EM KIRAN KRE IF LIT K L

an N

ra
MODUL 1 : PROSES
PENYELESAIAN MASALAH
Objektif
penyelesaian Definisi
masalah masalah
PENYELESAIAN MASALAH
– Penyelesaian masalah merupakan sebahagian pemikiran.

– Fungsi intelektual yang paling rumit, penyelesaian masalah telah ditakrifkan sebagai satu
proses kognitif yang berperingkat tinggi.

– Penyelesaian masalah berlaku apabila individu (pemikiran) tidak tahu bagaimana menuju
daripada satu keadaan yang diberikan kepada satu keadaan sasaran yang
diingini.
PENYELESAIAN MASALAH

– Penyelesaian masalah merupakan matlamat utama dalam satu-satu proses

permasalahan.
– matlamat ke arah bukanlah suatu yang
Namun penyelesaian masalah dicapai kerana
tahap-tahap dan penggunaan
mudah
kemahiran-kemahiran
ia tertentu.melibatkan
PENYELESAIAN MASALAH –
Adakah ia satu kaedah boleh dipelajari?
– Kehidupan manusia sering kali dikaitkan dengan masalah malah ianya telah menjadi sebahagian
dari kehidupan.

– Secara umumnya masalah didefinisikan sebagai suasana, orang atau benda yang perlu perhatian untuk diambil
tindakan atau diselesaikan.

– Contohnya suasana tegang perlu dikendurkan, orang yang sakit perlu disembuhkan dan barang yang rosak
perlu diperbaiki.

– Masalah juga boleh dikaitkan dengan perkara yang seumpamanya seperti kesulitan, kesilapan dan halangan
ketika menjalankan tugas atau melaksanakan sesuatu perkara.
MASALAH
– Perkataan ‖masalah‖ merujuk kepada suatu keadaan, situasi atau
pengalaman yang boleh memberi kesan kepada ketidakseimbangan
seseorang individu dari aspek emosi, pemikiran, tindakan dan
adakalanya fizikal.
TEKNIK PENYELESAIAN
MASALAH
– TEKNIK LERAIAN ( DECOMPOSITION)
– TEKNIK PENGECAMAN CORAK ( PATTERN RECOGNITION)
– TEKNIK PENISKALAN (ABSTRACTION)
– TEKNIK ALGORITMA (ALGORITHMS)
TEKNIK LERAIAN
(DECOMPOSITION)
• Pecahkan masalah kepada yang lebih kecil.
• Pecahkan masalah kompleks ke mudah
diurus.
TEKNIK PENGECAMAN CORAK
( PATTERN RECOGNITION)
• Cari persamaan (similarities) antara masalah.
• Kenalpasti persamaan atau corak setiap masalah.
• Bantu menyelesaikan masalah dengan lebih
efisien.
TEKNIK PENISKALAN (ABSTRACTION)
• Jana penyelesaian masalah yang lebih tepat.
• Model iaitu perwakilan/idea masalah yang INGIN diselesaikan.
TEKNIK ALGORITMA (Algorithms)
• Membangunkan penyelesaian masalah.
• Mematuhi peraturan untuk menyelesaikan masalah.
• Merupakan pelan/set langkah arahan untuk selesaikan masalah.
• Titik permulaan rekaan program komputer dalam bentuk
pseudokod dan carta alir.
CIRI-CIRI PENYELESAIAN MASALAH

– KOS
– MASA
– SUMBER
1. KOS

• Kos ialah pembayaran berupa wang, masa, tenaga, dan perbelanjaan untuk
mendapatkan, mengeluarkan dan menyelenggara.
• Projek normal merupakan projek yang dilaksanakan ikut masa dan kos yang
diperuntukkan.
• Kos siap masa tercepat (crashing cost) merupakan usaha maksimum untuk
selesaikan projek dalam masa yang singkat.
• Kos meningkat, tempoh masa menurun.
2. MASA

– Sesuatu projek yang disiapkan mengikut masa yang ditetapkan.

