Nota Pemikiran Kreatif Dan Analitikal
Nota Pemikiran Kreatif Dan Analitikal
Nota Pemikiran Kreatif Dan Analitikal
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MODUL 1 : PROSES
PENYELESAIAN MASALAH
Objektif
penyelesaian Definisi
masalah masalah
PENYELESAIAN MASALAH
– Penyelesaian masalah merupakan sebahagian pemikiran.
– Fungsi intelektual yang paling rumit, penyelesaian masalah telah ditakrifkan sebagai satu
proses kognitif yang berperingkat tinggi.
– Penyelesaian masalah berlaku apabila individu (pemikiran) tidak tahu bagaimana menuju
daripada satu keadaan yang diberikan kepada satu keadaan sasaran yang
diingini.
PENYELESAIAN MASALAH
– Secara umumnya masalah didefinisikan sebagai suasana, orang atau benda yang perlu perhatian untuk diambil
tindakan atau diselesaikan.
– Contohnya suasana tegang perlu dikendurkan, orang yang sakit perlu disembuhkan dan barang yang rosak
perlu diperbaiki.
– Masalah juga boleh dikaitkan dengan perkara yang seumpamanya seperti kesulitan, kesilapan dan halangan
ketika menjalankan tugas atau melaksanakan sesuatu perkara.
MASALAH
– Perkataan ‖masalah‖ merujuk kepada suatu keadaan, situasi atau
pengalaman yang boleh memberi kesan kepada ketidakseimbangan
seseorang individu dari aspek emosi, pemikiran, tindakan dan
adakalanya fizikal.
TEKNIK PENYELESAIAN
MASALAH
– TEKNIK LERAIAN ( DECOMPOSITION)
– TEKNIK PENGECAMAN CORAK ( PATTERN RECOGNITION)
– TEKNIK PENISKALAN (ABSTRACTION)
– TEKNIK ALGORITMA (ALGORITHMS)
TEKNIK LERAIAN
(DECOMPOSITION)
• Pecahkan masalah kepada yang lebih kecil.
• Pecahkan masalah kompleks ke mudah
diurus.
TEKNIK PENGECAMAN CORAK
( PATTERN RECOGNITION)
• Cari persamaan (similarities) antara masalah.
• Kenalpasti persamaan atau corak setiap masalah.
• Bantu menyelesaikan masalah dengan lebih
efisien.
TEKNIK PENISKALAN (ABSTRACTION)
• Jana penyelesaian masalah yang lebih tepat.
• Model iaitu perwakilan/idea masalah yang INGIN diselesaikan.
TEKNIK ALGORITMA (Algorithms)
• Membangunkan penyelesaian masalah.
• Mematuhi peraturan untuk menyelesaikan masalah.
• Merupakan pelan/set langkah arahan untuk selesaikan masalah.
• Titik permulaan rekaan program komputer dalam bentuk
pseudokod dan carta alir.
CIRI-CIRI PENYELESAIAN MASALAH
– KOS
– MASA
– SUMBER
1. KOS
• Kos ialah pembayaran berupa wang, masa, tenaga, dan perbelanjaan untuk
mendapatkan, mengeluarkan dan menyelenggara.
• Projek normal merupakan projek yang dilaksanakan ikut masa dan kos yang
diperuntukkan.
• Kos siap masa tercepat (crashing cost) merupakan usaha maksimum untuk
selesaikan projek dalam masa yang singkat.
• Kos meningkat, tempoh masa menurun.
