Marxism overview

Sep 27, 2009Download as PPT, PDF11 likes21,240 views

This document provides an overview of Marxism and class theory. It discusses how Marx viewed ideology as serving the interests of dominant social classes. The ruling classes promote ideologies that distort reality and perpetuate unfair systems. Marx defined class based on relationships in production - those who own capital versus those who must work for wages. Over time, the classes and dominant ideologies may change as economic and social conditions evolve. The document uses New Zealand as a case study, noting how classifications of social class have shifted with economic reforms over the decades.

What is Marxism Karl Marx (1818-1883) – German philosopher Dominant classes create dominant ideology This is then seen by lower classes as natural Lower classes cant better themselves State & media spread this ideology Economics part of this

Marxism & Ideology Ideology as a set of ideas and beliefs – Marxism – Communism – Tory Party – Environmentalists – Education system etc… Marx added to this the idea that ideologies are used to lie and distort, to keep going unfair systems But we don’t realise its happening to us. Dominant ideology

Class & Marxism In capitalism, a few own a lot (factories – land – media) Ruling class, Bourgeois, Proletariat Means of Production = objects of labour & subjects of labour Those few making everything & the rest working but not progressing or benefiting Who are the ruling classes today? Do you think the class system is fair?

Class & Marxism Marx defined class as something which existed in hostility because of the relationship between factory owner and factory worker Who owns what? Who works for who? Are they the same people?

The dominant ideologies there to keep the fat cats in place If you own means of production, you can make meaning too Working classes have no channel or output – can’t oppose! How might owning the means of production allow you to produce dominant ways of thinking?

Class Consciousness Self awareness (or lack of) of your class Once aware, to act in your own interest Tendency to act in unity Class consciousness as ideological factor (you believe you are subordinate so act it) Class consciousness as earned Can awareness come through definition? If defined, and aware, do you have to act and think like all others in your class?

A Classless Society? Small range of wealth Lack of deference to authority figures High levels of class mobility High standard of working class living compared to Europe Progressive labour laws Developed welfare state

Race & Class in NZ Maori and Polynesians earning less, worse jobs, more unemployed, less educated Conditions similar to lower classes in Europe Two classes – white and non white? Class consciousness should kick in for non white.

Today… 1980’s economic reforms Top 10% earned more – rest stayed same Uneven distribution of wealth creates nouveau riche Lack of employment in rural areas + welfare reform = new poverty class 3 classes - new rich, middle class, poor – race still big part However – no emphasis on historical factors, respect for work, not origin

Activity Define your own class Think about the impact of class in your life. Is class consciousness in play? Attempt to represent this in poster form using diagrams, cut outs, drawing etc… Present to class

social grade social status and occupation A upper middle class higher managerial, administrative or professional B middle class intermediate managerial, administrative or professional C1 lower middle class supervisory or clerical, junior managerial, administrative or professional C2 skilled working class skilled manual workers D working class semi and unskilled manual workers E lowest level of subsistence state pensioners or widows (no other earner), casual or lowest grade workers

This document discusses the concept of power through defining it, examining its various sources and types. It defines power as the ability to influence or control the behavior of others. Power can come from formal positions of authority, the ability to reward or punish others, expertise or knowledge, personality traits, or charisma. The document outlines several types of power including political power derived from government institutions, economic power from wealth and resources, ideological power through shaping beliefs, and military power through armed forces.

Marxism Theory - A Presentation.pptxAdamPrasetyo8

Karl Marx developed Marxism theory in the 19th century to analyze class struggles between laborers and employers. Marx observed that societies are divided into two main classes: the bourgeoisie who own the means of production, and the proletariat who must sell their labor. According to Marxism, this separation will inevitably lead to conflict as the proletariat become exploited by the bourgeoisie. The document then discusses key aspects of Marxism theory, such as the economic base and superstructure, and how the ruling class uses ideology and force to control the other classes. It concludes by examining how Marxism has been applied to analyze the depiction of class struggles in literary works.

Karl Marx's Alienation TheoryHermenio Jr. Cabusog

Socialism PPTNorristown Area Hs

The document provides an overview of socialism as both an economic system and political ideology. It discusses key aspects of socialism such as public rather than private ownership of the means of production and the goal of fair distribution of wealth. Strengths noted include guaranteed minimum standards of living and greater equality, while weaknesses include reduced individual freedom and incentive under heavier government control and taxation. Different forms of socialism, including democratic socialism and socialism in historical contexts, are also outlined.

Theories of Max Weber/Ammar farooq

Max Weber was a German sociologist who developed influential theories of social action and stratification. According to Weber's theory of social action, social behavior is guided by subjective meanings and orientations. He identified four types of social action - rational, value-rational, affective, and traditional. Weber also developed a three-component theory of stratification that classified people based on class, status, and power. Weber argued that Protestantism and the Protestant work ethic influenced the emergence of capitalism's rational spirit. He analyzed how religious beliefs shaped entrepreneurship and economic behavior.

Conflict TheoryJeanlyn Arcan

Conflict theory views society as characterized by inequality and power struggles among groups that compete for scarce resources. It was developed as an alternative to functionalism by Marx, Weber, Simmel and later theorists. Marx saw society as divided into two main classes, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, who struggle over economic resources. Weber and Simmel expanded on this to argue that power can also be gained through social prestige and political influence. Modern conflict theorists like Coser, Dahrendorf, and Mills applied these ideas to analyze power structures and social change in the post-World War II era.

Marxismbrianbelen

Karl Marx was a German philosopher who developed a materialist conception of history. He believed that history is driven by class struggle between social classes and that society progresses through different modes of production. Marx saw capitalism as exploiting the working class, or proletariat, by paying them less than the value they produce. He predicted that internal contradictions within capitalism would lead to its self-destruction, bringing about a communist revolution and a classless society.

