Social theory
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The document provides definitions and background information on several topics: - Literary criticism is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature, including analysis of specific works and authors. - Social theories are frameworks used to study and interpret social phenomena within a particular school of thought. Social theory examines how society develops and changes. - The sociologist Daniel Bell is discussed, including his background, education, and career focused on sociological theorizing and journalism. - Brief summaries are given of the short stories "The Kiss" by Kate Chopin and "Sadie and Maud" focusing on the characters and social norms.
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- The theory was introduced by George Homans in 1958 and views human relationships as formed through subjective evaluations of alternatives based on costs and benefits. It has been expanded on by other sociologists like Frazer, Malinowski, and Homans himself.
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- 1. Hamirah binti Wan Hamid Al Samihah Amni bt Dollah @ Abdul Aziz Tesl 1
- 2. Definition: - Literary criticism is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature. -Wikipedia - Literary criticism has several ends: to understand what's been written, to say how good it is, and to choose between possible renderings. - Literary criticism is the description and analysis of literary works – novels, plays, poems, and short stories, etc. Criticism may look at an author’s particular work (e.g., Shakespeare’s Hamlet)
- 3. Definition: -Social theories are theoretical frameworks which are used to study and interpret social phenomena within a particular school of thought.- Wikipedia -Social theory refers to the use of abstract and often complex theoretical frameworks to describe, explain, and analyze the social world. –NewWorldEncyclopedia -the study of scientific ways of thinking about social life.
- 4. Explain change in society— how it develops, what factors facilitate and inhibit it, and what results from it about methods of explaining social behavior, power and social structure, class, gender, and ethnicity, modernity and concept and problems in social life Encompasses ideas about how societies develop Questioning the value and meaning of things around people
- 5. born in New York City on May 10 1919 play a central role in his sociological theorizing, he considered his Jewishness to be ethnic rather than religious. graduated from City College of New York in 1938, and after a year of graduate study at Columbia University spent the next twenty years in journalism, writing and editing for the New Leader, Fortune (as labor editor), and The Public Interest an associate professor at Columbia in 1958 , where he received a Ph.D. in 1960 and was promoted to full professor in 1962. In 1969 he moved to Harvard University, where he received a Henry Ford II endowed chair in 1980, from which he retired in 1990.
- 6. The Kiss - Kate Chopin ''During one of the pauses between their talk of the last tea and the next reception the door opened and a young man entered whom Brantain knew quite well. The girl turned her face toward him. A stride or two brought him to her side, and bending over her chair-- before she could suspect his intention, for she did not realize that he had not seen her visitor--he pressed an ardent, lingering kiss upon her lips.''
- 7. Kate Chopin wrote The Kiss on 1895 where in that era, women have to be polite and dignity. But Nathalie showed different behaviour for having an affair with other man eventhough she’s already agreed to marry Brantain. The kiss portrayed the behavior of the main character , Nathalie that oppose social norms which using her charm to manipulated men.
- 8. Sadie and Maud The plot in this poet shows Sadie's social life that makes people have a negative thought of her and because of her social life she has no place in her family... but, through out all of the hardship that she face, she manages to face it alone with a brave heart.