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BTTONUT

IMAGINI

AU PI [D
DU

l||UR
PAR

ROBERT L'HERMITE
Dirccteur des Labo.atoires

du Bitinent et der

T.avaux Pubtics.

DESSINS

DE

PIERRE LEFOL

PREFACE
DE

ANDRE MEUNIER
Pr6sidef,t des Laboratoires

du Bitiment et

des

lEveur

Publics'

tsATO
SOCITE DE PROPAGANDE ET
DE

ts
DU

DIFFUSION DES TECHNIOUES

lous DRo[s
RsERvEs 195,

BATIMENT,

",

AVENUE KLEBER, PARIS XVI.

. ..\ t{

BIIONUl
IN

IAGI|II
DE

ROBERT L,HERMITE
Directoi al laboratoarelor pentru construclii 9i Lucriri Publice

T[[r[ [r ilfilr[
PREFATA PREZENTARE

Pog.

BETONUL
CONFECTIONAREA

8 9
I

l. Moteriile

ll. lll.
lV.

prime Dozojul ;i legile sole principcle Lucrobilito reo Punereo in operd: Vibrqreo

21
25

PROCEDEE SPECIALE DE BETONARE

.33
35 39

l. Eliminoreo oPer rn exces ll. Injectoreo mortorului. lncludereo de oer lll. Betonoreo pe timp friguros gi trotoreo
DEFORMAREA BETONULUI

term icd

43

47
49

l. Controclio ll. Deformoreo lll. Rupereo

sub incdrcore

ti

curgereo lentd

53

57
61

AGRESIUNILE CHIMICE

CONTROLUL PE SANTTERE
AUSCULTAREA 1) CONSTRUCTT I LOR

57 73 79 89

GARAMTZT DE ARGTLA ARSA $r ZTDAR,TE DE CARAMIDA

zrDuR,r $r PERETI
NOTA EDITURII TEHNICE

Editarea in limba romini a lucrtrrii ,,Au pied du mur" a prof. Robert L'Hermite (Franfa) originalului, tara s-a ftrcut tacut cu resPectarea respectarea stncta stricte a ongrnalulur, firi a se tntroduce introduce in text mod modificiri in vederea adaptirii lui la prevederile standardelor gi normativelor republicane in vigoare ln consecinli lucrarea prezentatd in limba rom?nd sub denumir&,,Betonul in imagini'l nu poate rte fi consideratd decit cu titlu titlu didactic, documentar; documentar: ea Doate folosi ca ca indrumitor Practic, numai sub acele aspecte care nu contravin prevederilor conditiilor tehnice, instructiunilor

prescrip{iilor etc. rominesti, din dorneniul cercetirii, proiectirii gi executirii conslrucliilor,

t)
A

",rd" ""d*tructive

de control ol construcliilor (notq E. T.)

