pada algae, yang lebih sensitif terhadap
cahaya).
22. Jawab
: D close
Kata kunci
: nearby
Pembahasan : Kata nearby berarti dekat. Sementara itu masing-masing pilihan
jawaban berarti hampir (almost), menyeluruh (completely),
terhubung (connected) dan dekat (close). Jadi kata nearby bermakna mirip dengan close.
23. Jawab
: D strong
Kata kunci
: hardy
Pembahasan : Kata hardy berarti kuat. Sementara itu masing-masing pilihan
jawaban berarti lembut (tender), di mana-mana (ubiquitous),
jarang (scarce) dan kuat (strong). Jadi kata hardy bermakna
mirip dengan strong.
96
24. Jawab
: C harsh
Kata kunci
: hostile
Pembahasan : Kata hostile berarti liar. Sementara itu masing-masing pilihan
jawaban berarti tidak biasa (unusual), kering (dry), kasar
(harsh) dan kompleks (complex). Jadi kata hostile bermakna mirip dengan harsh.
25. Jawab
: D reduce soil erosion
Kata kunci
: help reduce erosion
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan Lichens help reduce erosion by stabilizing soil
(Lichen membantu mengurangi erosi dengan menstabilkan tanah).
Questions 26-32
Line
(5)
(10)
(15)
(20)
97
26. Jawab
: D dinosaurs
Kata kunci
: they
Pembahasan : Perhatikan dua kalimat pertama di paragraf pertama, It was previously believed that dinosaurs were cold blooded creatures, like reptiles. However, a recent discovery has led researchers to believe they
may be warm-blooded (Sebelumnya dipercayai bahwa dinosaurus
merupakan makhluk berdarah dingin, seperti reptil. Namun, penemuan terbaru membuat para ilmuwan percaya bahwa mereka
bisa jadi berdarah panas). Jadi kata they mengacu pada dinosaurs.
27. Jawab
: D That dinosaurs were cold-blooded
Kata kunci
: it was previously believed
Pembahasan : Disebutkan di awal teks, It was previously believed that dinosaurs
were cold blooded creatures, like reptiles (Sebelumnya dipercayai
bahwa dinosaurus merupakan makhluk berdarah dingin, seperti
reptil). Pemahaman ini kemudian dibantah oleh penemuan baru.
28. Jawab
29. Jawab
: C are cold-blooded
Kata kunci
: cold blooded creatures, like reptiles
Pembahasan : Disebutkan di awal teks, It was previously believed that dinosaurs
were cold blooded creatures, like reptiles (Sebelumnya dipercayai
bahwa dinosaurus merupakan makhluk berdarah dingin, seperti
reptil). Pilihan lainnya tidak sesuai dengan ciri-ciri reptil.
30. Jawab
: A produce
Kata kunci
: generate
Pembahasan : Kata generate berarti menghasilkan. Sementara itu masingmasing pilihan jawaban berarti menghasilkan (produce), kehilangan (lose), menggunakan (use) dan mentoleransi (tolerate).
Jadi kata generate bermakna mirip dengan produce.
98
31. Jawab
: A move faster and have greater endurance than reptiles
Kata kunci
: move more swiftly
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan Birds and mammals move more swiftly and
have greater physical endurance than reptiles (Burung dan mamalia
bergerak lebih cepat dan mempunyai ketahanan fisik lebih besar daripada reptil).
32. Jawab
99
Questions 33-39
Line
(5)
(10)
(15)
(20)
(25)
(30)
100
Lightning has been a mystery since early times. People of ancient civilizations believed angry gods threw lightning bolts from the sky. Nobody understood
that lightning resulted from electricity until Ben Franklin flew a kite with a key dangling from the string, and it was struck by lightning.