– Aktiviti yang tertunda/lambat dan keperluan menyiapkan projek
dalam
jangka masa terhad/tersingkat akan tingkatkan kos.
3. SUMBER
• Bahan mentah, wang atau stok, pekerja dan aset lain digunakan dalam
organisasi agar operasi dapat berjalan lancar.
• Sumber digunakan untuk untuk menjana hasil atau perkhidmatan.
• Contoh: Sumber kewangan, manusia dan teknologi.
• Pihak pengurusan sumber perlu merancang penggunaan sumber
supaya tidak berlaku pembaziran.
• Sumber yang berkurang pula menyebabkan kelewatan projek dan
kos meningkat.
PROSES PENYELESAIAN MASALAH
• Mengumpulkan dan menganalisis data
• Menentukan masalah
• Menjana idea
• Menjana penyelesaian
• Menentukan tindakan
• Melaksanakan penyelesaian
• Membuat penilaian
• Membuat penambahbaikan
HALANGAN
MODUL 2 : KEMAHIRAN
PEMIKIRAN KREATIF &
ANALITIKAL
KEMAHIRAN
BERFIKIR
keupayaan seseorang untuk menghasilkan
SECARA dan mencetuskan idea yang baru dan
mempunyai idea tulen yang tersendiri.
KREATIF
Hasil idea yang kreatif juga merupakan hasil
adea yang diilhamkan sendiri daripada
individu atau hasil daripada gabungan idea
yang sedia ada.
BERFIKIR SECARA KRITIS (CRITICAL)
– Mempunyai kemahiran dan kecekapan menggunakan minda untuk
menilai kewajaran sesuatu idea, meniliti kelebihan serta kebaikan dan
juga kelemahan sesuatu perkara sebelum membuat pertimbangan wajar
dengan mengemukakan bukti dan alasan yang benar serta berkaitan.
Tahap yang mesti dilalui dan digunakan oleh individu
apabila berfikir secara kritis.
Tahap yang mesti dilalui dan digunakan oleh individu
apabila berfikir secara kritis.
PERBEZAAN
INTERPERSONAL YANG
MEMPENGARUHI PEMIKIRAN INDIVIDU
 UNDERSTANDING OTHERS –
PERSONALITY PROFILE

THE
STRENGTH STRATEGIES GETTING
THE FOUR AND TO HANDLE RESULTS
TEMPERAMEN WEAKNESSES DIFFERENT FROM OTHER
T THEORY OF EACH PERSONALITY PERSONALITY
PERSONALITY

The Choleric The Sanguine The Melancholic The Phlegmatic

 CHOLERIC: This is the commander-type. Cholerics are
dominant, strong, decisive, stubborn and even arrogant

SANGUINE: This is the social-type. They enjoy fun, socialising,

chatting, telling stories - and are fond of promising the world,
because that's the friendly thing to do.

MELANCHOLY: This is the mental-type. Their typical behaviour

involves thinking, assessing, making lists, evaluating the positives
and negatives, and general analysis of facts.

PHLEGMATIC: This is the flat-type. They are easy going, laid

back, nonchalant, unexcitable and relaxed. Desiring a peaceful
environment above all else.
POWERFUL CHOLERIC
Strengths

Emotions Work Friends

Born leader Goal oriented Has little need for friends
Compulsive need for change Sees the big picture Will work for group activity
Must correct wrong doings Organises well Will lead & organise
Strong willed & decisive Seeks practical solutions Is usually right
Not easily discouraged Delegates work well Excels in emergencies
Exudes confidence Action & result oriented
Self sufficient & Thrives on opposition
independent

Weaknesses
Emotions Work Friends
Bossy, impatient, can’t relax Little tolerance for mistakes Tends to use people
Impetuous Bored by trivia Domineering
Enjoys controversy, arguments May make rash decisions Decides for others
Wont give up when losing Maybe rude & tactless Knows & can do everything
Comes on too strong Demanding of others Too independent
Inflexible End justifies the means Can’t say ‘Sorry’
Dislikes tears & emotions Work maybe his God Maybe right but unpopular
Demands loyalty in the
ranks
Popular
Sanguine
Strengths
Emotions Work Friends
Appealing personality Likes to volunteer for jobs Makes friends easily
Talkative, storyteller Thinks up new activities Loves people
Good sense of humor Creative & colorful Thrives on compliments
Physically holds on to listener Starts in a flashy way Envied by others
Emotional & demonstrative Charms others to work Doesn’t hold grudge
Cheerful, spontaneous Inspires others to join Apologises quickly
Life of the party