E
LA
EDTTTA

tN

L|MBA ROMINA

Robert L'Hermite, autorul << Betonului in imagini>> este bine cunoscut la noi intr-un cerc larg de constructori, prin activitatea sa;tiinlificl in domeniul cercetlrii proprietiqilor fizico-mecanice ale materialelor de construclii gi ?n special ale betonului. Secretar general al RILEM-ului (Reuniunea internalionali a laboratoarelor de incerc[ri ;i cercetiri de materiale gi construc[ii) R. L'Hermite este in acela;i timp gi director al << Centrului experimental de studii ;i cercetiri in construcgii $i lucriri publice>>. Dintre publicaqiile sale, apirute in volum, in cei peste 25 de ani de activitate $tiin!ifice, tr:ebuie amintite: << Lecliile asupra incercirilor de materiale >) (1938-40), << Experienga ;i teoriile moderne ale rezistenlei materialelor>> (1945), << Rezistenla marerialelor, teoretici ;i experimentali>> (1954), << ldei actuale asupra tehnologiei betonului> (1956). , << Betonul in imagini>> (originalul poarti titlul (< Au pied du mur>>) a apirut in anul f 955, avind ca punct de plecare o serie de articole de popularizare, pe care L'Hermite le-a redactat succesiv pentru revista << B6tir>. Publicindu-le, autorul a urmirit si prezinte, intr-o formi strinsf,, dar accesibild, principiile ;tiingifice ale tehnologiei betonului ;i ziddriilor. ln cele 100 de pagini au fost cuprinse fabricarea;i punerea in lucrare a betonului, deformaqia, ruperea gi durabilitatea s?, controlul construc!iilor de beton, proprietitile de rezistenqe gi izolare ale zidiriilor. Textul este in general extrem de concis. Citili de exemplu descrierea procesului ruperii betonului, la p. 57: << in beton, ruperea propriu zisi este precedati de 'o prerupere, caracterizatd prin formarea unui mare numir de fisurifine care, reunindu-se, conduc la formarea de cripituri gi la separare. Formarea acestor fisuri este insogiti de mici pocnituri caracteristice care pot fi detectate cu un microfon. Examinarea acustici a betonului arat5 ci preruperea prin compresiune apare la 50-75\ din sarcina de rupere. Aceastd sarcini pare si corespundi limitei de obosealS sub eforturi repetate>. Cigi dintre cititori ar fi dispu;i si parcurgi 50-60 pagini redactate atit de concis I Probabil c[ nu prea mulgi. Prezentind textul acesta;tiinqific sub forma unui album amuzanr ilustrat, L'Hermite ne pune in fagi o lucrare plicuti, curgdtoare, de loc obositoare, care fixeazi atengia, firi si o oboseasci. Procedeele de ilustrare a textului sint diverse. Uneori, imaginea urmf,re;te evident numai amuzarea cititorului. Privigi desenul din josul p. 25: o broasci care sare in balti. Este redarea directi a ultimei fraze din text, care compari efectul vibririi betonului cu saltul unei broa;te. De asemenea la p. 51, apa de mare este evocati prin peisajul unei
faleze.

Alteori ins6, desenul completeazi textul, sugerind explicaqii suplimentare. ln tehnologia betonului se utilizeazi pentru limurirea rolului aerului oclus, comparagia spumei cu un rulment cu bile. ln textul de la p. 41 nu se recurge la aceasti analogie; dar pe margine apare desenul unui rulment. Deseori ilustra{ia reprezinti o simpli schemi didactici a unei faze tehnologice: la p. 15, amestecul gi turnarea betonului, la p. 18, schema de betoniere gi malaxoare. Alteori insd, sub forma unui rebus amuzant, este prezentat simbolul unui fenomen complex. L" p. 37 omulegii care evacueazi apa cu gile{ile, reprezinti mecanismul stoarcerii apei din beton prin vacuumare, iar la p.49 contraclia betonului este sugerati prin intrarea la api a unei cim6;i. ln prezentarea sa, R. L'Hermite mirturiseite ci a alcituit acest album distrindu-se. Sint convins c5;i cititorul nostru se va amuza parcurgind lucrarea de faqd. $i dacd, in acela;i timp descifrind acegti determinanli hieroglifici, cititoruli;i va pune intrebdri suplimentare gi va dori si adinceasci nogiunile intilnite, se va putea spune ci lucrarea de fagi, prima publicalie de acest fel la noi, gi-a atins scopul. Prof. ins. V. NICOLAU

REFAI
LA EDtTtA lN
LTMBA FRANCEZA

Numerogi scriitori au susfinut ideea ci arta - {olosind mijloace simple - poate si introduci ordinea gi armonia pini gi in minf ile cele mai re{ractare la gindirea absfracti. Dimpotrivi, unii savanli au pretins, vreme pr.ea indelungafS, ci faptele gfiinfi{ice nu pol si-gi pistreze caracterul lor minunat, daci nu rdmin inconjurate de un'oarecare mister. intr-o epoc5, in care {rancezii duc lipsi de locuinfe, Roberl L'Her.mite, autorul acestui volum, a apreciat ci {olosind arta expresivi la cunoagterea apro{undati a subiecfelor pe care le expune, va putea {ace ca unele probleme de bazd ale conslrucliilor

si {ie asimilate de oricine.

