మూస:Infobox praseodymium

ప్రాసియోడిమియం, ₀₀Pr
ప్రాసియోడిమియం
Pronunciation	/ˌpreɪziːəˈdɪmiəm/ (PRAY-zee-ə-DIM-ee)
Appearance	grayish white
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Pr)
	140.90766±0.00001; 140.91±0.01 (abridged);
ప్రాసియోడిమియం in the periodic table
	సీరియం ← ప్రాసియోడిమియం → నియోడిమియం
Group	మూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Period	period 6
Block	f-block
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f3 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1208 K (935 °C, 1715 °F)
Boiling point	3793 K (3520 °C, 6368 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	6.77 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	6.50 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	6.89 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	331 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	27.20 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.13
Atomic radius	empirical: 182 pm
Covalent radius	203±7 pm
	Spectral lines of ప్రాసియోడిమియం
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	hexagonal
Speed of sound thin rod	2280 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	(r.t.) (α, poly) 6.7 µm/(m⋅K)
Thermal conductivity	12.5 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	(r.t.) (α, poly); 0.700 µ Ω⋅m
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	(α form) 37.3 GPa
Shear modulus	(α form) 14.8 GPa
Bulk modulus	(α form) 28.8 GPa
Poisson ratio	(α form) 0.281
Vickers hardness	400 MPa
Brinell hardness	481 MPa
CAS Number	7440-10-0
History
Discovery	Carl Auer von Welsbach (1885)
Isotopes of ప్రాసియోడిమియం v; e;
	Template:infobox ప్రాసియోడిమియం isotopes does not exist
	Category: ప్రాసియోడిమియం; view; talk; edit; \| references

References

↑ మూస:OED
↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Praseodymium". CIAAW. 2017.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
↑ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
↑ Chen, Xin; et al. (2019-12-13). "Lanthanides with Unusually Low Oxidation States in the PrB^3– and PrB^4– Boride Clusters". Inorganic Chemistry. 58 (1): 411–418. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02572. PMID 30543295. S2CID 56148031.
↑ M. Jackson "Magnetism of Rare Earth" The IRM quarterly col. 10, No. 3, p. 1, 2000
↑ మూస:OED

[1] మూస:OED

[2] "Standard Atomic Weights: Praseodymium". CIAAW. 2017.

[CIAAW2021-3] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[Cloke1993-4] Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.

[5] Chen, Xin; et al. (2019-12-13). "Lanthanides with Unusually Low Oxidation States in the PrB^3– and PrB^4– Boride Clusters". Inorganic Chemistry. 58 (1): 411–418. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02572. PMID 30543295. S2CID 56148031.

[jackson-6] M. Jackson "Magnetism of Rare Earth" The IRM quarterly col. 10, No. 3, p. 1, 2000

[7] మూస:OED

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