Weaknesses

Emotions Work Friends

Compulsive talker Would rather talk Hates to be alone
Exaggerates Forgets obligations Needs to be center stage
Dwells on trivia Don’t follow through Wants to be popular
Has restless energy Confidence fades fast Looks for credit
Egotistical Undisciplined Dominates conversations
Complains Priorities out of order Fickle & forgetful
Gets angry easily Decides by feelings or impulse Makes excuses
Never grows up Wastes time talking

39
39
Perfect Melancholy
Strengths
Emotions Work Friends
Deep & thoughtful Schedule oriented Makes friends cautiously
Serious, purposeful Perfectionist, high standards Happy to be in background
Genius, creative talented Detail conscious, thorough Faithful & devoted
Artistic & musical Orderly & organised Will listens to complaints
Philosophical & poetic Finds creative solutions Can solve other’s problems
Appreciative of beauty Finish what he started Deep concern for others
Sensitive of others Visualers- see charts, figures Seeks ideal mate
Self sacrificing

Weaknesses
Emotions Work Friends
Remembers the negatives Depressed over imperfections Withdrawn & remote
Moody & depressed, guilt Chooses difficult work Critical of others
Low self image Hesitant to start projects Holds back affection
Has selective hearing Over plan or too detail Dislikes those in opposition
Too introspective / thoughtful Prefers analysis to work Suspicious, vengeful
Persecution complex Hard to please Antagonistic / Aggressive &
Tends to be hypochondria Deep need for approval unforgiving
Standards often too high Skeptical of compliments
Peaceful Phlegmatic
Strengths
Emotions Work Friends
Low-key personality Competent & steady Easy to get along with
Easygoing & relaxed Peaceful & agreeable Pleasant & enjoyable
Calm cool & collected Has administrative ability Inoffensive
Patient, well balanced Mediates problems Good listener
Quiet & witty Avoids conflicts Dry sense of humor
Keeps emotions hidden Good under pressure Enjoys watching people
Finds the easy way Has many friends
Has compassion &
concern

Weaknesses

Emotions Work Friends

Unenthusiastic Not goal oriented Dampens enthusiasm
Fearful & worried Lacks self motivation Stays uninvolved
Indecisive Hard to get moving Is not exciting
Avoids responsibility Resents being pushed Indifferent to plans
Quiet will of iron Lazy & careless Judges others
Selfish Discourages others Sarcastic & teasing
Too shy & reserve/ Would rather watch Resists change
quiet
Too compromising
Self righteous
 43