Marxism made easyddoggart

Marxism is a political and economic theory derived from Karl Marx's work analyzing capitalism. It views society as split between the bourgeoisie who own capital and the proletariat who must sell their labor. Marx argued that in capitalist societies, the economic base of wealth pursuit supports a superstructure of institutions like media that legitimize inequality by creating false consciousness among the proletariat. Later theorists like Gramsci developed the idea of hegemony, where the ruling class uses institutions like media to promote their ideologies as common sense. Marxists view media as serving capitalist interests by pacifying the masses and naturalizing the status quo.

Social theoryEl Sameeha

The document provides definitions and background information on several topics: - Literary criticism is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature, including analysis of specific works and authors. - Social theories are frameworks used to study and interpret social phenomena within a particular school of thought. Social theory examines how society develops and changes. - The sociologist Daniel Bell is discussed, including his background, education, and career focused on sociological theorizing and journalism. - Brief summaries are given of the short stories "The Kiss" by Kate Chopin and "Sadie and Maud" focusing on the characters and social norms.

Gramsci and hegemonyNWsociology

Gramsci introduces the concept of hegemony to explain how the ruling class maintains dominance over society through ideas and values, not just coercion. He argues the proletariat must develop its own counter-hegemony through organic intellectuals and a political party to overcome the ruling class's hegemony and lead society. Gramsci believed change comes through new ideas that affect individuals, not just economic forces, and the ruling class relies on consent through influential institutions to maintain control, even during economic crises, until society no longer accepts their hegemony.

Chapter 1 The Sociological Perspectiveplisasm

Sociology is the study of human behavior and society. It examines how societies are formed, how they operate, and how social forces influence behavior. Sociologists study social phenomena like culture, groups, social structures, institutions and organizations to understand how societies function. The field uses scientific methods like data collection and analysis to objectively investigate the social world.

Social inequalityZbeydeElmac

Social inequality refers to unequal status or access to goods and services among people in a society. It can include unequal access to voting rights, freedom of speech, property rights, education, healthcare, housing, transportation, and other social benefits. Social inequality is also seen in unequal family and neighborhood conditions, occupations, job satisfaction, and access to credit, and is linked to racial, gender, and wealth inequality.

John stuart millMarina Eugenie

John Stuart Mill was a British philosopher who developed the theory of utilitarianism. He was educated entirely by his father James Mill through a rigorous system focused solely on the intellect. As a result, Mill's emotional development was neglected. In his 20s, Mill experienced a mental health crisis but eventually recovered. He went on to write extensively on political theory, ethics and logic, advocating for women's suffrage and other reforms. Mill argued that morality should be based on producing the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. Actions are right if they promote happiness and wrong if they produce unhappiness.

UtilitarianismMamWamar_SHS Teacher/College Instructor at ESTI

Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that evaluates actions based on their consequences. The theory argues that an action is right if it results in the greatest amount of happiness or pleasure for the greatest number of people. Jeremy Bentham first proposed utilitarianism, arguing that morality is determined by calculating pleasure and pain. John Stuart Mill later refined the theory, distinguishing between higher and lower pleasures and arguing for rule utilitarianism over act utilitarianism. The document discusses the key thinkers and concepts in utilitarianism including hedonic calculus, act vs rule utilitarianism, and Mill's criticisms of Bentham's views.

Marxism (Part 1)Christopher Rice

The document provides an overview of key aspects of Marxism. It discusses Marx's intellectual development influenced by Hegel and how he came to appreciate the importance of economics. It outlines Marx's views on alienation under capitalism and his belief that the internal contradictions of capitalism will lead to its demise as the proletariat overthrows the bourgeoisie. It also summarizes Marx's concepts of the dialectic, class struggle, and his vision of communism replacing the capitalist system.

Functionalist perspectiveelectricmind

SocialismJustina Nguyen

Social stratificationMoin Sarker

Social stratification involves the classification of people into hierarchical groups based on socioeconomic factors like wealth, income, occupation, education, and social status. It persists over generations and involves inequities in power, prestige, and property ownership between groups. While social stratification systems vary across cultures, they typically involve ranking social categories that influence life experiences and opportunities.

Marxism (louis althusser)Carla Faner

Louis Althusser analyzed ideology and its role in maintaining social order. He argued that ideology is produced and reinforced through ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) like the family, education system, religion, and mass media. These ISAs train individuals to accept and perpetuate the dominant ideology, making it seem natural and neutral. This reduces the need for repressive state apparatuses like the government and military to directly enforce power through force. By influencing people's worldviews, ideology justifies and preserves existing power structures in society.

Sociological PerspectiveSyao Chan

Conflict perspectivemarchiemarchie

The conflict perspective views society as made up of groups competing for limited resources that are unevenly distributed, which causes tensions and conflicts that become agents of social change. It was originated by Karl Marx and later expanded on by C. Wright Mills, who argued that societies inherently have conflicts due to unequal distributions of power and wealth where dominant groups control social structures. Mills agreed with Marxist views of the importance of conflict in society.

Elite theoryMissHSociology

Marxism presentationSan Juan

1. Marxism is both a literary theory and social/economic philosophy that views society and history through the lens of class struggle. 2. Key aspects of Marxism include the belief that a society's economic base determines its ideological superstructure, including cultural works, and that the bourgeoisie exploits the proletariat. 3. Marxist literary criticism examines how a text reflects the author's ideology and society's class relations through elements like characterizations and treatment of social forces. The critic's goal is to uncover how the text exposes oppression of the working classes.

Marx's theoryMaryana Abawi

Karl Marx was a German philosopher who developed the theories of communism, socialism and Marxism. He believed that history is determined by class struggle and conflicts between social classes, and that under capitalism the bourgeoisie exploit the proletariat. Marx wrote influential works such as The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital which formed the basis of Marxism and analyzed the capitalist mode of production. Marx saw communism as the final stage in history where private property is abolished and society is organized for the common good of all people.

