Tamna energija
Ne treba izjednačavati sa Tamna materija.
| Fizikalna kozmologija |
| Fizikalna kozmologija |
|
Svemir · Veliki prasak |
| Rani svemir |
|
Inflacija svemira · Nukleosinteza |
| Šireći svemir |
|
Crveni pomak · Hubbleov zakon |
| Oblikovanje strukture |
|
Oblik svemira |
| Komponente |
| Historija |
| Eksperimenti u kozmologiji |
|
Opservacijska kozmologija |
| Znanstvenici |
|
Einstein · Friedman · Lemaître |
U astronomiji je tamna energija naziv za vrstu nepoznate energije koja prožima ceo svemir i ubrzava njegovo širenje.[1] Teorija tamne energije je najšire prihvaćena hipoteza kojom se objašnjavaja uočeno ubrzano širenje svemira. U okviru trenutno dominantne lambda CDM paradigme, a na osnovu prikupljenih podataka Plank letelice,[2][3][4][5] vidljivi deo svemira se sastoji od:
- 26.8% tamne materije
- 68.3% tamne energije
- 4.9% materije
Iako po toj teoriji tamna energija ima vrlu malu gustinu, 6.91 × 10−27 kg/m3, ona je dominantna zbog svoje rasprostranjenosti po celom svemiru.[6]
U toku 1998. i 1999. godine su objavljena posmatranja supernovih [7][8] koja sugerišu da se širenje svemira ubrzava.[9] Za ovo otkriće je 2011. godine astrofizičarima Saulu Perlmuteru, Brajanu Šmitu i Adamu G. Reisu dodeljena Nobelova nagrada za fiziku.[10][11] Od tada su ovi nalazi potvrđeni iz više izvora. Merenja svemirskog mikrotalasnog pozadinskog zračenja, efekat gravitacionog sočiva, svemirska struktura velikih razmera, kao i poboljšana merenja supernovih su u skladu sa Lambda-CDM modelom .[12]
- ↑ Peebles, P. J. E. and Ratra, Bharat (2003). „The cosmological constant and dark energy”. Reviews of Modern Physics 75 (2): 559–606. arXiv:astro-ph/0207347. Bibcode 2003RvMP...75..559P. DOI:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.559.
- ↑ Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; Armitage-Caplan, C.; i drugi (Planck Collaboration) (2013-03-22). „Planck 2013 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results – Table 9.”. Astronomy and Astrophysics (podneto). arXiv:1303.5062. Bibcode 2014A&A...571A...1P. DOI:10.1051/0004-6361/201321529.
- ↑ Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; Armitage-Caplan, C.; i drugi (Planck Collaboration) (2013-03-31). „Planck 2013 Results Papers”. Astronomy and Astrophysics (submitted). arXiv:1303.5062. Bibcode 2014A&A...571A...1P. DOI:10.1051/0004-6361/201321529. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2016-08-13. Pristupljeno 2015-06-28.
- ↑ „Prvi rezultati sa Planka: svemir je još uvek čudan i interesantan”.
- ↑ Sean Carroll, Ph.D., Cal Tech, 2007, The Teaching Company, Dark Matter, Dark Energy: The Dark Side of the Universe, Guidebook deo 2 strana 46, Pristupljeno 7. oktobra 2013.
- ↑ http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/astro/dareng.html
- ↑ Adam G. Reis et al. (Supernova Search Team) (1998). „Observational evidence from supernovae for an accelerating universe and a cosmological constant”. Astronomical J. 116 (3): 1009–38. arXiv:astro-ph/9805201. Bibcode 1998AJ....116.1009R. DOI:10.1086/300499.
- ↑ Saul Perlimuter i drugi. (The Supernova Cosmology Project) (1999). „Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 high redshift supernovae”. Astrophysical Journal 517 (2): 565–86. arXiv:astro-ph/9812133. Bibcode 1999ApJ...517..565P. DOI:10.1086/307221.
- ↑ Prvi rad o pozitivnoj Lambda konstanti je Paal, G. i drugi (1992). „Inflation and compactification from galaxy redshifts?”. ApSS 191: 107–24. Bibcode 1992Ap&SS.191..107P. DOI:10.1007/BF00644200.
- ↑ „Nobelova nagrada za fiziku 2011”. Nobel fondacija. Pristupljeno 2011-10-04.
- ↑ The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. Perlmuter je dobio pola nagrade, a drugu polovinu su podelili Šmit i Reis.
- ↑ Spergel, D. N. et al. (WMAP collaboration) (March 2006). Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) three year results: implications for cosmology.
- Gerhard Börner, Matthias Bartelmann: Astronomen entziffern das Buch der Schöpfung. in: Physik in unserer Zeit. Weinheim 33.2002,3, S.114–120. ISSN 0031-9252
- Harald Lesch, Jörn Müller: Kosmologie für helle Köpfe – Die dunklen Seiten des Universums. Wilhelm Goldmann, München 2006. ISBN 3-442-15382-4
- Welt der Wunder. Stuttgart 2008, 2, S.24.
- Sidney C. Wolff, Tod R. Lauer: Observing dark energy. Astronomical Soc. of the Pacific conference series. Bd 339. San Francisco Calif. 2005. ISBN 1-58381-206-7
- Luca Amendola, et al.: Dark energy - theory and observations. Cambridge Univ. Pr., Cambridge 2010, ISBN 978-0-521-51600-6.
- Dark energy: how the paradigm shifted Physicsworld.com
- Dennis Overbye (November 2006). „9 Billion-Year-Old 'Dark Energy' Reported”. The New York Times.
- "Mysterious force's long presence" BBC News online (2006) More evidence for dark energy being the cosmological constant
- "Astronomy Picture of the Day" one of the images of the Cosmic Microwave Background which confirmed the presence of dark energy and dark matter
- SuperNova Legacy Survey home page The Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey Supernova Program aims primarily at measuring the equation of state of Dark Energy. It is designed to precisely measure several hundred high-redshift supernovae.
- "Report of the Dark Energy Task Force"
- "HubbleSite.org – Dark Energy Website" Multimedia presentation explores the science of dark energy and Hubble's role in its discovery.
- "Surveying the dark side"
- "Dark energy and 3-manifold topology" Acta Physica Polonica 38 (2007), p. 3633–3639
- The Dark Energy Survey
- The Joint Dark Energy Mission Arhivirano 2010-09-28 na Wayback Machine-u
- Harvard: Dark Energy Found Stifling Growth in Universe, primary source
- April 2010 Smithsonian Magazine Article Arhivirano 2010-03-26 na Wayback Machine-u
- HETDEX Dark energy experiment
- Dark Energy FAQ Arhivirano 2013-08-19 na Wayback Machine-u
- "The Hunt for Dark Energy" George FR Ellis, Peter Cameron and David Tong discuss the presence of dark energy in the Universe
April 2010 Smithsonian Magazine Article]
- Euclid ESA Satellite, a mission to map the geometry of the dark universe