How to manage a…
Popular Sanguine Powerful Choleric
–Get them to share their ideas – Support their goals and objectives
& opinions
–Ask questions that allow them
–Develop mutually stimulating to discover things rather than be
ideas together told
– Don‘t argue. Instead explore –Present facts and figures when
alternative solutions. disagreeing. Do not allow personal
–When you reach an agreement, feelings to take over
iron out the specific detail concerning – Give recognition to their ideas
what, when, who and how.
–To influence the decisions of the
– Summarise in writing Choleric, provide alternative actions
– Follow up on the written agreement with probabilities of its success
(backed by facts)
– Be precise, efficient,
time-disciplined and well-organized.
 44
How to manage a…
Perfect Melancholy Peaceful Phlegmatic
– Be interested in them as a person
–Be as organised, detail minded
– Learn to differentiate what he/she
and thoughtful as a Melancholy wants vs what he/she thinks you want
–Be thorough by listing pros to hear
– Discuss personal feelings &
and cons of any plan you opinions when disagreeing. Avoid
propose facts & logic
–Present viable alternatives – When follow through after a
dispute, explore potential areas for
when dealing with disadvantages future misunderstanding or
–Give Melancholy time to dissatisfaction
– Pace yourself with a
process your words and actions
Phlegmatic.
– Follow up with him/her in writing. – Be open to their ideas &
–Give assurances and guarantees listen
actively
that any action taken by a Melancholy
–Phlegmatic hates risk and
will not backfire needs lots of assurances from you
Kita semua mempunyai
kekuatan yang berbeza
– Kekuatan watak adalah berbeza
daripada kekuatan peribadi anda
yang lain, seperti kemahiran unik,
bakat, minat dan sumber anda
– Kerana mereka mencerminkan
"sebenar" anda siapa anda teras
anda
KEKUATAN UTAMA
– Merujuk kepada kekuatan
watak yang PALING UTAMA
bagi diri kita.
– Ia adalah KEKUATAN yang
BIASANYA (tetapi tidak
selalu) muncul di
bahagian atas profil hasil
seseorang selepas
mengambil SURVEI MELALUI
VIA.
Kita semua mempunyai
kekuatan yang berbeza
– Setiap individu memiliki semua 24
kekuatan watak dalam darjah
yang berbeza, memberikan
setiap orang profil kekuatan watak
yang unik.
– Kenalpasti profil kekuatan watak
peribadi anda dengan
mengambil Tinjauan VIA yang
disahkan secara saintifik.
Mengapa saya perlu mengetahui
kekuatan watak saya?

– Mengetahui kekuatan watak anda bukan

sekadar maklumat yang menarik.
– Apabila digunakan dengan mahir -
kesan
sebagai
positif yangseorang pemimpin
ketara kepada dan anda
kehidupan juga
memberikan impak kepada stress yang
dihadapi.
Mengapa saya perlu mengetahui
kekuatan watak saya?
– Kajian menunjukkan, kekuatan watak boleh
membantu anda:-
– Menampan, mengurus & mengatasi
masalah
– Perbaiki perhubungan

– Meningkatkan kesihatan & kesejahteraan

keseluruhan
Bagaimanakah memahami kekuatan
watak boleh mengubah hidup anda?
– Apabila anda mengetahui ciri-ciri watak terbaik anda,
anda boleh meningkatkan kehidupan anda dan
berkembang maju
– Penyelidikan menunjukkan bahawa menggunakan
kekuatan watak anda boleh membantu anda
– Perbaiki hubungan anda
– Meningkatkan kesihatan dan kesejahteraan
keseluruhan
– Menampan, mengurus dan mengatasi masalah
• https://www.viacharacter.org/character-strengths-via
Berfikir POSITIF – kunci kejayaan anda
– Adakah anda tahu bahawa pemikiran positif adalah salah satu
kunci terpenting untuk mencapai kejayaan?
– Dengan kunci ini, lebih mudah untuk memperoleh kejayaan,
kedamaian dalaman, hubungan yang lebih baik, kesihatan
yang lebih baik, kebahagiaan dan kepuasan.
Berfikir POSITIF – kunci kejayaan anda
– Kunci ini, juga membantu dalam urusan harian kehidupan,
menjadikan segala-galanya mengalir dengan lebih lancar,
dan dengan kurang geseran.
– Sikap positif menjadikan hidup kelihatan lebih cerah dan
menjanjikan.
Pemikiran POSITIF menular (contagious)
– Orang di sekeliling anda memberi impak kepada mood mental
anda.
– Fikirkan tentang kebahagiaan, kesihatan yang baik dan kejayaan,
dan anda akan menyebabkan orang menyukai anda dan
ingin membantu anda, kerana mereka menikmati getaran
yang dipancarkan oleh fikiran positif.
Pemikiran POSITIF menular (contagious)
– Pemikiran positif bukan sekadarmengulangi beberapa perkataan
positif atau memberitahu diri anda bahawa semuanya akan baik-
baik saja.
– Ia mestilah sikap mental utama anda. Tidak cukup untuk berfikir
secara positif untuk beberapa saat, dan kemudian membiarkan
ketakutan dan kekurangan kepercayaan memasuki fikiran anda.
– Perlu usaha dan kerja dalaman mental.
Adakah anda MAHU?
– Adakah anda benar-benar inginkan perubahan dalaman yang
sebenar?
– Adakah anda sanggup mengubah cara anda berfikir?
– Adakah anda bersedia untuk membangunkan kuasa mental yang
boleh memberi kesan positif kepada anda, persekitaran
anda dan orang di sekeliling anda?
Kuasa Minda yang Positif
– Adakah anda rasa/fikir anda seorang yang berfikiran positif?
– Sikap mental yang positif boleh meningkatkan kesihatan anda,
memperbaiki hubungan anda, meningkatkan peluang anda
untuk berjaya, dan menambah tahun dalam hidup anda.
Kuasa Minda yang Positif
– Hakikatnya, kebanyakan orang dihujani oleh negatif setiap hari. Sudah
tentu, mudah untuk menyalahkan dengan mengatakan anda
dikelilingi oleh orang yang negatif.
– Realitinya: Banyak perkara negatif adalah disebabkan oleh diri sendiri
dipengaruhi oleh persekitaran anda dan perspektif peribadi
anda tentang realiti kehidupan.
Kuasa Minda yang Positif