In current times, it is known that lightning has a very scientific cause. Generally, within a storm cloud, friction from water and ice-laden clouds creates a negative charge at the bottom of the cloud. When that charge grows too great for the air
to hold it back, it is united with a positive charge from the Earth, creating a channel
of electricity that flows between the two points. The charge remains invisible as it
moves towards the ground until it meets the charge rising from the ground. Once
they meet, a fifty thousand degree current superheats the air around the channel,
resulting in an explosion of sound known as thunder. In fact, very recently it has
been discovered that occasionally the positive charges appear at the bottom of
the cloud, which are then met by negative charges from earth.
Florida leads the nation in lightning deaths. Approximately ten people die
each year in Florida from lightning, which surpasses the number of deaths caused
by the winds of other weather events such as tornados and hurricanes. Lightning
is much harder to forecast than a storm. Forecasters can indicate when a storm is
likely to produce lightning, but there is no way to know when or where lightning
will actually strike. It is known that it can actually strike up to 25 miles from the
center of a storm, which occurs when lightning originates under a cloud but travels horizontally for a time before turning towards earth. Thunder is only heard up
to ten miles from where lightning strikes, so it is possible to be struck by lightning
without even realizing there is a storm in the area.
Generally, people are injured by lightning when they are in the open, near
or in water, or near tall structures like trees. Golfers, swimmers, beach-goers, and
outdoor workers are in greatest danger. The greatest number of victims are males,
but it is believed that this is because males are more likely to be in the places where
lightning strikes. When lightning is about to strike, one feels an odd, tingling sensation, and ones hair stands on end. Of course, there is little chance to do anything
about it, because the full blow will occur within a second and be over in a couple
of seconds. The victim may be thrown, lose consciousness, be burned, die, or suffer
permanent injury. Some people recover completely, but others do not.
33. Jawab
: B Ben Franklin
Kata kunci
: Ben Franklin
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan Nobody understood that lightning resulted
from electricity until Ben Franklin flew a kite with a key dangling from
the string, and it was struck by lightning (Tidak seorang pun memahami bahwa petir diakibatkan oleh listrik sampai Ben Franklin menerbangkan layang-layang dengan kunci tergantung pada
tali, dan kemudian disambar petir).
34. Jawab
: B hanging
Kata kunci
: dangling
Pembahasan : Kata dangling berarti menggantung. Sementara itu masing-masing pilihan jawaban berarti terhubung (connected), hanging
(menggantung), terikat (tied) dan dijahit pada (sewed into). Jadi
kata dangling bermakna mirip dengan hanging.
35. Jawab
: A they meet each other in the sky
Kata kunci
: meets the charge
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan, The charge remains invisible as it moves towards the ground until it meets the charge rising from the ground
(Muatan listrik ini tak terlihat saat bergerak ke bumi sampai bertemu dengan muatan yang naik dari bumi).
36. Jawab
: B friction
Kata kunci
: negative charge
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan within a storm cloud, friction from water and
ice-laden clouds creates a negative charge at the bottom of the cloud
(di dalam awan badai, gesekan dari air dan awan yang mengandung es menciptakan muatan negatif di bagian bawah awan).
37. Jawab
: C its approach can be felt by someone about to be struck
Kata kunci
: When lightning is about to strike
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan, When lightning is about to strike, one feels
an odd, tingling sensation, and ones hair stands on end (Ketika petir akan menyambar, seseorang merasakan sensasi yang aneh,
menggelitik, dan rambut-rambutnya akan berdiri). Jadi sebelum
petir menyambar, kedatangannya dapat dirasakan oleh seseorang.
101
38. Jawab
: A the charge from the earth meets the charge from the cloud
Kata kunci
: resulting in an explosion of sound known as thunder
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan Once they meet, a fifty thousand degree current superheats the air around the channel, resulting in an explosion
of sound known as thunder (Begitu bertabrakan, lima puluh ribu
derajat muatan listrik memanaskan udara di sekitar saluran, mengakibatkan ledakan suara yang disebut sebagai petir).