2. MASA
THE
STRENGTH STRATEGIES GETTING
THE FOUR AND TO HANDLE RESULTS
TEMPERAMEN WEAKNESSES DIFFERENT FROM OTHER
T THEORY OF EACH PERSONALITY PERSONALITY
PERSONALITY
Weaknesses
Emotions Work Friends
Bossy, impatient, can’t relax Little tolerance for mistakes Tends to use people
Impetuous Bored by trivia Domineering
Enjoys controversy, arguments May make rash decisions Decides for others
Wont give up when losing Maybe rude & tactless Knows & can do everything
Comes on too strong Demanding of others Too independent
Inflexible End justifies the means Can’t say ‘Sorry’
Dislikes tears & emotions Work maybe his God Maybe right but unpopular
Demands loyalty in the
ranks
Popular
Sanguine
Strengths
Emotions Work Friends
Appealing personality Likes to volunteer for jobs Makes friends easily
Talkative, storyteller Thinks up new activities Loves people
Good sense of humor Creative & colorful Thrives on compliments
Physically holds on to listener Starts in a flashy way Envied by others
Emotional & demonstrative Charms others to work Doesn’t hold grudge
Cheerful, spontaneous Inspires others to join Apologises quickly
Life of the party
Weaknesses
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Perfect Melancholy
Strengths
Emotions Work Friends
Deep & thoughtful Schedule oriented Makes friends cautiously
Serious, purposeful Perfectionist, high standards Happy to be in background
Genius, creative talented Detail conscious, thorough Faithful & devoted
Artistic & musical Orderly & organised Will listens to complaints
Philosophical & poetic Finds creative solutions Can solve other’s problems
Appreciative of beauty Finish what he started Deep concern for others
Sensitive of others Visualers- see charts, figures Seeks ideal mate
Self sacrificing
Weaknesses
Emotions Work Friends
Remembers the negatives Depressed over imperfections Withdrawn & remote
Moody & depressed, guilt Chooses difficult work Critical of others
Low self image Hesitant to start projects Holds back affection
Has selective hearing Over plan or too detail Dislikes those in opposition
Too introspective / thoughtful Prefers analysis to work Suspicious, vengeful
Persecution complex Hard to please Antagonistic / Aggressive &
Tends to be hypochondria Deep need for approval unforgiving
Standards often too high Skeptical of compliments
Peaceful Phlegmatic
Strengths
Emotions Work Friends
Low-key personality Competent & steady Easy to get along with
Easygoing & relaxed Peaceful & agreeable Pleasant & enjoyable
Calm cool & collected Has administrative ability Inoffensive
Patient, well balanced Mediates problems Good listener
Quiet & witty Avoids conflicts Dry sense of humor
Keeps emotions hidden Good under pressure Enjoys watching people
Finds the easy way Has many friends
Has compassion &
concern
Weaknesses
How to manage a…
Popular Sanguine Powerful Choleric
–Get them to share their ideas – Support their goals and objectives
& opinions
–Ask questions that allow them
–Develop mutually stimulating to discover things rather than be
ideas together told
– Don‘t argue. Instead explore –Present facts and figures when
alternative solutions. disagreeing. Do not allow personal
–When you reach an agreement, feelings to take over
iron out the specific detail concerning – Give recognition to their ideas
what, when, who and how.
–To influence the decisions of the
– Summarise in writing Choleric, provide alternative actions
– Follow up on the written agreement with probabilities of its success
(backed by facts)
– Be precise, efficient,
time-disciplined and well-organized.
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How to manage a…
Perfect Melancholy Peaceful Phlegmatic
– Be interested in them as a person
–Be as organised, detail minded
– Learn to differentiate what he/she
and thoughtful as a Melancholy wants vs what he/she thinks you want
–Be thorough by listing pros to hear
– Discuss personal feelings &
and cons of any plan you opinions when disagreeing. Avoid
propose facts & logic
–Present viable alternatives – When follow through after a
dispute, explore potential areas for
when dealing with disadvantages future misunderstanding or
–Give Melancholy time to dissatisfaction
– Pace yourself with a
process your words and actions
Phlegmatic.
– Follow up with him/her in writing. – Be open to their ideas &
–Give assurances and guarantees listen
actively
that any action taken by a Melancholy
–Phlegmatic hates risk and
will not backfire needs lots of assurances from you
Kita semua mempunyai
kekuatan yang berbeza
– Kekuatan watak adalah berbeza
daripada kekuatan peribadi anda
yang lain, seperti kemahiran unik,
bakat, minat dan sumber anda
– Kerana mereka mencerminkan
"sebenar" anda siapa anda teras
anda
KEKUATAN UTAMA
– Merujuk kepada kekuatan
watak yang PALING UTAMA
bagi diri kita.
– Ia adalah KEKUATAN yang
BIASANYA (tetapi tidak
selalu) muncul di
bahagian atas profil hasil
seseorang selepas
mengambil SURVEI MELALUI
VIA.
Kita semua mempunyai
kekuatan yang berbeza
– Setiap individu memiliki semua 24
kekuatan watak dalam darjah
yang berbeza, memberikan
setiap orang profil kekuatan watak
yang unik.
– Kenalpasti profil kekuatan watak
peribadi anda dengan
mengambil Tinjauan VIA yang
disahkan secara saintifik.
Mengapa saya perlu mengetahui
kekuatan watak saya?
This exercise is designed to help you reach a better understanding of your most significant values.
Step 1: What I Value Most … From this list of values (both work and personal), select the ten that are most important to you-as guides for how to behave, or as components of a valued way of
life. Feel free to add any values of your own to this list.
Step 2: Elimination…..Now that you have identified ten, imagine that you are only permitted to have 5 values. Which five would you give up? Cross them off.