– Fikirkan berapa kerap anda dikelilingi oleh orang yang bertengkar

mengenai wang, bimbang tentang kemungkinan kegagalan,
mengeluh tentang tindakan seseorang, mengkritik, kesilapan, tidak
percaya niat seseorang, menyalahkan orang lain untuk mengelakkan
kutukan, iri hati terhadap pencapaian peribadi dan gosip tentang
sampah remeh.
– Tidak hairanlah kita keletihan pada penghujung hari.
Negativiti yang Kita Hadapi
Kata-kata Negatif
 Banyak hujah/kata-kata adalah hasil daripada komunikasi yang
lemah, kurangnya pemikiran terbuka atau pertembungan nilai dan
prinsip yang bertentangan.
Negativiti yang Kita Hadapi
Risau/bimbang Tentang kehilangan kawalan. Mereka inginkan kepastian
dalam dunia yang tidak menentu.
Takut Sesetengah orang takut perkara yang tidak diketahui. Ketakutan
mendorong orang untuk menarik diri, menyimpan maklumat,
menyembunyikan kesilapan dan enggan mengambil risiko. Sama ada
ketakutan mereka disebabkan oleh sesuatu yang nyata atau dibayangkan,
persepsi adalah realiti.
 67

Negativiti yang Kita Hadapi

Menyalahkan / blame.
 Mengkritik dan menghina di khalayak ramai, mencabar
kebolehan seseorang, menetapkan tarikh akhir yang
mustahil,
seseorangdan
daripada
menghalang
mendapatkan maklumat adalah taktik yang
mewujudkan negatif.
 Apabila berlaku masalah, orang saling menyalahkan antara satu sama
lain. Hasilnya ialah semua orang menjaga #1 — diri mereka sendiri.
 68

Negativiti yang Kita Hadapi

Aduan
 Sebab ramai orang mengeluh sepanjang masa tidak semestinya kerana
mereka tidak berpuas hati dengan kehidupan atau keadaan mereka.
 Hakikatnya, pengadu kompulsif tidak menyedari
mengadu. bahawa mereka Pengadu terus menerus
keinginan menjadi
merungut
permulaan
keranaperbualan.
bosanAtau
ataukadang-kadang, orang
mengeluh hanya kerana ia membuatkan mereka berasa lebih baik.
 69

Negativiti yang Kita Hadapi

– Kritikan. Terdapat perbezaan antara maklum balas yang membina dan
kritikan yang menjatuhkant. Walaupun maklum balas yang
membina ditawarkan dengan niat yang baik, kritikan yang
berterusan boleh menyebabkan tekanan, kebimbangan dan penurunan
harga diri.
– Ketidakpercayaan. Berapa banyak masa yang terbuang dan berapa
banyak keburukan yang timbul akibat ketidakpercayaan?
– Cemburu. Bilakah cukup, cukup? Kita hidup dalam masyarakat di mana
ramai orang tidak berpuas hati dengan pencapaian mereka sendiri.
 The Personal Values Checklist
By C.Roberts, Fifth Discipline Field Book

This exercise is designed to help you reach a better understanding of your most significant values.