Prezenta culegere de plange in culori apare, astfel, ca o strSluciti demonstrafie a cunoscutului dicton ,,Ceea ce se concepe bine, se enunfi cu clarifate". Prin {orma sa alrigiloare el va stimula atenfia cititorului care va avea posibilitalea si se instruiasci {5ri eforturi deosebite. Di{erife spirite crilice vor afirma, desigur, ci mefoda utilizati se bazeazi pe arti{iciile bine cunoscute ale {ilmelor animafe. Dar tocmai aceasta place {izicianului R. L'Hermite, {iindc; el este convins ci ,,dec?t multi vorbi, mai bine o schil; bun5" ci desenul esle mijlocul de expresie natural gi permanent atit al mecanicului c?t gi al arhileclului gi ci sprijinul artei trebuie fofdeauna ciutat, pentru a da gtiinfei un caracler plicut gi accesibil. imi {ace deci plicere si subliniez aceasti inifiativi, p cil de {ericiti, pe atit de rodnicS,. gi de a saluta in aceaslS prefafi, prefioasa contr.ibufie a autorului la dezvollarea cunogtiinfelor in domeniul construcfiilor gi al lucririlor publice.

ANDRE MEUNTER :l-1t-',":i,l j, f..jif i i, n: il-? i,l,liJ, I

Deseori se aduc crilici oamenilor de gtiinfi pentru {olosirea unei limbi greu inleleasi de public gi penlru ci nu se exprimi ?ntr-un mod u;or accesibil celor ce au o meserie dedicati realizirilor practice. Alteori se afirmi ci oamenii de meserie heglijeazi si-gi per{ecfioneze cunogtinfele gi si se menfini la nivelul progresului. Poate nici unii nici alfii n-au ?ncercaf si se infeleagS. Oamenii de gtiinli'{olosesc o limba incircati de {ormule care sint ideale mijloace de exprimare, {iregte pentru i, dar care rimin striine de cei. care nu le {olosesc in mod curent. Ceilalfi, avind alle griji, renunfi si le adinceasci sensul ascuns ;i inclini si nu le mai acorde importanf i. Cine gregegte ? Oamenii de gtiinfi, pe cil se pare, care n-au gtiut s5-gi exprime ideile intr-o {ormi mai simpli sau care n-au vrut si-gi inchipuie o lume ficuti gi penfru allii, nu
redactez o serie de articole pe infelesul tufuror, am acceplaf, gindind ci voi reugi si gisesc un mijloc de exprimare, capabil si apropie cele doui lumi, care stSruie si nu se cunoasc5. Acest mod de exprimare l-am gisif in imagini. Am crezut ci o schila insofifi de un lext esle capabile si se inlipireasci in memorie cu afif mai trainic, cu cit schifa este mai afrigitoare. 5i afunci, am incercat, affi alciluit cileva fexte, am schlfat c?teva desene, dar cum sint lipsit de falenlul artislic gi ribdarea necesarS, ?ffi incredinfat per{eclarea lor unui tinir desenator talentat, Pierre Le{ol. in acest album care reunegle o serie de plange publicate succesiv timp de doi ani, citilorul va observa desigur o lipsi de unifate. Aceasta se datoregle {apfului ci a trebuit si cercetim, si modi{icim metoda, si finem seama de critici gi s{aturi. Pentru dese. nator, a fosf necesari schimbarea procedeului de exprimare arfisfici, pentru a se putea adapta procedeelor tipogra{ice. Toafe aceslea n-au {ost de loc utoare gi apelez la bunivoinfa cititorului pentru aceasti primi incercare. Doresc, in tot cazul, acelora care-l vor cefi, ca albumul s6 le faci aceeagi plicere pe care am avut-o
numai pentru ei.

Cind revista ,, Batir" mi-a cerul

si

eu scriindu-1.

R,L. \

Primq griie o constructorului este olegereo compozifiei corecte o betonului. Pornind de lq mqteriile prime (ciment, qgregote, opd) qle cdror colit6li trebuiesc verificote, moi este necesor studiul dozqiului gi ol compoziliei gronulometrice. Acesteo sint descrise in poginile urm6toore.

