About Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project (KLIP):

• It is a multi-purpose irrigation project on the Godavari River in Kaleshwaram, Bhupalpally, Telangana, India. 
• It is designed to provide water for irrigation and drinking purposes to about 45 lakh acres in 20 of the 31 districts in Telangana, apart from Hyderabad and Secunderabad. 
• Currently the world’s largest multi-stage lift irrigation project, its farthest upstream influence is at the confluence of the Pranhita and Godavari rivers. 
  • The Pranahita River is itself a confluence of various smaller tributaries, including the Wardha, Painganga, and Wainganga rivers, which combine to form the seventh-largest drainage basin on the subcontinent.
• KLIP is divided into 7 links and 28 packages spanning a distance of approximately 500 km (310 mi) through 13 districts and utilizing a canal network of more than 1,800 km (1,100 mi). 
• The project aims to produce a total of 240 TMC (195 from Medigadda Barrage, 20 from the Sripada Yellampalli project, and 25 from groundwater), of which 169 has been allocated for irrigation, 30 for Hyderabad municipal water, 16 for miscellaneous industrial uses, and 10 for drinking water in nearby villages, with the remainder being estimated evaporation loss.

About Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS):

• It is a multi-campus, public-funded research university in Mumbai, India.
• TISS is Asia's oldest institute for professional social work education.
• It was founded in 1936 in the then-Bombay Presidency of British India as the Sir Dorabji Tata Graduate School of Social Work by the Sir Dorabji Tata Trust.
• In 1944, it was renamed the Tata Institute of Social Sciences.
• In 1964, TISS was declared Deemed to be a University under Section 3 of the University Grants Commission Act (UGC), 1956.
• TISS's academic programs focus on the Social Sciences and offer doctoral degrees in Management and Labour Studies, Disaster Studies, Development Studies, Education, Gender Studies, Health Studies, Law, Media and Cultural Studies, Public Policy, Rural Development and Social Work. 
• Since its inception, TISS has had a focus on field activities, including responding to disasters such as the Partition of India, the Bhopal disaster and Uttarakhand floods.

About Sultanpur National Park:

• It is located in the Gurgaon district of Haryana,46 km from Delhi.
• Formerly known as Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary, it spans 1.42 sq.km., consisting primarily of marshy lakes and floodplains.
• It includes a core area of 1.21 sq. km containing the main Sultanpur Lake/Jheel.
  • The Sultanpur Jheel is a seasonal freshwater wetland with fluctuating water levels throughout the year.
  • This shallow lake is mostly fed by waters from River Yamuna’s Gurgaon canal and the overflowing waters of the neighboring agricultural lands. 
• It was recognised as a Ramsar site, a wetland of international importance, in 2021. It has been identified as an Important Bird Area by Bird Life International.
• Flora: The vegetation is characterized by tropical and dry deciduous types such as grasses, dhok, khair, tendu, jamun, neem, berberis, and species of Acacia.
• Fauna:
  • Over 320 bird species have been recorded at Sultanpur, making it a vital wintering ground.
  • It forms a part of the ‘Central Asian Migratory Flyway’ and thousands of migratory birds from the countries of Russia, Turkey, Afghanistan and Europe visit the park during the winter months. 
  • Some iconic species found here are the Common Hoopoe, Purple Sunbird, Black Francolin, Little Cormorant, Indian Cormorant, Siberian Crane, and Greater Flamingo.
  • Other migratory birds that flock seasonally include the Common Teal, Common Greenshank and Ruff.
  • In addition to the avian species, some other faunal species, such as Nilgai, Sambar, Golden jackals, wild dogs, striped hyenas, Indian porcupine, mongoose, etc., are also found here.

About Durgadi Fort:

• It is a fort located in Kalyan, near Mumbai in Maharashtra.
• Perched on the banks of the Ulhas River, the fort provides panoramic views of the surrounding landscape and the city of Kalyan.
  • Kalyan is the busiest junction as well as a key location from ancient times.
  • This was an important international harbour developed during the Satavahana
• Durgadi Fort was built by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and marks the initiation of the Maratha Navy.
  • Shivaji Maharaj captured Kalyan and Bhiwandi from Adil Shah on 24th October 1654.
  • He built a fort near the creek as a support to Kalyan and used it as a dock to manufacture ships.
• The fort is named after Goddess Durga, and a temple dedicated to the goddess is located within the premises.
• The fort holds significant historical value, as it was an important military stronghold during various periods in Indian history. 