Now imagine that you are only permitted four. Which would you give up? Cross it off. Now cross off another, to bring your list down to three.
And another, to bring your list down to two. Finally cross off one of your two values. Which is the one item on the list that you care most about?
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10 Ways to Instantly Build Self
Confidence
Dress Sharp
Walk Faster
Good Posture
Personal
Commercial
Gratitude 73
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Speak Out
Workout
Focus on
Contributi
Positive Mental Attitude
To find out how positive you are, answer the following questions as honest as you can using this scoring system:-
Answers Points
5 4 3 2 1
1) When something unexpected forces you to change your plans, are you quick to spot a hidden advantage in this new situation?
3) When you think about next year, do you tend to think that you will be better off than you are now?
6) Do you praise your spouse / best friend / lover more often than you criticise him or her?
7) Do you believe that the human race will survive well into the twenty first century?
8) Are you surprised when a friend lets you down?
9) Do you think you are happy?
10) Do you feel comfortable making yourself the target of your own jokes?
11) Do you believe that, overall, your state of mind has had a positive effect on your physical health?
12) If you make a list of your 10 favourite people, would your name be there too?
13) When you think back over the past few months, do you tend to remember your success before your setbacks and failures?
– 51 – 55
– Excellent. You are a genuine positive thinker.
– 45 – 50
– Good. You are a positive thinker, sometimes.
– 40 – 44
–Fair. Your positive side and your negative side
are about evenly matched.
– Below 40
–You tend to be pessimistic. Think of ways to
improve your pessimistic. Approach to life.
What We Think, We Are
What we think, determines what we believe. What we believe,
determines how we feel. The way we feel, influences how we are
going to act.
1 2 3
POSITIVE THINKING
4 NEW BELIEFS START TO FEEL GOOD
“I can” • THOUGHTS
“I believe in myself” “I feel more confident”
•BELIEFS •FEELINGS
•ACTIONS
ACT CONFIDENTLY
“Here I am !”
TIPS Bagaimana Menguasai
‗Positif Thinking‘
– Hanya gunakan perkataan positif Ketika berfikir dan bercakap. Guna
perkataan seperti ―saya boleh‘, ‗saya mampu‘, ‗boleh dilakukan‘,
‘saya cuba dan akan boleh buat‘, ‗pasti boleh‘ dsb.
– Hanya benarkan perasaan gembira, kuat dan kejayaan dalam hidup
dan fikiran anda.
– Buang atau tidak ambil peduli semua tanggapan negative. Jangan
overthinking dan setiap kali fikiran negative melanda, gantikan
ia dengan tangapan positif dan gembira.
TIPS Bagaimana Menguasai
‗Positif Thinking‘
– Dalam percakapan seharian, gunakan perkataan yang membina
dan memberikan tanggapan yang anda kuat, gembira dan akan
berjaya.
– Sebelum memulakan perancangan, visualkan dalam kotak
pemikiran anda tentang kejayaan yang akan dicapai.
– Baca buku motivasi sekurang-kurangnya satu mukasurat sehari.
– Tonton TV/cerita gembira sahaja.
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Then you write a statement of where what you would like the situation to look like.
The desired state should include concrete details and should not contain
any
information about possible causes or solutions.
Refined descriptions for each state/concerns /needs identified in the present state
are addressed in the desired state.
Stating & Restating the Problem
• Write a statement of the problem, no matter how vague
• Try different triggers :Different words and ask questions about each one
• Replace one word with a substitute that explicitly defines the word to
• Reframe the problem
• Rephrase the statement with positives instead of negatives
• Identify any persuasive or opinionated words in the statement. Replace or eliminate them
• Try drawing a picture of the problem or writing the problem as an equation
1. Setting the Problem Statement
Write Problem Statement
• Describe the problem as a general view; to lay a solid foundation for further work
• Wrong problem statement – Search in the wrong areas for problem‘ s cause
• The problem statement provides the context within which – all work takes
place
2. Analyze the
Problem In Detail
Overview: Analyze the Problem in
Detail
• Avoid the trap focusing on what is wrong, ignoring what is right, Use :
• Cost / Benefit
Analysis
6. THE 6 THINKING HATS
Benefits of Using 6 Thinking Hats
• Role-playing (Put the hat on, take the hat off, switch hats and signal
when your are thinking
• Improve Communication between team members
• Encourage out of the box thinking, parallel and lateral thinking
• Speed Up decision making
• Avoid debate
• Detaching Ego
• Sequence Use
• Single Hat Use
Benefits of Using 6 Thinking Hats