Step 1: What I Value Most … From this list of values (both work and personal), select the ten that are most important to you-as guides for how to behave, or as components of a valued way of
life. Feel free to add any values of your own to this list.

Step 2: Elimination…..Now that you have identified ten, imagine that you are only permitted to have 5 values. Which five would you give up? Cross them off.
Now imagine that you are only permitted four. Which would you give up? Cross it off. Now cross off another, to bring your list down to three.

And another, to bring your list down to two. Finally cross off one of your two values. Which is the one item on the list that you care most about?

 Achievement  Fairness  Freedom

 Advancement and promotion  Fast Living  Physical Challenge
 Adventure  Fun Environment  Pleasure
 Affection (Love and Caring)  Financial Gain  Power & Authority
 Arts  Friendships  Privacy
 Active  Growth  Public Service
 Challenging Problems  Happiness  Sincerity
 Change and Variety  Having a Family  Sophistication
 Close Relationships  Health  Stability
 Community  Helping Other People  Status
 Competence  Helping Society  Supervising others
 Competition  Honesty  Purity
 Communication  Independence  Politic
 Commitment  Influencing Others  Pro-activeness
 Convenience  Inner Harmony  Quality of what I take part in
 Cooperation  Integrity  Culture
 Country  Reputation  Wealth
 Creativity  Responsibility and Accountability  Wisdom
 Job Tranquility  Human Right  Work under pressure
 Quality Relationship  Knowledge  Work with others
 Results  Leadership  Working Alone
 Recognition  Learning  Empathy
 Religion  Location  Decisiveness
 Teamwork  Loyalty  Democracy
 Truth  Market Position  Ecological Awareness
 Enthusiasm  Meaningful Work  Economic Security
 Effectiveness  Merit  Involvement
 Efficiency  Money  Intellectual Status
 Ethical Practice  Nature  Security
 Excellence  Being around people who are open and honest  Self Respect
 Excitement  Personal Development  Serenity
 Fame  Service Mindset
 Time Freedom
Cara Memotivasikan Diri - Motivasi Diri
• Kekal bermotivasi adalah satu perjuangan — motivasi kita sentiasa diserang
oleh pemikiran negatif dan kebimbangan tentang masa depan.
• Setiap orang menghadapi keraguan dan kemurungan.
• Apa yang membezakan mereka yang sangat berjaya adalah keupayaan untuk
terus maju.
• Tiada penyelesaian mudah untuk kekurangan motivasi.
Sebab Kita Hilang Motivasi
Terdapat 3 sebab utama kita kehilangan motivasi.
• Kurang keyakinan – Jika kita tidak percaya kita boleh berjaya, apa
gunanya mencuba?
• Kurang fokus – Jika kita tidak tahu apa yang kita mahu, adakah kita
benar-benar mahukan apa-apa?
• Kurang arah – Jika kita tidak tahu apa yang perlu
dilakukan, bagaimanakah kita boleh bermotivasi untuk
melakukannya?

72
10 Ways to Instantly Build Self
Confidence
Dress Sharp

Walk Faster

Good Posture

Personal
Commercial

Gratitude 73
 74

10 Ways to Instantly Build Self

Confidence
Compliment other People

Sit in the Front row

Speak Out

Workout

Focus on
Contributi
 Positive Mental Attitude
To find out how positive you are, answer the following questions as honest as you can using this scoring system:-

Answers Points

Always or Almost Always Usually Sometimes Rarely Never

5 4 3 2 1

Put your score in the box on the right:

1) When something unexpected forces you to change your plans, are you quick to spot a hidden advantage in this new situation?

2) Do you like most of the people you meet?