Vom vorbi opoi despre punereo in operd o betonului si de miiloocele odecuote pentru oceosto, cum sint vibroreo, vocuumoreo 9i opoi despre onumite betoone 9i trotomente speciole. Vom vorbi, in sfirgit, despre betonoreo pe timp friguros ti pe timp cold.

BETONUL
coNFECItONAREA

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twcanxma w\i;Eebe, *tra@

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de

fl***

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7,5 on

U4!

4rrluh, dML cnanfuiu qiudrb ( 6 ,to* S qaa^rJw) au w.et(* qru;,dg WIr,tirt,, fiaxt !*ILCLII ilw wrod" h{prn^,o!, , ielInL \JAtu/tt/LO la" S :

"{

tu{ey}ffifie ds 6S0 ks. 0

*z;*'zsrry'w"fe
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(\

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Cr

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88

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lt

-i'-

u DU
$l

PE RE

lnpotriva frr

PRINCIPALA FUNCTIUNE A ZIDULUI ESTE APARAREA INTERIORULUI CASEI IMPOTRIVA PERTURBATIII-OR EXTERIOARE: VARIATII DE TEMPERATURA, PLOI, UMIDITATE, ZGOMOT, $OCURr, ETC.

lmpotriva igrasiei

ln zid trebaie
'd

fixa

sd se aate si

Trebuie sd
de

instalalii grele

permiti fixarea

un spdlitor :'t"
:.;''i"r;;r;;:

Trehuie sd suporte in apropierq o i_ns'talatie de

in c{lzire.

nu provoace deterioriri sau incendii.

Zidul h'ebuie sI poatS servi ca suport pentru ornamente (tablouri), trebuie si se poatd fixa pe el instala{ii casnice care, adesea sint gnele. Trebuie deci sA permitb fixarea cuielor gi guruburilor, Trebuie sd prezinte rezistenti mecanicl la eforturi transversale pi verticale, precum gi la cdldur6, astfel incit apropierea unui aparat de incdlzire sd

Coeficienti de izotare acustici

6eam de fereastri ft , circa 30 decibeli Io foo| Zid de cirimidi de 20 cm I It circa 50 deciheli

fo ,00000 Zidirii de /,20 m t fr circa 60 decibeli fo loooooo fo

f25 ooo

Perete din 2 panouri de ipsos sepdrate ca un strat de aer de locm I'r circa 5/ deciheli
Coeficientul de izolare acusticd se determini prin raportul intensititilor sonore din partea de perete opusd sursei gi partea in care se afld sursa. Coeficientul se exprimd in decibeli. I#t de.cibel este de 10 ori logaritmul acestui raport. -este normal sA se misoare izolarea in functie de Sensibilitatea urechii variind proporfional cu logaritmul intensitdfii, acest logaritm. Valoarea izolirii in decibeli, a peretilor masivi gi continui, este, practic, proporfionalS cu greutatea
acestora.

ln zid cuiete trebuie si pdtrundd fdri a produce cripdturi sau afte degradit'i

E bine

se face

Rezistenta Ia smulgere a cuielor gi guruburilor se efectueazd pentru determinarea capacitS$ii portante. Incercarea in general cu guruburi de 50X6 gi cuie de ?0. Stabilirea rezistenfei la smulgere se face cu un dispozitiv foarte in forma de picior de capri, care se sprijini pe o bil6 ce se preseazd pe o placS' ugor de tolosit: este vorba de o pirghie -Esti suficient deci i5 se mdsoare urma lisati de bil6, pentru a determlna efortul de din metal de duritate cunoscutd. smulgere, fiindci adincimea urmei este legati de intensitatea acestui efort.

