Prinsip Dasar Stratigrafi
Prinsip Dasar Stratigrafi
Prinsip Dasar Stratigrafi
STRATIGRAFI
HUKUM-HUKUM STENO
(1669)
a. SUPERPOSISI
Modified statement
Law of Superposition : The younger strata at the top in
an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks (Anthony,
1955)
" DALAM KEADAAN NORMAL, SUATU LAPISAN BATUAN YANG
LETAKNYA DIATAS SATUAN LAPISAN YANG LAIN, SELALU BERUMUR
LEBIH MUDA DARIPADA LAPISAN BATUAN DIBAWAHNYA .
Undisturbed strata
Disturbed strata
Disturbed strata
Penekanan pada :
- waktu diterjemahkan hubungan
yang bersifat fisik, antar perlapisan
- strata/lapisan, bukan batuan
- kondisi normal, belum mengalami
gangguan
b. HORISONTALITAS / KEDATARAN
Modified statement :
Law of Horizontality Sedimentary strata are laid down
nearly horizontally and are essentially parallel to the
surface upon which they accumulate (Anthony, 1955)
- Lapisan-lapisan sedimen diendapkan mendekati
horisontal dan
pada dasarnya sejajar dengan bidang permukaan dimana
lapisan sedimen tersebut diendapkan.
-Akumulasi lapisan-lapisan sedimen adalah secara vertikal.
- Susunan lapisan yang kedudukannya tidak horisontal
berarti
telah mengalami proses geologi lain setelah
pengendapannya.
c. KESINAMBUNGAN
Modified statement :
Law of Original continuity : The original continuity of
water-laid sedimentary strata is terminated only by
pinching out against the basin of deposition, at the time of
their deposition (Anthony, 1955)
Lapisan sedimen diendapkan secara menerus dan
bersinambungan (continuity), sampai batas cekungan
sedimentasinya
Lapisan sedimen tidak mungkin terpotong secara tiba-tiba,
dan berubah menjadi batuan lain dalam keadaan normal
Pada dasarnya hasil suatu pengendapan yakni bidang
perlapisan, akan menerus walaupun tidak kasat mata
Pemancungan : Ketidakselarasan, erosi, morfologi
Sedimentary rocks
Sedimentary rocks
MODIFIED STATEMENT
The present is the key to the past"
F A C I E S (Greeslv. 1836)
Pada tahun 1836 seorang ahli dari SWISS bernama A.
GREESLY menyebutkan caranya sendiri dalam mempelajari
batuan.
Modified statement
" The term facies designates the differences, whatever they
may be between formations of the same age; the differences
may be either in petrographic composition. resulting the nature
of the substances deposited, or paleontologic differnces,
resulting from the living conditions of the animal and plant
fossils ".
" FACIES are then difinitely the different kinds of deposite,
sedimentary or other, which can be produced simultaneously,
at a given geological moment, just as is the case at the present
time. One then speaks of the various facies of a formation as
one would speak of the different deposits of modern times ".
Keterangan .
Greesly mulai melihat fosil sebagai bagian batuan, tidak
River
Shallow
marine
Deep
Deep
marine
marine
Beach
Shallow
marine
River
Beach
Deep
marine
Shallow
marine
Walthers Law
Time T2000
Time T0
Lithostratigraphy
A Sand
Nonmarine Member X
B Sand
Shale Z
Chronostratigraphy
Unit 2
Unit 3
Lithostratigraphy and
Chronostratigraphy
Hypothetical Cross Section
Alluvial Plain
Foreshore/Upper Shoreface
Coastal Plain
Shoreface/Shelf
Correlation Styles
Lithostratigraphic Correlation
Chronostratigraphic Correlation
B io s tr a tig r a p h y v s L it h o s tr a t ig r a p h y a n d C h r o n o s tr a tig r a p h y
H y p o t h e t ic a l M ic r o fo s s il S ig n a tu r e o f C y c lic D e p o s itio n
S P E C IE S D IS T R IB U T IO N C H A R T
TO TA L
ABUNDANCE
T O TA L
D IV E R S I T Y
# NEW
T E R T IA R Y R E W O R K E D
ABUNDANCE
FORAM /
AGE
M E S O Z O IC
U V IG E R IN A
NANNO
P E R E G R IN A
NANNOS
NANNOS
TO PS
PA LE O B AT H Y M ET RY
GAM MA
RAY
SEQ U EN CE
SC ALE
SM W
ACM E
ZO NE
M A X IM U M F L O O D IN G S U R F A C E
MFS
H ST
* L A D S. A B IE S
TST
LSW
* FA D D . TA M A L IS
TRO UGH
T RU NC ATE
C O N D E N S E D S E C T IO N
M FS
PEAK
SEQU ENCE
BO U ND RARY
PEAK
BFF
B A S IN W A R D S H IF T = S E Q U E N C E B O U N D A R Y
F L O O D IN G S U R FA C E
F L O O D IN G S U R FA C E
H ST
PAR AS EQ U E NC E
SCA LE
F L O O D IN G
SU R FA C E
F L O O D IN G S U R F A C E
D IS T A N C E
NOTE
D IA C H R O N O U S
A F T E R H A Q , 1991
M O D I F I E D B Y R F W 7 /0 2