3) When you think about next year, do you tend to think that you will be better off than you are now?

4) Do you often stop to admire the things of beauty?

5) When someone finds fault with you or with something you have done, can you tell the difference between useful criticism and
‘sour grapes', which is better ignored?

6) Do you praise your spouse / best friend / lover more often than you criticise him or her?

7) Do you believe that the human race will survive well into the twenty first century?
8) Are you surprised when a friend lets you down?
9) Do you think you are happy?
10) Do you feel comfortable making yourself the target of your own jokes?

11) Do you believe that, overall, your state of mind has had a positive effect on your physical health?

12) If you make a list of your 10 favourite people, would your name be there too?

13) When you think back over the past few months, do you tend to remember your success before your setbacks and failures?

Total Points: ============

75
 76

Are you a Positive

Thinker?
– Above 55
–Consider yourself a superstar – someone whose
optimism is a powerful healing force.

– 51 – 55
– Excellent. You are a genuine positive thinker.

– 45 – 50
– Good. You are a positive thinker, sometimes.

– 40 – 44
–Fair. Your positive side and your negative side
are about evenly matched.

– Below 40
–You tend to be pessimistic. Think of ways to
improve your pessimistic. Approach to life.
What We Think, We Are
What we think, determines what we believe. What we believe,
determines how we feel. The way we feel, influences how we are
going to act.
1 2 3
POSITIVE THINKING
4 NEW BELIEFS START TO FEEL GOOD
“I can” • THOUGHTS
“I believe in myself” “I feel more confident”
•BELIEFS •FEELINGS
•ACTIONS

ACT CONFIDENTLY
“Here I am !”
TIPS Bagaimana Menguasai
‗Positif Thinking‘
– Hanya gunakan perkataan positif Ketika berfikir dan bercakap. Guna
perkataan seperti ―saya boleh‘, ‗saya mampu‘, ‗boleh dilakukan‘,
‘saya cuba dan akan boleh buat‘, ‗pasti boleh‘ dsb.
– Hanya benarkan perasaan gembira, kuat dan kejayaan dalam hidup
dan fikiran anda.
– Buang atau tidak ambil peduli semua tanggapan negative. Jangan
overthinking dan setiap kali fikiran negative melanda, gantikan
ia dengan tangapan positif dan gembira.
TIPS Bagaimana Menguasai
‗Positif Thinking‘
– Dalam percakapan seharian, gunakan perkataan yang membina
dan memberikan tanggapan yang anda kuat, gembira dan akan
berjaya.
– Sebelum memulakan perancangan, visualkan dalam kotak
pemikiran anda tentang kejayaan yang akan dicapai.
– Baca buku motivasi sekurang-kurangnya satu mukasurat sehari.
– Tonton TV/cerita gembira sahaja.
 80

TIPS Bagaimana Menguasai

‗Positif Thinking‘
– Kurangkan masa mendengar cerita negatif di media sosial.
– Bergaul dengan individu yang positif.
– Associate yourself with people who think positively.
– Berjalan atau duduk dengan postur badan yang tegak. Akan
menguatkan keyakinan diri dan memperbaiki kekuatan dalaman.
– Berjalan/jogging atau bersukan yang boleh membina
mentalyang positif.
MODUL 3 : MENJANA IDEA DALAM
RUANGAN SOLUSI DENGAN
KREATIF
1. What is the
Problem
• Accepting the Problem

• Define the Present

condition and Desired state
Where Did the Problem Start
• Clarify the question
• Challenge the assumption problem
• Determine possible reasons and evidence
• Explore different perspectives concerning
the problem
• Ask more about the original question
Define Present & Desired State
 Write a statement of the situation as it currently exists.

 Then you write a statement of where what you would like the situation to look like.

 The desired state should include concrete details and should not contain
any
information about possible causes or solutions.

