^ ابپتٹThe standard transliteration of the Ethiopian Semitic consonants and vowels are listed first (except for letters used for loanwords).
^ ابThe letter ä has two functions in this article. When it is shown in IPA (or between slashes) it represents the open central unrounded vowel. When ä is used in the transliteration it represents the first order vowel (usually ɛ).
^ ابپتThe Abugida uses the IPA pronunciations that are used specifically when reading the alphabet or spelling a word in Amharic. The letters' pronunciations in spoken Amharic sometime differ from the IPA vowels given in this chart (dependent on word and stress).
↑The በ series is pronounced with the consonant /β/ in between two vowels.
^ ابThe ደ and ተ series are dentals unlike the English d & t (which are alveolar). The dentals are articulated at the top of the teeth instead of the Alveolar ridge.
^ ابپتٹሀ, ኀ, & ሐ are not pronounced as /hɛ/ nor are አ & ዐ pronounced like /ʔɛ/. Instead they are pronounced as if they were fourth orders (/hä/ & /ʔä/ respectively).
^ ابپتٹThe ቨ, ፐ, ጰ series along with the letter ኧ are all used for loan words. Sometimes ኸ is used to represent the Arabic خ in loanwords but ከ is usually used in modern Amharic instead.
^ ابپتٹThe ejectives have no equivalent in English. The way that ejectives are sounded is by building up pressure in your throat, like when you sneeze, and then release the built-up air as you articulate the consonant where you normally would. So, /t'/ and /t/ are articulated in the same place but the difference is whether you build up pressure or not.
↑This sound was introduced through loan words. It is sometimes pronounced unaspirated as the "p" in spin and is often confused with the /b/ sound
^ ابپتSometimes when /ɛ/ and /ɨ/ are proceeded by /w/ the rounding carries over and they are pronounced like /wɔ/ and /wʊ/ respectively. Because of this, first and sixth orders of the ወ series are sometimes respelled with seventh and second orders respectively.
^ ابThe አ and ዐ series have lost their consonantal values and are vowel carriers in modern Amharic. Though sometimes the consonant /ʔ/ is pronounced in word initial and medial positions, the glottal stop is often dropped.
↑ኧ, being irregular, is not pronounced like 'ʷa but like 'ä and is the only way to write such sound in Amharic.
↑ The modern ኀ isn't a velar. The character was once a velar in ancient Ge'ez, which is why it has a written labial form today, but it became a glottal fricative in modern Amharic. ኀ's labial form is the only way used to write /hʷ/ in Amharic.