Ascensiunea capi/ari in yo/am Y proportionali cu rdddcina hmpulbi t.

ffi

30 Piatrd durd C= 2la 20

e = 20 la

Piatrd moale

getun

de eiment

c*SlaT

c. 3 laS
prim6 printr-un coeficient de capilaritate (volumul de apd in cm3 absorbit in 1.000 minute, aproape 1? ore, pe o coloand cu secliunea de I cm 2). De notat ci un rost de ciment incetinegte ascensiunea 9i cE un strat de mortar de 5 cm o
Capilaritatea este ascensiunea apei

in

zid, ca intr-o sugat-ivd cu pa.rtea inferioard cufundatS

in

atrb. Ea se ex-

opregte complet.

Permeabilitatee la ploaie

Stripungere

lncovoiere locefd

de eN" 'plnzd ederenti,ca

litri

debitul de 4 pe minut

flFm2

^r
placd de olel
9,15 x o,15

\. t\\
a\\

Coeficientul de perrneabilitate la ploaie este timpul t necesar pentru ca sd apari pete de urnezeald pe fata opusi aceleia pe care se sculge o pinzd de apd de 4 litri pe m 2 qi pe minut. Incdrcarea de stripungere este forla F eare trebuie aplicati in centrul unui panou de 2 m. laturd, rezemat pe eontur, pentrrr a rupe zidul. Incdrcarea P pentru incovoiere local[ este aceia care trebuie aplicati la extremitatea unei console de B0 cm fixatd la jumdtate din inilfimea zidului, pentru a-l rupe.

tlnil t-l
il
,.1,1

ecumuleazi

Zidul
CAldara

{II] {I #Hffi
Zidu/

Hlll

ill

"#r.

prophrt'int?ali cu
suqrsfa{8 S,

ciildurd Q este
diferen{a

Pterdenw de

'#'y*
ciildura = cdrhane
de temperatur6
9i

de ternqerafar,i

fntre fete si coeficien"ta/ K

0 = ffS

(Te *Ta)

transmite cildura
o acumuleaz6 in tirnpul incdlzirii gi o restituie cind temperatura descregte. Clldura acumulatd A este propor-

Zidul transmite cdldura prin conductibilitate terrnici,

cSldura specificd H.

tionalA cu greutatea P, diferenta

Coeficientul K de transmitere a cdldurii. este cantitatea de cdldurE care trece intr-o ora printr-o suprafatd de 1 m2 a unui perete cu arnbele fete situate in atmosfere constante dar diferind cu lu. Pentru materialele poroase cdldura specificd este de aproape 0,20 la kg.

.4.:rJI5rr.
91

PRO PRlETAT]LE

ZlD URILO
I

de

ncercori si mosurofori de loborotsr.

Coeficrent tnnsmitere a cdldurii

/ncovoiere

/ocali
n
I

0bserratii
?m

l-t-r Enrs -\It1'|

I I E

K,1,83

10 mnute

zid
din cdrimizi

Nu primegte cale

p/ne
erse

1",",,

seu .puru0uri

K= 1,62

5 ore

firi
drbluri

1,5 22

1,5

1""'
s
K= 7,50

I t
N

Zid din beton o0isnat

tencwt pe 2 fe;e

Peste
24 ore
2

hlu

prime;te

Peste 000 kg

curb

saa

puruburi

firi

dibluri
ll tfwr$t@*i

deagregateugme l t t ll',' li" tencuilweref

ll*' ttl'V;

.1

gipo

.l $
1

K= 0,59

t l[ "t. \'
id*#

Peste 24 ore
2

Peste

Prime,ste cuie

000 k9

n
K= f,06

50 k9 nu prime;te suruburi

Aglomerate de agregate u-soare

pe2
fele,c,

24 ore

Peste

PrimeSte

cuie

2000 k9

50 kg
nu primeple

fl
92

, guruburi

Coe

ficient K

oermeabrTllale

de

transmitere a cd/durii

/ncovoiere
/oca/a'

Stripungere

la p/oaie

0bseruatii
0,80m

II

-m|'
f"fai pulin de I minut

Zid de /0 din cirdmizi giurite

cu 6 goluri

t
$

K = 2,/0

Nu

/000 kg

/500 kg

prime;te

.{

t \
Zid de /5,5
din

I t
-)<H+

cuie
6 ore

sau

ffi

suruburi

s N

1,5 10

1.5

t"fai putin

cirimizi

gabrite
cu 6 goluri

de l minut

$ *

/000 kg
K=

/500 kg

Nu

2./0

primeste

cuie sau

t
$
Peste 24 ore

{ t

7 ore

ff

guruburi

27000 ks
Peste

Primeste

-aYZ:l;'%T#*11N

K= /,50

cuie

2000 ks

450 ks
7i;uruburi

sltffits i,ffi,;

/90 ks

93

:.

