… For some safety-critical systems, the cost of certification can exceed the cost of development,
and certification costs will increase as systems become larger and more complex. Though …

… Such systems are called large-scale complex systems (LSS). … for controlling large-scale
systems has evolved in recent … is necessary, decision support systems (DSS) can represent …

… In this context, Mårtenson [36.11] remarked that complex systems became even more
complex. She provided several arguments to support her remark: first, the ever larger number of …

… Fundamentally, we propose a study of the science of designing large-scale complex
engineered systems that incorporates more of the factors that influence system design outcomes …

… into foundational issues that underlie how we design and develop large-scale complex
systems such as aircraft, spacecraft, and launch systems. This paper is the first report of the …

… Engineering systems can exist at various scales of complexity. Whereas ES as a field … on
“large-scale” complex systems, our conceptualization describes engineering systems at varying …

… system responses. The combination of the two in the neuromuscular system provides
large-scale … Considering populations of animals evokes images of largescale herds and smaller …

… This paper analyzes the initial phases of a large-scale custom software effort, the Worm …
System (WCS), a coll… the advent of very large scale systems such as the US National …

… of symbolic model checking to large, component-based systems. This paper explores the
effectiveness of the technique for large-scale complex IT systems (LSCITS). In particular, we …

… civil infrastructure systems such as transportation systems. … to the design of largescale
complex engineered systems. The … of designing large-scale complex engineered systems such …