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En encyclopedia (alternativt encyclopedi) är ett skrivet kompendium över mänsklig kunskap. termen kommer från Grekiskans enkyklios paideia ("i en cirkel av instruktioner"). Encyclopedier kan vara allomfattande, innehållande artiklar om teman inom alla fält, (Encyclopedia Britannica är ett välkänd exempel), eller de kan vara specialiserade inom särskilda fält (e.g. t.ex. en medicinsk, eller filosofisk encyclopedia . Det finns också encyklopedier som täcker all möjliga teman från tex ett land, tex den svenska Nationalencyklopedin.

Termen "encyclopedia" användes för dylika kundkapssamlingar först under 1700-talet.

Tidiga encyclopedier

Många klassiska författare från antiken, som Aristoteles försökte skriva utförligt om mänsklig kunskap. Engellmannen, John Harris är oftast upptagen som den förste som etablerade det nutida formatet 1704 med sitt Lexicon technicum. Den berömda Encyclopaedia Britannica hade en blysam början:from 1768 till 1771 publicerades tre volymer. Den kanske berömdaste encyklopedian är den franska Encyclopédie, skriven av Jean Baptiste le Rond d'Alembert och Denis Diderot och slutfördes 1772 (28 volumer, 71818 artiklar, 2885 illustrationer).

The encyclopedia's hierarchical structure and evolving nature is particularly adaptable to a disk-based or on-line computer format, and all major printed encyclopedias have moved to this method of delivery in recent years. Disk-based (typically CD-ROM format) publications have the advantage of being cheaply produced and extremely portable. Additionally, they can include media which is impossible in the printed format, such as animations, audio and video. Hyperlinking between conceptually related items is also a significant benefit. On-line encyclopedias offer the additional advantage of being (potentially) dynamic: new information can be presented almost immediately, rather than waiting for the next release of a static format (as with a disk or paper based publication).

Information in a printed encyclopedia necessarily needs some form of hierarchical structure, and traditionally the method employed is to present the information ordered alphabetically by the article title. However with the advent of dynamic electronic formats the need to impose a pre-determined structure is unnecessary. Nonetheless, most electronic encyclopedias still offer a range of organisational strategies for the articles, such as by subject area or alphabetically.

Denna artiker är en del av Wikipedia, vilket är en encyklopedia i sig själv.

Se även: The Americana, History of Science and Technology, Encyclopedist, Library and Information Science, Literature, Lexicography, dictionaries, Reference work, Pauly-Wissowa

Notable Encyclopedists before 1700

Suidas
Vincent of Beauvais
Bartholomeus de Glanvilla (Bartholomew of England)
John Henry Alsted
Louis Moréri
John Jacob Hoffman
Pierre Bayle For online editions see http://www.lett.unipmn.it/~mori/bayle/antho.html
Vicenzo Coronelli
Johann Heinrich Zedler German language text of his dictionary and lexicon are available on line at http://mdz.bib-bvb.de/digbib/lexika/zedler/ (68 volumes, 62.571 pages, about 750.000 articles)
Theodor Zwinger (1533-1588)
Pliny "the Elder"

External Links

Commercial online general encyclopedias

Columbia Concise
Grolier (subscription fee required)
Encyclopaedia Britannica (subscription fee required for full access; free trial available)
Microsoft Encarta (partial access; full access for Encarta CD owners only)
World Book (subscription fee required; free trial available)

Encyklopedia projekt, fri tillgång

Länkar till encyklopedias

Encyclopedia meta-search (search nearly 20 online encyclopedias at once)
An enormous list of links to dictionaries and encyclopedias (last updated Nov. 1999)
cnet's encyclopedia metasearch page, which includes Wikipedia

@@ Rad 13: / Rad 13: @@
 Information in a printed encyclopedia necessarily needs some form of hierarchical structure, and traditionally the method employed is to present the information ordered alphabetically by the article title. However with the advent of dynamic electronic formats the need to impose a pre-determined structure is unnecessary. Nonetheless, most electronic encyclopedias still offer a range of organisational strategies for the articles, such as by subject area or alphabetically.
-This article is part of the [[Wikipedia]], which is in itself an encyclopedia.
+Denna artiker är en del av [[Wikipedia]], vilket är en encyklopedia i sig själv.
-See also: [[The Americana]], [[History of Science and Technology]], [[Encyclopedist]], [[Library and Information Science]], [[Literature]], [[Lexicography]], [[dictionary|dictionaries]], [[Reference work]], [[Pauly-Wissowa]]
+Se även: [[The Americana]], [[History of Science and Technology]], [[Encyclopedist]], [[Library and Information Science]], [[Literature]], [[Lexicography]], [[dictionary|dictionaries]], [[Reference work]], [[Pauly-Wissowa]]
 == Notable Encyclopedists before 1700 ==
@@ Rad 38: / Rad 38: @@
 *[http://www.worldbookonline.com/ World Book] (subscription fee required; free trial available)
-===Encyclopedia projects, free and not===
+===Encyklopedia projekt, fri tillgång===
 *[http://www.informationsphere.com/ The Information Sphere]
 *[http://www.netcyclo.com netcyclo]
@@ Rad 45: / Rad 45: @@
 *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/ Catholic Encyclopedia]
-===Links to encyclopedias===
+===Länkar till encyklopedias===
 *[http://www.seeatown.com/search/ Encyclopedia meta-search] (search nearly 20 online encyclopedias at once)
 *[http://stommel.tamu.edu/~baum/hyperref.html An enormous list of links to dictionaries and encyclopedias (last updated Nov. 1999)]