LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM JOB 1

KARAKTERISTIK BJT

Disusun oleh:

Nama : Ibreza Indra Alhaj

Kelas : 3 EB

NPM : 062230320580

Partner : Indah Zahrani

Dosen Pengampu : Sabilal Rasyad, S.T, M. Kom

TEKNIK ELEKTRO

POLITEKNIK NEGERI SRIWIJAYA

2023
 Karakteristik BJT

Tujuan
a. Memahami karakteristik transistor BJT

b. Memahami teknik bias dengan sumber arus konstan

Dasar Teori
Transistor merupakan salah satu komponen elektronika paling penting. Terdapat dua jenis
transistor berdasarkan jenis muatan penghantar listriknya, yaitu bipolar dan unipolar. Dalam hal
ini akan dipelajari transistor bipolar. Transistor bipolar terdiri atas dua jenis, bergantung susunan
bahan yang digunakan, yaitu jenis NPN dan PNP. Simbol hubungan antara arus dan tegangan
dalam transistor ditunjukan oleh gambar berikut ini.

Gambar 1. Transistor BJT NPN Gambar 2. Transistor BJT PNP

Terdapat suatu hubungan matematis antara besarnya arus kolektor (IC), arus basis (IB), dan
arus emiter (IE), yaitu beta (β) = penguatan arus dc untuk common emiter, alpha (α)=
penguatan arus untuk common basis, dengan hubungan matematis sebagai berikut.

IC IC
 dan   
IB 
=  
1

sehingga 
1
I

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 1
Karakteristik sebuah transistor biasanya diperoleh dengan pengukuran arus dan tegangan
pada rangkaian dengan konfigurasi common emiter (kaki emiter terhubung dengan
ground), seperti ditunjukkan pada gambar berikut ini.

Gambar 3. Rangkaian Common Emiter

Terdapat dua buah kurva karakteristik yang dapat diukur dari rangkaian diatas, yaitu:

Karakteristik IC - VBE

Karakterinstik IC - VCE

Kurva Karakteristik IC - VBE

Arus kolektor merupakan fungsi eksponensial dari tegangan VBE. Dapat digambarkan
sebagai
C kurva
ES seperti ditunjukkan pada gambar berikut ini.

Gambar 4. Kurva Karakteristik IC - VBE

Dari kurva di atas juga dapat diperoleh transkonduktansi dari transistor, yang merupakan
kemiringan dari kurva di atas,
gm = ΔIC/ ΔVBE

Kurva Karakteristik IC – VCE

Arus kolektor juga bergantung pada tegangan kolektor-emiter. Titik kerja (mode kerja)
transistor dibedakan menjadi tiga bagian, yaitu daerah aktif, saturasi, dan cut-off.
Persyaratan kondisi ketiga mode kerja ini dapat dirangkum dalam tabel berikut ini.

Mode Kerja IC VCE VBE VCB Bias B-C Bias B-E

Aktif = .IB =VBE +VCB 0.7V 0 Reverse Forward
Saturasi Max 0V 0.7V -0.7V<VCE<0 Forward Forward

Cut-Off 0A =VBE +VCB 0V 0V - -

Dalam kurva IC-VCE mode kerja transistor ini ditunjukkan pada area-area dalam gambar
berikut ini.

Gambar 5. Kurva Karakteristik IC – VCE

Alat dan Komponen yang Digunakan

 Sumber tegangan DC
 Generator Sinyal
 Penguat Transistor
 Sumber arus konstan
 Multimeter (3 buah)
 Kabel-kabel
 Osiloskop

Pengaruh Bias pada Penguat Transistor

1. Ubah seting sinyal generator sehingga mengeluarkan sbb (pastikan dengan
menyambungkannya ke osiloskop):
a. Gelombang sinusoid ~1KHz.
b. Amplitudo sinyal 20 mVpp (tarik tombol amplitudo agar didapat nilai yang
 kecil).
c. Gunakan T konektor pada terminal output.
2. Susunlah rangkaian seperti pada gambar dibawah ini.

10 V

Gambar 6. Rangkaian Bias Penguat Transistor

3. Hubungkan osiloskop ke rangkaian:

-Ch-1 (X) ke generator sinyal dengan kabel koaksial konektor BNC-BNC,

-Probe positif (+) Ch-2 (Y) ke titik C,

-Ground osiloskop ke titik E.

4. Gunakan seting osiloskop :

5. Skala Ch-1 pada nilai 10mV/div dengan kopling AC,
6. Skala Ch-2 pada nilai 1V/div dengan kopling AC,
7. Osiloskop pada mode waktu dengan skala horizontal 500µS/div.
8. Titik nol Ch-1 dan titik nol Ch-2 pada garis tengah layar.
9. Gunakan multimeter digital pada mode Volt-DC untuk mengukur tegangan dari VCE
dan multimeter digital pada mode Arus-DC untuk mengukur arus dari IB.
10. Atur tegangan VCC menjadi 8 volt, memutar knob pada Rvar secara perlahan

11. Baca dan catat arus IB kemudian gambarkan bentuk gelombang tegangan output
VCE yang ditunjukkan osiloskop. Amati adanya distorsi pada bentuk gelombang
output.

12. Dari nilai IB dan VCE yang terbaca, tentukan letak titik kerja kondisi ini pada plot
grafik IC-VCE yang telah dibuat sebelumnya. Dengan memperhatikan titik kerja ini,
jelaskan mengapa distorsi pada langkah-7 terjadi.
13. Ulangi langkah 6-8. Untuk nilai-nilai VCE: 2V dan 5V.

14. Dengan seting terakhir (VCE = 5V), lakukan pengukuran arus kolektor (IC), arus
basis (IB), dan arus emiter (IE). Catat nilai arus ini.
15. Lakukan juga pengukuran nilai resistansi bias RB. Catat nilai resistansi ini.
16. Amati dan gambar bentuk tegangan yang terlihat di osiloskop, naikan amplitudo
input (dari generator sinyal) hingga tampak terjadi distorsi pada gelombang tegangan
output (VCE). Catat besar amplitudo input dan gambarkan bentuk gelombang
outputnya.

Tabel Data Pengamatan

Tabel 1. Pengaruh Bias pada Kerja Transistor

Keadaan Vin Vout

Daerah cut-off
IB = 0 mA
IC = 0 mA 20 mV
VCE = 10 V
VBE = 0 V

Daerah aktif
 IB = 0 mA 2 V = 2000 Mv
IC = 1,75 mA 20 mV Penguat pembalik
VCE = 2,7 V = 100 Kali
VBE = 0,7 V

Daerah saturasi
IB = 0 mA 2 V = 2000 Mv
IC = 2,5 mA 20 mV Penguat pembalik
VCE = 0 V = 100 Kali
VBE = 0,6 V

KET :
Channel satu OSC : 20 mV (Input Function Generator).
Channel dua OSC : 1 V (Penguatan 100 kali).

ANALISA DATA

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KESIMPULAN

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LAMPIRAN

a ) Garis Beban DC

b) Tegangan Vcc dan Nilai function Generator

c) Tampilan Gelombang Osiloskop
Channel 1 berwarna Biru (Input Function Generator)
Channel 2 berwarna Kuning (Output Transistor)

d ) Foto Rangkaian

e ) Foto Area Saturasi

f ) Foto Area Aktif

g) Foto Pengukuran Multimeter