Power and AuthorityNaimAlmashoori

This document discusses different types of authority and forms of government. It defines three types of authority - traditional authority, which is legitimacy based on longstanding cultural traditions; rational-legal authority, which comes from following established legal rules and bureaucratic procedures; and charismatic authority, which depends on an individual's extraordinary personality and abilities to inspire devotion. It then contrasts different political systems like monarchy, which is ruled by a hereditary monarch, versus democracy, which is ruled by the people through elections and stresses individual rights and freedoms. Finally, it examines other forms of government like authoritarianism, totalitarianism, and dictatorships.

MarxismSmriti Singh

FeminismSimon Gummer

Feminism is defined as advocating for social, political, and economic rights for women equal to those of men. There have been several waves of feminism throughout history fighting for these rights. The first wave in the late 19th century focused on issues like property rights and suffrage. The second wave from the 1960s-1980s examined the social construction of gender roles and how they oppress women. Third wave feminism from the early 1990s responded to some perceived failures of the second wave to consider differences among women. There are various branches of feminist thought that have developed over time with different approaches to analyzing and addressing the oppression of women.

Functionalismathenamilis

American schools are struggling with expanding expectations, contradictions in cultural values, and persistent inequalities. Functionalism views schools as contributing to social stability by transmitting social norms and values, and preparing students for their future roles in society's division of labor. However, conflict theory argues that schools reinforce existing social inequalities and serve the interests of elite groups rather than achieving a true consensus. Schools may claim to provide equal opportunities, but factors like class, race and gender still influence student outcomes.

What Is Marxism?Daniel Benoit

Marxism is an intellectual tradition based on the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that analyzes history, capitalism, and envisions a post-capitalist future. Marxism sees society as defined by class struggles over control of production. Marx argued capitalism would inevitably be replaced by socialism - where workers collectively control production - and eventually communism, with a stateless, classless, and moneyless society.

Powerpointchrilee

Karl Marx was a 19th century philosopher, economist, and socialist revolutionary. He developed the theory of historical materialism which argues that economic and material forces drive historical change and development. Marx believed that capitalism would inevitably create contradictions and class conflict between the bourgeoisie and proletariat, leading to revolution and establishment of a communist, classless society. Neo-Marxism emerged in the 20th century and expanded on Marx's theories to include analysis of culture, ideology, and other social factors rather than just economics. Marxist ideas and concepts like alienation, exploitation, and historical materialism continue to influence the study of society, economics, history and conflict.

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Social theoryEl Sameeha

Gramsci and hegemonyNWsociology

Chapter 1 The Sociological Perspectiveplisasm

Social inequalityZbeydeElmac

John stuart millMarina Eugenie

UtilitarianismMamWamar_SHS Teacher/College Instructor at ESTI

Marxism (Part 1)Christopher Rice

Functionalist perspectiveelectricmind

SocialismJustina Nguyen

Social stratificationMoin Sarker

Marxism (louis althusser)Carla Faner

Sociological PerspectiveSyao Chan

Conflict perspectivemarchiemarchie

Elite theoryMissHSociology

Marxism presentationSan Juan

Marx's theoryMaryana Abawi

Power and AuthorityNaimAlmashoori

MarxismSmriti Singh

FeminismSimon Gummer

Functionalismathenamilis

Social theoryEl Sameeha

Gramsci and hegemonyNWsociology

Chapter 1 The Sociological Perspectiveplisasm

Social inequalityZbeydeElmac

John stuart millMarina Eugenie

UtilitarianismMamWamar_SHS Teacher/College Instructor at ESTI

Marxism (Part 1)Christopher Rice

Functionalist perspectiveelectricmind

SocialismJustina Nguyen

Social stratificationMoin Sarker

Marxism (louis althusser)Carla Faner

Sociological PerspectiveSyao Chan

Conflict perspectivemarchiemarchie

Elite theoryMissHSociology

Marxism presentationSan Juan

Marx's theoryMaryana Abawi

Power and AuthorityNaimAlmashoori

MarxismSmriti Singh

FeminismSimon Gummer

Functionalismathenamilis

Viewers also liked (20)

What Is Marxism?Daniel Benoit

Powerpointchrilee

Marxismaquinaspolitics

Marxism is a 19th century theory of scientific socialism that predicted the overthrow of the capitalist class by the working proletariat due to inevitable economic contradictions within capitalism. It asserts that private ownership of production leads to the exploitation of workers as the bourgeoisie extracts surplus value from the proletariat. Marxism views progress as occurring through materialist dialectic, whereby class conflict and struggle advance society toward communism.

Karl marx pptBryan Trinh

Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist, and revolutionary socialist who is considered the father of communism. He developed a detailed explanation of human history and events. Some of his most notable works included the Communist Manifesto published in 1848. Marx believed that the middle and working classes were unfairly treated by the bourgeoisie, facing horrible working conditions and low pay while the bourgeoisie profited. He proposed moving from a socialist system where people controlled businesses to a communist system with government control to achieve equality among all people.

Presentation, karl marx usmanaslam114

This document provides an overview of Karl Marx and Marxist theory. It introduces Karl Marx, his key concepts and ideologies such as capitalism, class struggle, exploitation, and alienation. It describes the two main classes in capitalist society according to Marx: the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. It also outlines the different types of Marxism, criticisms of Marxist ideas, and Marx's contributions to modern social and economic theory, such as the conflict model of society and origins of power and alienation.

Karl MarxJohn Bradford

Marxism consists of three components: a political doctrine, a philosophy of history, and an analysis of the economy. Marx believed that the economic base of society, or how wealth is produced, determines the social and political superstructure. As productive technologies change, new class relations emerge between workers and owners. Capitalism relies on wage labor and private control of production, creating an inherent conflict of interests between workers and owners. This leads to capitalism's inevitable collapse due to falling profits, overproduction, and unemployment as workers cannot afford the goods they produce.