 Refined descriptions for each state/concerns /needs identified in the present state
are addressed in the desired state.
Stating & Restating the Problem
• Write a statement of the problem, no matter how vague
• Try different triggers :Different words and ask questions about each one
• Replace one word with a substitute that explicitly defines the word to
• Reframe the problem
• Rephrase the statement with positives instead of negatives
• Identify any persuasive or opinionated words in the statement. Replace or eliminate them
• Try drawing a picture of the problem or writing the problem as an equation
1. Setting the Problem Statement
Write Problem Statement
• Describe the problem as a general view; to lay a solid foundation for further work

• The problem statement should include :

• Specific details about the problem –who, what, when, where and how
• Address the scope of the problem to identify boundaries of what you can reasonably solve

• The problem statement should not include :

• Any mention of possible causes
• Any potential solutions
• Should be precise and clear so anyone can comprehend it. A detailed and concise problem
• Statement will provide clear-cut goals for focus and direction for coming up with solutions
Why STATING the Problem is Important?
• If you get your problem statement wrong :

• Wrong problem statement – Search in the wrong areas for problem‘ s cause

• It helps to decide ―work‖ to be completed in the cause and in what order

• Keeping things in check. Efforts will be focused in the right area

• The problem statement provides the context within which – all work takes
place
2. Analyze the
Problem In Detail
Overview: Analyze the Problem in
Detail
• Avoid the trap focusing on what is wrong, ignoring what is right, Use :

• What – Question what is right or wrong

• Where – To locate the problem, where the problem exists and where it does not
• Who – Is involved and who is not
• How – To explore content

• How far , how many, how much affected

• Looking at the distinctions between the answers to the question or right or
wrong will give you better insights about the problem. Sharpen the statements
as the problem become clearer
 How do
you decide
which
questions
to ask?
Analyzing What is Wrong?
• Aim to develop a detailed specification of the problem
• Measure its scale and scope, determining what is
detailed symptoms are and the negative
• Consequences they cause
• It also needs to determine who is involved and when
and how often the problem
Analyzing what is right?
• The purpose of this is to determine what is the problem is not
• If things are going well, then they can‘t be part of the problem.
• What am I satisfied with?
• When are things correct?
• How much is correct?
• Where are things correct?
• Who is not involved?
3. Identify Likely
Causes
Identify Likely Causes
• Identify the differences between what you identified and between what is right
and what is wrong
• What I the different? Distinctive symptoms, Locations, Time (when it
happens
/When it doesn‘t)
• What has changed? Something happened to caused the problem (when)
• People (skill , leadership)
• Materials (Specification, quality)
• Processing (Training Processes, patterns of communications)
• What are the most likely explanation?
4. Define
Actual Causes
Define Actual causes
 ADOPTING THE ICES PROCESS
• INITIATE : Decide what to decide. This is the first important stage
of any decision making process- INITIATING THE DECISION

• CRITERIA : Defining exactly what you want

• EVALUATE : Evaluating the options available against criteria

• SELECT : Selecting the best option

6 C’s of Decision Making
• Construct : a clear picture of precisely what must be decided
• Compile : A list of requirements that must be met
• Collect : Information on alternatives that meet requirements
• Compare : Alternatives that meet requirements
• Consider : The ―What‖ might go wrong factor with each alternative
• Commit: To a decision and follow through
SWOT
ANALYSIS
BRAINSTORMING – No criticism of ideas

Individual Brainstorming Group Brain Storming

1. Develop fewer ideas but takes each 1. Generate many ideas

idea further 2. Need SOPs to work smoothly
2. Can be risky for individuals. 3. Fun, Creative and enjoyable
3. Valuable but remember sometimes 4. Great for creating cohesion in a team
strange suggestions may appear
stupid in the first place
The Fish bone Theory
Decision Making Tools

• Cost / Benefit
Analysis
6. THE 6 THINKING HATS
Benefits of Using 6 Thinking Hats
• Role-playing (Put the hat on, take the hat off, switch hats and signal
when your are thinking
• Improve Communication between team members
• Encourage out of the box thinking, parallel and lateral thinking
• Speed Up decision making
• Avoid debate
• Detaching Ego
• Sequence Use
• Single Hat Use
Benefits of Using 6 Thinking Hats