Current microprocessors employ a global timing reference to synchronize data transfer. A
synchronous system must know the maximum time needed to compute a function, but a circuit …

One of the most effective techniques to reduce a processor’s power consumption is to
reduce supply voltage. However, reducing voltage in the context of manufacturing-induced …

During the ten years since the appearance of the groundbreaking, bestselling first edition of
The Electronics Handbook, the field has grown and changed tremendously. With a focus on …

Large last-level caches (L 3 Cs) are frequently used to bridge the performance and power
gap between processor and memory. Although traditional processors implement caches as …

Technology advancements have enabled the integration of large on-die embedded DRAM (eDRAM)
caches. eDRAM is significantly denser than traditional SRAMs, but must be …

Voltage scaling is one of the most effective mechanisms to improve microprocessors' energy
efficiency. However, processors cannot operate reliably below a minimum voltage, Vccmin, …

Voltage scaling is one of the most effective mechanisms to reduce microprocessor power
consumption. However, the increased severity of manufacturing-induced parameter variations …

In this article, we focus on the solutions in the second category, that is, relaxing the nonvolatility
condition to allow lower bound on D. Although there have been an extensive number of …

The evolution of DRAM technology has been driven by capacity and bandwidth during the
last decade. In contrast, DRAM access latency stays relatively constant and is trending to …

… Shih-Lien Lu has a BS in electrical engineering and computer sciences from the University
of California, Berkeley, and an MS and a PhD, both in computer science and engineering, …