Marxist criticism presentationFERDINAND BULUSAN

The poem "Manggagawa" by Jose Corazon de Jesus depicts the disparity between the wealthy bourgeoisie and the lower class proletariat in a capitalist society through vivid descriptions of the hard labor of workers and the luxuries enjoyed by the rich. It highlights the oppression and control the bourgeoisie have over wealth production as well as the government, reflecting Marx's theories. In the end, the poem calls loudly for equality and due recognition of the working class's contributions to society and the nation's progress.

MarxismN Jones

Karl Marx developed an influential theory called Marxism. Marx argued that society operates under capitalism, an economic system that exploits workers for the benefit of the wealthy ruling class. Capitalism causes conflict between the rich and the poor by keeping the ruling class rich through their ownership of factories and wealth. Marx believed this system falsely convinces even the exploited workers that capitalism is normal and benefits all of society.

Marxism: A* Essay Exemplarmattyp99

1) Marxism views crime as a product of the unequal capitalist system, where the ruling class (bourgeoisie) exploits the working class (proletariat) through control of wealth and private property. 2) Neo-Marxists believe crime results from political anger towards this inequality and implement elements of free will. They analyze wider social origins and immediate contexts of deviant acts and social reactions. 3) The media and state use moral panics and scapegoating of minority groups to divert attention from economic problems and maintain social control, as seen in reactions to 1970s mugging and 2011 UK riots. Marxist theories emphasize how crime reflects and reinforces class divisions and inequalities within capitalist societies.

Marxism by Rameez AhmedRameez Ahmed

Marxism is an economic and sociopolitical worldview created by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the 19th century. It views society and history through the lens of class struggle and proposes that capitalist societies will inevitably give way to socialist societies, and in turn to communist ones. Neo-Marxism extends Marxism by incorporating elements from other traditions like critical theory and psychoanalysis. While Marxism focuses on economic determinism, Neo-Marxism considers broader social and intellectual influences. Criticisms of Marxism argue that it takes too materialistic an approach, cannot be falsified, ignores gender roles, and overstates the importance of economics.

Marxist CriticismComoedu

Marxist criticism is a method of literary analysis based on the ideas of Karl Marx and focuses on the struggles between social classes in literature. Marxist critics believe that works inherently reflect the conflicts between the bourgeoisie (the rich owners) and the proletariat (the poor workers) in society. To conduct a Marxist critical analysis, one asks how the conflicts in the work relate to struggles between social classes, how the work suggests life for the bourgeoisie is empty, and what the values are of each social class portrayed in the characters.

Karl Marx and his Theories!Khyati Nishar

This document provides background information on Karl Marx and summaries of some of his major theories. It notes that Marx was a German philosopher, economist, and revolutionary socialist who lived from 1818 to 1883 and was one of the founders of sociology and social science. Some of Marx's key theories discussed include historical materialism, alienation of workers under capitalism, the labor theory of value, surplus value, and class struggle between the bourgeoisie and proletariat. The document also discusses Marx's influence and criticism of some of his ideas.

Feminism Vs MarxismMehdi Hassanian esfahani

This document provides a comparative analysis of Feminism and Marxism, specifically regarding their approaches to literary criticism. Both theories aim to critique and change society, though Feminism focuses on women's rights and patriarchal oppression, while Marxism examines class struggles under capitalism. When analyzing literature, both look at how works reflect and influence societal ideologies and the experiences of marginalized groups. They also seek to establish new canons that include neglected texts. While having different focuses, Feminism and Marxism both argue that certain groups are oppressed by those in power and aim to redistribute power more equally through social change. Examples from works of literature are used to illustrate their principles.

Intro to basics marxismmfi2302

The document introduces Marxism and its key concepts. It aims to explain Marx's social theory and the Marxist perspective of capitalist society. Some of the key concepts discussed include the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, surplus value, means of production, ideology, and ideological state apparatuses. It asserts that society is based on conflict and exploitation between the rich and poor due to unequal power relations under capitalism. The document provides definitions for the key Marxist terms and concepts.

Socialismjrwv

Socialism emerged in reaction to the harsh conditions of early industrial capitalism and offered an alternative based on common ownership and cooperation. Early socialists advocated revolution, but as conditions improved, evolutionary socialism developed which sought change through parliamentary means. However, gradualism failed as socialist parties moderated their policies to gain support and power, and capitalism proved more durable than predicted. The core themes of socialism emphasize community, cooperation, equality, and common ownership over private property and individualism.

Functionalist Social TheoryTwynham School, Dorset, UK

Functionalism views society as a system of interconnected institutions like the family, education, and police that work together for society to function. Durkheim argued the division of labor regulates modern societies by creating shared values and order. Parsons identified four areas - adaptation, goal attainment, integration, and pattern maintenance - that social institutions like the economy and government facilitate for society to survive. Merton modified functionalism by arguing established institutions don't have solely positive functions and alternatives like communes could effectively socialize children.

Marxism and hegemonyAndy Wallis

Marxism is a socio-political ideology based on the ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that analyzes history through the lens of class struggle. Marxism views capitalism as inherently exploitative and advocates for a socialist system and eventually communism. Gramsci expanded on Marxism through his concept of cultural hegemony, which argues that dominant ideologies are promoted through institutions like the media to maintain the status quo and false consciousness among subordinate classes. Applying Marxist theory to modern media, critics argue media institutions are owned by the ruling class and used to indoctrinate the masses into supporting capitalism.

Feminism Malik Faisal

Feminism is a collection of movements and ideologies aimed at defining and establishing equal political, economic, and social rights for women. It has occurred in three waves, focusing on women's suffrage, gender equality, and continued issues of oppression, respectively. Feminism explores the interconnected nature of concepts like patriarchy, sexism, and women's status globally that contribute to women's inequality. It aims to challenge these systems through perspectives like liberal, radical, socialist, and postcolonial feminism.