,,.,,,,. ,..****d6t

'ermshrltetr
la ptoare

/ncoyorere Stripungere locald

qf5

ilr

06serratii

Mai pulin
de f mrhut

9000 kg
Nu

primegte
Peste
5 ore
cuie
seu

suruburi

2000

k9

fird
di0/uri

1.{ n
Perete

Ls

ll il
tifi

despirlitor din

250

kg

plici

de psos

200 kg m

Primeste
cuie

cu tencutali de rpsos pe ambe/e fete

ilil
ilt]
i,r*iG
ttx

/ncercirile de trensnitere cdldurii

/a ploaie

ffi
a

w
/000

5ks
gi suruburt
35 kg
kg
Alu

Perete
despa'ry'tor de

5.5 din cirimizi pline cu tencanli de psos IH

15

II t: II
5

tn

si de permeaLilitate

nu s-ea efectuat
pere{i despar/itori

primepte
cuie
Eea

fi

pe

t,5

suru0uri

Perete

/200 ks

/500 ks
Irlu

desprftor de

//

primepte
cuie sa(l

dn ce'rimhi

ptrne cufncuiah de rpms

tH+

,1.5

1't

1,5

Euruburt

94

lncovoiere Stra'pungere locald

lncayoiere Strdpungerc

locali

ffiIV

Peret

0,80m

"*m w
900 kg
1400 kg

despirtitori

Perete lin cdrimidi giuritd cu 8 sau 6 goluri, tencuit.

1,5 75
1,5

Perete din penouri de fbre

lemn aglomerate cu
de

100 kg

200 kg

w
Panouri din heton zidite
cu ciment,

tencuield de ciment
1,5

g
1.5

ffi

900

kg

1000 k9

Pereli din
panouri
de fibre

1000 k9

vegetale

aglomerate cu cimenl
1,5 1.3

1,5

1,5

S-A CONSIDERAT CA AR PUTEA FI NECESAR SA SE PF"F;CIZ,EZ'E CONDITIILE MINIME LA CARE TREBUIE SA CORESPUNDA ZIDURILE $I PERETII PENTRU A SATISFACE PE LOCATARI. IN ACEST SCOP S-A FACUT O ANCHETA PRINTRE ARHITECTI, CONSTRUCTORI, INGINERI $I LCCATARI. REZULTATELE ANCHETEI NE-AU PERMIS SA FIXAM REGULILE CARE REUNESC CELE MAI MULTE OPINII. ACESTE REGULI INDICA REZULTATELE INCERCARILOR LA CARE TREBUIE SA SATISFACA PERETII.

ENUNTA

CONTINUAREA ACESTEI ANCHETE.

TABLOUL FIGURAT IN PAGINA URMATOARE LE $I IN ACELA$I TIMP TREBUIE SA PERMITA

?RANSMI?EREA CALDURII

K(t,l

RE A CALDURII AL UNUI ZID

IREBUIE SA FIE EGAL CU CEL AL

COEFICIENTUL DE TRANSMITE.

REZISTENTA LA FORTE ORIZONTALE

+-

4tone
I
I i
,f

UNUI ZID DE 0,33 M. DIN CARAMIDA.

0,35

PENTRU PERETII CARE DESPART CAMERA DE LOCUIT DE

PRESIUNEA VINTULUI IN PLUS TREBUIE SA SUPORTE O INCAR. CARE ORIZONTALA LOCALA DE 4 {TONE INTR-UN PUNCT OARECARE PINA LA 3 M INALTIME

ZIDUL TREBUIE SA REZISTE LA

INCAPERI NEINCALZITE, CUM

ESTE CASA SCARII, COEFICIEN-

DEASUPRA TERENULUI OACA

a,15,

TUL DE TRANSMITERE A CALDURII, TREBUIE SA FIE EGAL SAU MAI MIC DECAT AL UNUI
ZID DIN CARAMIZI GAURITE DE
0.15 M.

