Geji
Geji (kutoka neno la Kiingereza gauge, hasa track gauge au rail gauge) ni umbali kati ya pau mbili za feleji kwenye njia ya reli. Upana hupimwa baina ya pande za ndani za pau.
Nchi nyingi hutumia geji sanifu ya milimita 1,435 (au futi 4 na inchi 8 1/2). Nchi nyingine huwa na geji pana zaidi, nyingine tena na geji nyembamba zaidi. Geji nyembamba zinasababisha gharama ndogo kuliko geji pana.
Kwa reli za pekee zisizounganishwa na mtandao wa njia za reli wa taifa kuna pia geji tofautitofauti. Kwa jumla mizigo mizito sana huelekea kutumia geji pana, na kwa mizigo myepesi geji nyembamba zinatosha.
Katika Afrika ya Mashariki njia za reli zilijengwa awali kwa geji nyembamba ya mita 1.
Geji mbalimbali
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Takriban asilimia 55 za njia za reli duniani hutumia geji sanifu. Njia za reli zenye geji tofauti zinapokutana ni lazima kuwa na vituo vya kubadilisha magurudumu ya mabehewa, vinginevyo treni haziwezi kuendelea.
| Geji | Jina | Urefu wa njia zao (kilomita) | Matumizi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1000mm | Geji ya mita | km 95,000 | Argentina (km 11000), Brazil (km 23489), Bolivia, Chile ya kaskazini, Uswisi , Afrika ya Mashariki, sehemu za Afrika ya Magharibi (takriban asilimia 7% ya njia zote za reli duniani |
| 1067mm | (futi 3 inchi 6) | km 112,000 | Afrika ya Kusini, Nigeria, Indonesia, Japan, Taiwan, Ufilipino, New Zealand, Queensland, Western Australia (takriban asilimia 9% ya njia zote za reli duniani |
| 1435mm | Geji sanifu | km 720,000 | Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Ubelgiji, Bosnia na Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Kroatia, Kuba, Ucheki, Denmark, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Ufaransa, Ujerumani, Great Britain (Ufalme wa Maungano), Ugiriki, Hungary, reli za mjini Uhindi , Indonesia, Italia, Israel, Liechtenstein, Luxemburg, Macedonia Kaskazini, Mexico, Montenegro, Uholanzi, Korea Kaskazini, Norwei, Panama, Peru, Ufilipino, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Korea Kusini, Spain, Uswidi, Uswisi, Marekani, Uruguay, Venezuela, pia reli za binafsi huko Japani na reli ya mkasi mkuu Taiwan. (takriban asilimia 55% ya njia zote za reli duniani |
| 1520mm | Geji ya Kirusi | km 220,000 | Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Ufini, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. (takriban asilimia 17.2% za reli zote za dunia) |
| 1524mm | Geji ya Ufini | km 5,865 | Ufini (inapatana na milimita 1520) |
| 1600mm | Geji ya Ireland | km 9,800 | Eire, Eire ya Kaskazini (Ufalme wa Maungano) (km 1800), huko Australia hasa Victoria na sehemu za Australia Kusini (km 4017), Brazil (km 4057) |
| 1668mm | Geji ya Iberia | km 15,394
1. | Ureno, Hispania. Hispania huwa na km 11,683 za geji hii, na pia km 22 za geji za mchanganyiko manmo 2010.[1] Ureno shirika la Rede Ferroviária Nacional (REFER) linaendesha km 2,650 za geji hii.[1] | |
| 1676mm | Geji ya Uhindi | km 134,008 | India, Pakistan, Bangladesh,Sri Lanka, Argentina, Chile, BART huko Marekani San Francisco Bay Area (takriban asilimia 11.37% ya njia zote za reli duniani |
Kwa jumla urefu wa njia kwa kila aina ya geji:
| Geji | Urefu wa njia(km) | Asilimia ya njia zote za reli |
|---|---|---|
| Geji pana | 385,067 | 29.3% |
| Geji sanifu | 720,000 | 54.8% |
| Geji nyembamba | 207,000 | 15.8% |
Tanbihi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Karl Arne Richter (editor), Europäische Bahnen '11, Eurailpress, Hamburg, 2010, ISBN 978-3-7771-0413-3
Viungo vya Nje
[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- A history of track gauge Archived 4 Desemba 2008 at the Wayback Machine. by George W. Hilton
- "Railroad Gauge Width". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2012-07-17. Iliwekwa mnamo 2017-05-23. — A list of railway gauges used or being used worldwide, including gauges that are obsolete.
- The Days they Changed the Gauge in the U.S. South
- Juan Manuel Grijalvo - The Myth of the "Standard" Gauge