Interactionism/Microsociology Overview LectureGreg Downey

Marxism elvis shoko

Marxism is a socialist movement founded by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels that aims to emancipate the working class from domination by the bourgeoisie. Marx believed that class is defined by one's relationship to the means of production, and identified the proletariat and bourgeoisie as the main social classes under capitalism. Marxism views material reality and economic conditions as the primary determinants of social and political structures. While Marx did not write directly about education, his ideas implied that education should aim to transform society, involve all people in revolution, and prepare individuals to challenge the ruling class. Critics argue that Marxism neglects human nature and conditions, and lacks academic freedom for students.

What Is Marxism?Daniel Benoit

Powerpointchrilee

Marxismaquinaspolitics

Karl marx pptBryan Trinh

Presentation, karl marx usmanaslam114

Karl MarxJohn Bradford

Marxist criticism presentationFERDINAND BULUSAN

MarxismN Jones

Marxism: A* Essay Exemplarmattyp99

Marxism by Rameez AhmedRameez Ahmed

Marxist CriticismComoedu

Karl Marx and his Theories!Khyati Nishar

Feminism Vs MarxismMehdi Hassanian esfahani

Intro to basics marxismmfi2302

Socialismjrwv

Functionalist Social TheoryTwynham School, Dorset, UK

Marxism and hegemonyAndy Wallis

Feminism Malik Faisal

Interactionism/Microsociology Overview LectureGreg Downey

Marxism elvis shoko

Similar to Marxism overview (20)

Chapter 8-Social StratificationKent Hansen

This document provides an overview of social stratification and social class. It discusses key concepts like social mobility, different social classes in the US and worldwide, dimensions of social stratification including economic, power and prestige, explanations of stratification from different sociological perspectives, poverty in America, and responses to poverty. Overall, the document presents foundational information on social stratification and class through definitions of key terms and concepts.

Chapter 8MEEvans

The document discusses social class structure in the United States. It describes the distribution of wealth and income, as well as functionalist and conflict theories of social stratification. It also examines poverty rates among different groups and consequences of social class. Functionalists believe social classes contribute to society, while conflict theorists see inequality emerging through group domination and exploitation.

Soc Ch9Mr. Philen

This document provides an overview of social stratification and class systems. It discusses the differences between caste and class systems, and describes the American class system. The major classes in the US include the upper class, upper middle class, lower middle class, working class, working poor, and underclass. The document also examines poverty in America and government responses to poverty, such as social welfare programs from the 1960s War on Poverty.

demo.pptNorMayJeanHinayas1

The document discusses social stratification and inequality from both functionalist and conflict perspectives. It examines key concepts like class, status, power, conflict, functionalism, gender, race, and ethnicity. Students will watch a video on social and political stratification and divide into groups to choose a song reflecting their insights from the video. The document outlines theories of stratification from thinkers like Marx, Wright, Davis and Moore discussing how stratification is based on relationships to production, contradictory class locations, and how occupation determines prestige and rewards. Countries are also stratified into core, periphery and semi-periphery based on development levels. Students will write a reflection journal on how people are influenced by social and political stratification realities.

SOCIAL STARTIFICATIONZain Ch

This document discusses systems of social stratification and examines the American class system and poverty. It outlines different stratification systems such as caste and class and describes the major social classes in the United States. The document also analyzes the causes and effects of poverty, government responses to poverty, and social mobility within stratified systems. Students are assigned a project to further analyze dimensions of social stratification covered in the chapter.

SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resourcesociologyexchange.co.uk

1. Social structure refers to the patterns of relationships and organizations that keep society stable by giving different parts roles to perform that fit together. 2. Societies typically have systems of social stratification that divide people into layers based on factors like social class, gender, ethnicity, etc. This highlights differences between groups but also fosters unity within groups. 3. Social class can be measured by occupation, and scales in the UK place people in categories like higher managerial positions or routine jobs that impact their life chances in terms of things like education, employment, and health.

Social Stratificatonshoetzlein

This document discusses social stratification and mobility. It defines stratification as the division of society into unequal classes based on wealth, power and prestige. It examines perspectives on stratification from Marx, Weber and sociological theories. It also outlines the major social classes in the US and discusses poverty trends, focusing on disadvantaged groups. Finally, it defines types of social mobility and compares open versus closed systems of mobility.

Social Class in Modern Timesjdubrow2000

41Topic 9 Stratification—Functionalist and Conflict Theorie.docxgilbertkpeters11344

4 1 Topic 9: Stratification—Functionalist and Conflict Theories The word stratification is used a lot in the world of social scientists. It is a concept that rivals socialization in terms of importance; in fact, some consider it a major factor in how we learn to relate to the world. So what does it mean? It is an intimidating word, but if you break it down to it’s root you find the word ‘strata’, and strata means one in a series of layers. If you look at where this root appears in other words related to the physical world, substratum meaning the underlying layers of the earth; stratosphere meaning the layers of the atmosphere, you can see the concept of layering quite clearly. But what could this word mean in the social world? Think about it. How do we layer people within the social world? The sociological explanation of stratification refers to a system or institutional patterns which society uses to rank groups of people. A person is typically placed within the different layers or groups in accordance to their access to valued and scarce resources. Now that we have the sociological definition, lets move back to the question I asked a before—How do we layer or group or rank people in the social world? See how many ways you can list. The top four ways people are ranked in society are as follows; economic, religious, race/ethnicity and gender. Which do you think is the most important way we categorize people? Which controls most areas of your life? Typically in American society we see economic class as the most significant, but this is open for discussion. The importance of these rankings varies depending on the type of society you are born into. We for the most part have been born or live in a capitalistic class based society—So it makes sense that economic class would be the most important determinate of strata placement. Look again to the four main means of dividing or ranking people (religion, race/ethnicity, economic, gender). How many of these things can we change in our society? For the most part only two; religion and economic class. (I know with enough money the medical world can alter genders and skin tone, but no matter what procedures you have done legally your gender and race/ethnicity will remain the same.) The categories that we have no control over and things we cannot change are part of what sociologists call an ascribed status. An ascribed status is one’s position in society is determined by something an individual has no control over and cannot change; like race and gender. Whereas the categories that we have control over and can in some way change are part of what sociologists call an achieved status. An achieved status means that there are elements within a persons control that an individual can alter to alter their social ranking within the stratification system. These two types of status’s are related directly to the two types of societies(open and closed societies), and the type of soci.