39. Jawab
: A it travels horizontally first
Kata kunci
: up to 25 miles from the center of a storm
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan it can actually strike up to 25 miles from the
center of a storm, which occurs when lightning originates under a
cloud but travels horizontally for a time before turning towards earth
(dapat menyambar sampai 25 mil dari pusat badai, yang terjadi
ketika petir berawal dari bawah awan namun bergerak secara
horizontal sebelum membelok ke bawah menuju bumi).
102
Questions 40-50
Line
(5)
(10)
(15)
(20)
(25)
40. Jawab
: B escaped
Kata kunci
: eluded
Pembahasan : Kata eluded berarti menghindar. Sementara itu masing-masing
pilihan jawaban berarti mengalami (undergone), terlepas (escaped), bertemu (met) dan memenuhi (fulfilled). Jadi kata eluded bermakna mirip dengan escaped.
103
41. Jawab
: A eyes
Kata kunci
: them
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan milky eyes (like those of dead fish) with something that appears like a tassels hanging from each of them (mata
berkabut (seperti mata ikan mati) dengan sesuatu yang tampak
seperti jumbai yang menggantung dari masing-masingnya). Jadi
dapat disimpulkan bahwa them merujuk pada kata eyes.
42. Jawab
: A loses an entire set at once
Kata kunci
: teeth being discarded together
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan entire layers of teeth being discarded together
and replaced with a new set (keseluruhan lapisan gigi tanggal secara bersamaan dan digantikan dengan satu set gigi baru). Jadi
gigi hiu ini tidak tanggal satu per satu melainkan sekaligus.
43. Jawab
: B it has been difficult to observe the shark to any great degree
Kata kunci
: extremely frigid
Pembahasan : Dari teks dapat disimpulkan bahwa suhu air yang sangat dingin
membuat sulit pengamatan spesies ini.
44. Jawab
: A sluggish
Kata kunci
: lethargic
Pembahasan : Kata lethargic berarti lesu. Sementara itu masing-masing pilihan
jawaban berarti bermalas-malas (sluggish), energik (energetic),
marah (angry) dan bengis (violent). Jadi kata lethargic bermakna mirip dengan sluggish.
45. Jawab
: A dead animal flesh
Kata kunci
: fish and carrion
Pembahasan : Kata carrion berarti daging bangkai.
46. Jawab
: B a material that causes intoxication
Kata kunci
: flesh of one of these sharks is ingested
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan, when the flesh of one of these sharks is ingested by any being other than another Greenland Shark, a strong
neurotoxin causes extreme intoxication (ketika daging salah satu
hiu ini dimakan oleh makhluk lain kecuali sesame Hiu Greenland,
racun syaraf yang kuat menyebabkan keracunan hebat). Jadi daging hiu ini mengandung bahan yang menyebabkan keracunan
(intoxication).
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47. Jawab
: B dogs
Kata kunci
: they
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan, packs of wild dogs that have eaten a dead
Greenland Shark and become so intoxicated that they could not walk
(segerombolan anjing liar yang telah memakan Hiu Greenland
mati dan sangat keracunan sampai-sampai mereka tidak bisa berjalan). Jadi kata they merujuk pada dogs.
48. Jawab
: C a type of parasite
Kata kunci
: parasite called a copepod
Pembahasan : Pada teks disebutkan, a certain type of parasite called a copepod
(sejenis parasit yang disebut copepod).
49. Jawab
: A disfigurement
Kata kunci
: scar
Pembahasan : Kata scar berarti bekas luka. Sementara itu masing-masing pilihan jawaban berarti cacat (disfigurement), kornea (cornea), copepod (copepod) dan hiu (shark). Jadi kata scar bermakna mirip
dengan disfigurement.
50. Jawab
: B milky, fogginess
Kata kunci
: cloudiness
Pembahasan : Kata cloudiness berarti berawan. Sementara itu masing-masing
pilihan jawaban berarti mata (eye), seperti susu (milky), berkabut (fogginess) dan copepod (copepod). Jadi kata cloudiness bermakna mirip dengan milky dan fogginess.
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