K (2,t

ZTDVL ESTE PORTANT SI SITUAT SPRE STRADA. IN CELELALTE CAZURT _ ZTD SPRE CURTE SAU DE UMPLUTU-

FA, IN AFARA DE INCARCAREA DIN VINT, TREBUIE SA MAI SU. PORTE CEL PUTIN I TONA.

\
I
I
I

ETAN$EITATE

LA

PLOAIE

BATEREA CUIELOR PENTRU CA UN

IN MOD PRACTIC, ZIDUL TRE_ BUIE SA FIE ETANS LA PLOAIE.

ZID SA

FIE

INSA

CONSIDJRAT BUN PENTRU BA-

INCERCAREA DESCRISA

FIIND PREA SEVERA, ESTE SUFICIENT SA SE ASIGURE CA APA NU PATRUNDE INAINTE DE 6 ORE. sE VOR PREVEDEA TOTU$r sTREA$rNr $r coRNrsE CARE SA INDEPAR"EZE PLOAIA DE ZTD, CIND DURAT.{ DE PATRUNDERE
ESTE

FORTA LONGITUDINALA DE SA FIE DE PESTE 10 KG. ACEEA$I CONDITTE SE IMPUNE $I PENTRU SURUBURI.
SMULGERE
SE SPUNE CA UN ZID ESTE ,,BUN

TEREA. CUIELON, TREBUIE CA

MAI MICA DE

24 ORE.

PENTRU ANCORARE" CIND UN BULON DE SCELMENT VA PUTEA REZISTA LA O TRACTIUNE DE

100 KG.

{-*100
feg

0A5 IZOLAREA ACTJSTICA

.s,,

REZISTENTA

LA

CALDURA

BANE, IZOLAREA ACUSTICA TREBUIE SA FIE CEL PUTIN EGALA CU A UNUI ZID DE 0,45 M. ADICA DE
55 DECIBELI.

IN LOCUINTELE UR*$,.

..1

,jf1.,
fi

UN ZID NU TREBUIE SA SUFERE NICI O DEGRADARE, DACA O SURSA DE CALDURA, FORMATA

TREBUIE SA FIE CEL

ACUSTICA A ZIDULUI

RALE IZOLAREA

IN LOCUINTELE RU.

PUTIN EGALA CU A UNUI ZID DE 0,22 M., ADICA DE 50 DECIBELI.

DE UN DISC DE 20 CM. DIAMETRU 9I LA O TEMPERATURA DE 2oo o, ESTE ASEZATA LA 20 cM. SI NU PROVOACA NICI-O DE-

50

ACELEA$I REGULI SE APLICA $I PERETILOR DESPARTITORI DE APARTAMENTE.

@
dea'b

GRADARE DUPA 48 ORE. ACEASTA REPREZINTA APRO. XIMATIV INFLUENTA UNEI SOBE

sAU A UNEr

MASTNT DE

GATII"

0,20m

96

B.ddor Gpotrsabil de carte: lng. Dinu

Irgdiire d editie: Ing. Dan D|agoi Niculescu

Tehnoredactor: Tudor lon

Constantinescu

M Ia alcs 26.12.58. Ban dc tipar 15.4.59. Hirtie velind H dc Im glntz,6fx86l8. Coli editorialz 9,25. Coli de tipu 12. fu4 6s.J 76. Corunda P. R. S. 4575. A 05983. E 16980. Illde de dtsiJiare pentru bib&oteeile mari 666.819+691,3. Idiab d2 clzsifirue pentru bibliotecilc mici (OM). S. Fabrica de Chibdturi il.
Tipanl erecutat la Imprimeria Bancii de Stat
28, Buc'ureFt.r.

R P. R'

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