Lesson 1 - Functionalism and marxism aqsa_naeem

The document provides an overview of functionalism and Marxism as sociological perspectives for understanding health and social care. It describes functionalism's view of society operating like a human body, with different institutions functioning together harmoniously. Marxism is presented as a conflict model, viewing society as characterized by inequality and exploitation of the working class by the capitalist ruling class due to private ownership of production. The document outlines key concepts for each perspective such as consensus and social control for functionalism, and ideology, class consciousness, and relations of production for Marxism.

Types of social classes in Bangladesh & characteristics and how its importa...Abdul Motaleb

This document discusses social class structure and characteristics. It identifies four main social classes: upper class, middle class, working class, and lower class. The upper class comprises 1-3% of the population but holds over 25% of the nation's wealth. The middle class is divided into lower-middle and upper-middle classes. The working class includes blue-collar and service workers, and the lower class experiences poverty. Social class is determined by factors like wealth, education, occupation, and life experiences. People can move between classes through career or financial changes.

Conflict TheoryDustin Kidd

According to conflict theory, society is made up of groups that compete for limited resources. The document discusses key aspects of conflict theory including Marx's view of the worker-owner relationship under capitalism and the idea of class consciousness and struggle. It also summarizes Marx's view of historical stages involving modes of production and class structures from primitive communism to full communism.

Ch 8 Social StratificationMBurke1621

The document discusses the concepts of social stratification and social class. It defines social stratification as the ranking of people according to their access to scarce resources like income, wealth, power and prestige. Social class is described as segments of society that share similar amounts of resources, values and lifestyles. The document also lists different social classes from upper class to underclass based on annual income levels.

Chapter 09Irene Petten

This document provides an overview of social stratification in the United States. It defines social stratification as a society's categorization of people into socioeconomic tiers based on factors like wealth, income, and race. The US has an open system with social mobility between classes, though one's class still influences outcomes. Classes are defined by income, wealth, education, and occupation. The upper class wields significant power and influence, while the lower class faces more difficulties maintaining a decent lifestyle. Global stratification also creates a rich/poor dynamic between industrialized and non-industrialized nations dating back to the Industrial Revolution. Theoretical perspectives on stratification like functionalism and conflict theory view it differently in terms of merit, power

SOCIAL CLASSShafiq Rehman

This document presents a summary of social class by Shafiq-ur-Rehman. It defines social class as groups differentiated by characteristics like occupation, income, wealth, and prestige. Common factors used to determine social class are occupation, income, possessions, associations, and influence. Social class determines values, beliefs, behaviors, and lifestyles. There are typically considered to be five social classes ranging from upper class to lower class.

Sc2220 lecture 5 2012socect

The document discusses how advertising reinforces gender stereotypes by portraying women as sex objects and men as success objects. It notes that while some aspects of beauty are consistent across cultures, such as symmetry and waist-to-hip ratio, standards of beauty vary widely between societies and are influenced by factors like available resources, technology, and racism. The document concludes that gender systems are shaped by multiple cultural, social, and biological factors rather than having a single cause.

Social stratification and divisionssept12 intakefatima d

Social stratification describes inequalities between individuals and groups in societies. There are four basic systems of stratification: slavery, caste, estates, and class. Class stratification is based on large groupings that share economic resources which shape lifestyles. Theories of class include Marx who saw two main groups based on ownership of capital or labor, and Weber who saw class as one dimension alongside status and party, with life chances dependent on skills and qualifications as well as economic position. Debates continue around the sources and persistence of social stratification, and whether it benefits society or primarily serves the interests of elites.

Social Class In AmericaGhost Writer For College Papers Tahlequah

The document discusses social class in America. It states that social class can be defined as groups of people who relate to each other based on financial means, social status, and culture. Social class is usually classified into three groups: lower class, middle class, and upper class. The document then provides an example of a person who grew up in the middle class based on how their parents raised them and their family's financial status.

Class, Caste and Social Inequality- Rigan .pptxAbanteeHarun

Rigan Chakma is a senior lecturer and coordinator of the General Education Department at the University of Liberal Arts in Bangladesh. He has extensive experience conducting field research both domestically and internationally. The document provides an overview of Rigan Chakma's background and qualifications, which include a master's degree from the University of Dhaka and field work in Indonesia. It also outlines the topics to be covered in his class on social inequality, including concepts of class, caste, gender and racial inequality, and different sociological perspectives on social stratification.

Social stratificationNerz Baldres

The document discusses social stratification, which refers to the division of society into hierarchical social classes. It defines social stratification as the unequal distribution of resources and power among social groups. Some key aspects covered include social classes, status, and roles. Social classes refer to large socioeconomic groupings, while status is one's standing and prestige. Roles refer to the expected behaviors associated with one's status. Theories on stratification like conflict theory and functional theory are also mentioned. Different types of stratification systems such as open and closed class systems are described.

Chapter 8-Social StratificationKent Hansen

Chapter 8MEEvans

Soc Ch9Mr. Philen

demo.pptNorMayJeanHinayas1

SOCIAL STARTIFICATIONZain Ch

SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resourcesociologyexchange.co.uk

Social Stratificatonshoetzlein

Social Class in Modern Timesjdubrow2000

41Topic 9 Stratification—Functionalist and Conflict Theorie.docxgilbertkpeters11344

Lesson 1 - Functionalism and marxism aqsa_naeem

Types of social classes in Bangladesh & characteristics and how its importa...Abdul Motaleb

Conflict TheoryDustin Kidd

Ch 8 Social StratificationMBurke1621

Chapter 09Irene Petten

SOCIAL CLASSShafiq Rehman

Sc2220 lecture 5 2012socect

Social stratification and divisionssept12 intakefatima d

Social Class In AmericaGhost Writer For College Papers Tahlequah

Class, Caste and Social Inequality- Rigan .pptxAbanteeHarun

Social stratificationNerz Baldres

More from Simon Gummer (20)

Externally set assignment 2013.14Simon Gummer

This document provides guidance for students on an externally set photography assignment. It includes: 1) A list of photography themes for students to explore, such as the built environment, fantasy, close-up, and fashion photography, alongside examples of photographers known for work in those themes. 2) An instruction to create a visual mind map around one of the themes, making notes and connections between ideas. Students are then asked to take informal test photos based on their mind maps. 3) A discussion is to be held where students share one thing they learned about two of the photography themes from their research.

Evalauations why what howSimon Gummer

This document provides guidance on evaluating art and design projects. It outlines three key parts of an evaluation: research and development, finals, and a self-assessment. For the research and development section, it recommends reflecting on themes, ideas development, research materials, artistic influences, techniques explored, and skills developed. For finals, it suggests analyzing formal elements, materials used, intentions vs. outcomes, layout/design, and messages conveyed. The self-assessment portion recommends justifying why evaluations are important, what to include, and how to approach them, with a focus on formal analysis and terminology. Open workshops are also recommended to set targets and work towards finalizing evaluations.

PhotographyintroSimon Gummer

PhotographybygenreSimon Gummer

Intro to camera settingsSimon Gummer

Semiotics introSimon Gummer

Semiotics sees communication as arising from cultural contexts rather than just information exchange. Meaning comes from the interaction between texts and their receivers based on shared codes within a culture. A code is a system of communication that connects signs to rules and shared understandings. Identifying codes in texts is important because codes organize communication and enable meaning, though individual meanings are negotiated. Denotation is the literal meaning of a sign, while connotation involves cultural associations that can vary between individuals. During negotiation, meaning is not fixed but depends on the decoding context. Anchorage provides a written context that orients the preferred reading of an image's signs.

Research and analysis of imagesSimon Gummer

This document discusses analyzing images through their visual elements such as line, texture, pattern, shape, and form. It explains that analyzing images considers framing, composition, depth of field, lighting, meaning, and use of formal elements. When writing about an image, one should describe what is seen literally, analyze techniques used by the photographer like lighting, composition, and formal elements to uncover meaning, and evaluate if the image is effective and what it communicates. Famous photographers like Tim Walker, Don McCullin, Rankin, and Imogen Cunningham are mentioned.

Research and analysis of images take 3Simon Gummer

This document provides guidance on analyzing photographic images. It discusses the formal visual elements of line, texture, pattern, shape, and form. It then profiles several photographers to exemplify each element. The document also covers the basics of image analysis, including framing, composition, lighting, and use of formal elements. When writing about an image, it advises describing the subject matter literally, then analyzing technical and contextual aspects to uncover meaning, and evaluating how effectively the image communicates. Students are given an exercise to discuss images using these analytical techniques.

Research and analysis of images take 2Simon Gummer

This document discusses analyzing images through examining their visual elements such as line, texture, pattern, shape, and form. It explains that analyzing images considers the framing, composition, lighting, meaning, and use of formal elements. The analysis of an image involves describing what is seen, breaking down elements like lighting, composition, and subject matter, and evaluating how effective and influential the image is.

Photographic compositionSimon Gummer

This document discusses various techniques for effective photographic composition including framing, angle, perspective, symmetry, balance, space, and color. It emphasizes that composition allows photographers to convey messages and emotions through carefully framing subjects, experimenting with unique angles and perspectives, balancing elements in the frame, giving subjects space, and using color to impact mood. The document encourages photographers to view composition not as rigid rules but as tools or "ingredients" that can be utilized to create visually compelling photographs.

Line, texture, patternSimon Gummer

This document discusses three key elements of photography - line, texture, and pattern. It defines each element and provides examples of photographers who utilize these elements effectively in their work. Lines create depth and movement, texture refers to surface qualities, and patterns are made up of lines and shapes. Students are assigned to find images from artists that demonstrate these three elements for a photography assignment.

History of photographySimon Gummer

This document provides a history of photography from its origins to modern applications. It discusses early innovators like Niepce, Daguerre, and Talbot who developed the first photographic processes in the 1820s-1840s. The daguerreotype and calotype processes allowed photographs to be taken and reproduced. Advances like the wet plate collodion process in the 1850s led to photographs being widely used to document events like the Civil War. Photography was also used in science, medicine, industry, and to document social issues. Further innovations driven by the development of more portable cameras expanded photography's uses through the late 19th century until it became widely accessible to the public by the late 1880s.

Evaluation flowchartSimon Gummer

The document outlines an initial photography project focused on formal analysis and terminology exploring Imogen Cunningham's work. It then details the creative process of researching flower meanings in different cultures and places linked to people. Test shoots were conducted exploring techniques and using layering in Photoshop before final images were displayed with an explanation of how they were selected.

Essay referencingSimon Gummer

This document provides guidance on researching and referencing secondary sources for an essay. It discusses finding information from sources like textbooks, articles, and websites to support an essay topic. It emphasizes the importance of integrating quotes and properly referencing sources to avoid plagiarism. The document also provides directions on formatting references in alphabetical order by author surname in a bibliography, and lists the necessary details for referencing different source types like written texts and internet sources.

Compositional elementsSimon Gummer

Composition and the rule of thirdsSimon Gummer

The document discusses the rule of thirds in composition. The rule of thirds involves dividing an image into thirds both horizontally and vertically, creating nine equal sections. Placing subjects or key elements of a photo at the intersections of these lines can create a more balanced and appealing composition. The rule of thirds has a long history in art and is commonly used in photography, filmmaking, and other visual media because it follows conventions that audiences have come to expect. Examples are provided of tasks applying the rule of thirds to photo editing and storyboarding portrait shots for a newspaper.

Portraiture [use this one for as]Simon Gummer

This document discusses different sub-genres of portraiture photography including intimate portraits, documentary portraiture, formal portraiture, and fashion photography. It provides examples of prominent photographers within each sub-genre such as Julia Margaret Cameron and Alfred Stieglitz for intimate portraits, Dorothea Lange and Robert Weingarten for documentary portraiture, Annie Leibovitz and Cecil Beaton for formal portraiture, and Mario Testino and Irving Penn for fashion photography. The document also briefly discusses themes of identity within portraiture.

Portraiture & fashion photographySimon Gummer

The document discusses the portraiture and fashion photography of Terence Donovan, David Bailey, and Peter Lindbergh. It provides biographies of each photographer and examples of their work. Terence Donovan was a pioneering British fashion photographer known for his work with magazines in the 1960s. David Bailey photographed celebrities and cultural icons in a simple dramatic style. Peter Lindbergh is a renowned German photographer known for his black and white images of supermodels and use of industrial backdrops in fashion photography.

Portraiture & fashion photographySimon Gummer

This document discusses the portraiture and fashion photography of Terence Donovan, David Bailey, and Peter Lindbergh. It provides biographies of each photographer and examples of their work. Terence Donovan was a pioneering British fashion photographer known for his work with magazines in the 1960s. David Bailey photographed celebrities and cultural icons in a simple dramatic style. Peter Lindbergh is a renowned German photographer known for his black and white images of supermodels and use of industrial backdrops.

Photography & the_genre[intro]Simon Gummer

The document discusses genres in art and photography. It defines genre as a category or type of artistic medium defined by its form, content, or technique. Examples of painting genres provided include landscape, portrait, abstract, and styles like expressionist or impressionist. Photography also has many genres including portrait, landscape, documentary, fine art, street photography, fashion, and more. Key genres in photography attempt to capture personality in portraiture, depict locations in landscape, document moments in time for documentary, and focus on meaning for fine art genres. Due to its versatility, photography has many genres and is hard to define as an artistic medium. Some argue this makes it difficult to consider photography a true art form.

Externally set assignment 2013.14Simon Gummer

Evalauations why what howSimon Gummer

PhotographyintroSimon Gummer

PhotographybygenreSimon Gummer

Intro to camera settingsSimon Gummer

Semiotics introSimon Gummer

Research and analysis of imagesSimon Gummer

Research and analysis of images take 3Simon Gummer

Research and analysis of images take 2Simon Gummer

Photographic compositionSimon Gummer

Line, texture, patternSimon Gummer

History of photographySimon Gummer

Evaluation flowchartSimon Gummer

Essay referencingSimon Gummer

Compositional elementsSimon Gummer

Composition and the rule of thirdsSimon Gummer

Portraiture [use this one for as]Simon Gummer

Portraiture & fashion photographySimon Gummer

Photography & the_genre[intro]Simon Gummer

Marxism overview

1. Critical Theories Marxism

2. What is Marxism Karl Marx (1818-1883) – German philosopher Dominant classes create dominant ideology This is then seen by lower classes as natural Lower classes cant better themselves State & media spread this ideology Economics part of this

4. Marxism & Ideology Ideology as a set of ideas and beliefs – Marxism – Communism – Tory Party – Environmentalists – Education system etc… Marx added to this the idea that ideologies are used to lie and distort, to keep going unfair systems But we don’t realise its happening to us. Dominant ideology

5. Class & Marxism In capitalism, a few own a lot (factories – land – media) Ruling class, Bourgeois, Proletariat Means of Production = objects of labour & subjects of labour Those few making everything & the rest working but not progressing or benefiting Who are the ruling classes today? Do you think the class system is fair?

6. Class & Marxism Marx defined class as something which existed in hostility because of the relationship between factory owner and factory worker Who owns what? Who works for who? Are they the same people?

7. The dominant ideologies there to keep the fat cats in place If you own means of production, you can make meaning too Working classes have no channel or output – can’t oppose! How might owning the means of production allow you to produce dominant ways of thinking?

8. Class Consciousness Self awareness (or lack of) of your class Once aware, to act in your own interest Tendency to act in unity Class consciousness as ideological factor (you believe you are subordinate so act it) Class consciousness as earned Can awareness come through definition? If defined, and aware, do you have to act and think like all others in your class?

9. Case Study Class in NZ

10. A Classless Society? Small range of wealth Lack of deference to authority figures High levels of class mobility High standard of working class living compared to Europe Progressive labour laws Developed welfare state

11. Race & Class in NZ Maori and Polynesians earning less, worse jobs, more unemployed, less educated Conditions similar to lower classes in Europe Two classes – white and non white? Class consciousness should kick in for non white.

12. Today… 1980’s economic reforms Top 10% earned more – rest stayed same Uneven distribution of wealth creates nouveau riche Lack of employment in rural areas + welfare reform = new poverty class 3 classes - new rich, middle class, poor – race still big part However – no emphasis on historical factors, respect for work, not origin

13. Activity Define your own class Think about the impact of class in your life. Is class consciousness in play? Attempt to represent this in poster form using diagrams, cut outs, drawing etc… Present to class

14. social grade social status and occupation A upper middle class higher managerial, administrative or professional B middle class intermediate managerial, administrative or professional C1 lower middle class supervisory or clerical, junior managerial, administrative or professional C2 skilled working class skilled manual workers D working class semi and unskilled manual workers E lowest level of subsistence state pensioners or widows (no other earner), casual or lowest grade workers

Marxism overview

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Viewers also liked (20)

Similar to Marxism overview (20)

More from Simon Gummer (20)

Marxism overview