About Malwa Canal Project:

• It is a planned irrigation and water management project in Punjab, India.
• It is the first of its kind to be constructed in Punjab since independence.
• Estimated to cost Rs 2,300 crore, the canal will originate from the Harike headworks on the Sutlej in Ferozepur district. 
• It will tail off at Warring Khera village in Muktsar district, close to the border with Haryana, and will flow parallel to the Sirhind Feeder and Rajasthan Feeder canals, to the latter’s east. 
• The canal will be 150 km long, 50 feet wide, and 12.6 feet deep.
• It will carry 2,000 cusecs of water (A cusec is flow equivalent to 1 cubic foot per second.)
• It is designed to cater to the irrigation needs of nearly 2 lakh acres in southern Punjab, running parallel to the left bank of the Rajasthan Feeder Canal.

About DAE- Homi Bhabha Chair Scheme:

• It is administered by the Department of Atomic Energy.
• It is for Distinguished Scientists/Professors, in order to give recognition and an opportunity to outstanding Scientists and Engineers including those retired /superannuated scientists/engineers who were involved in the development of sensitive and/ or critical technologies to carry out research and development work in the fields of their choice and of interest to the Department of Atomic Energy.
• The tenure under DAE- Homi Bhabha Chair Scheme is for the period of one to five years at the discretion of the Selection Committee.
• Under the scheme each awardee shall be entitled to an honorarium of Rs. 200000/-m. (In case honorarium plus pension sanctioned is more than pay last drawn, honorarium would be restricted to pay last drawn before retirement).
  • A contingency grant of Rs.76000/- per annum to cover expenditures like secretarial assistance, telephone bills and stationery.
  • A lump sum equipment allowance (inclusive of Book Allowance) not exceeding Rs.125000/- would also be made available during the entire tenure of the awardee subject to actual utilization. The equipment allowance also includes a sum of Rs.10000/- towards Book Allowance.
  • A fixed monthly transport allowance is also provided in case the awardee of the scheme is not provided with an official vehicle.

About CE20 Cryogenic engine:

• It is the indigenous engine developed by the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre of ISRO.
• It is powering the upper stage of the LVM3 launch vehicle and has been qualified to operate at a thrust level of 19 tonnes.
• This engine has successfully powered the upper stage of six LVM3 missions so far.
• Recently, the engine was qualified for the Gaganyaan mission with a thrust level of 20 tonnes and also to an uprated thrust level of 22 tonnes for the future C32 stage, towards enhancing the payload capability of the LVM3 launch vehicle.
• It features an innovative Nozzle Protection System that overcomes previous complexities in engine testing.
• Key achievements of the test include the successful testing of an engine with a nozzle area ratio of 100, the evaluation of a multi-element igniter by activating only the first element, and the confirmation of normal engine and facility performance.
• Significance: This test marks a significant step in ISRO’s indigenous engine development, showcasing its ability to overcome complex rocket propulsion challenges.

About SAMARTH Udyog Bharat 4.0 Initiative:

• It is an initiative of the Ministry of Heavy Industry & Public Enterprises, Government of India under its scheme on Enhancement of Competitiveness in the Indian Capital Goods Sector.
• SAMARTH Udyog encompasses manufacturers, vendors and customers as the main stakeholders.
• The experiential and demonstration centres for Industry 4.0 have been proposed to spread awareness about I4.0 amongst the Indian manufacturing industries.
• Under this 4 Smart Advanced Manufacturing and Rapid Transformation Hub (SAMARTH) Centres have been set up namely:
  • Centre for Industry 4.0 (C4i4) Lab, Pune;
  • IITD-AIA Foundation for Smart Manufacturing, IIT Delhi;
  • I-4.0 India @ IISc, Bengaluru; and
  • Smart Manufacturing Demo & Development Cell, CMTI, Bengaluru.
• SAMARTH Centres have been providing assistance to industries including MSMEs to train the workforce and make them aware of Industry 4.0 technologies in the following ways:
  • Organizing Awareness Seminars/ Workshops and knowledge-sharing events on Industry 4.0;
  • Training industries to create awareness about Industry 4.0;
  • Providing consultancy (in areas such as IOT Hardware, Software development, and data analytics) and incubation support to start-ups including MSMEs.
• No financial assistance is given to any industry including MSME for adopting Industry 4.0-enabled technologies under the SAMARTH centre initiative of the Scheme.

About Konda Reddi Tribe:

• Konda Reddis is a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) inhabiting the banks of the river Godavari in Andhra Pradesh.
• Language: They speak Telugu with a unique accent.
• Religion: The primary religion practiced by the Konda Reddi is Folk Hinduism, characterized by local traditions and cults of local deities worshipped at the community level.
• Family and Marriage:
  • The family is patriarchal and patrilocal. Monogamy is a rule, but polygamous families are also found.
  • Marriage by negotiations, by love and elopement, by service, by capture, and by exchange are socially accepted ways of acquiring mates. 
• Political Organization:
  • They have their own institution of social control called ‘Kula Panchayat’.
  • Each village has a traditional headman called ‘Pedda Kapu’.
  • The office of the headman is hereditary, and the headman is also the Pujari (priest) of the village deities.
• Livelihood: They are primarily shifting cultivators and largely depend on the flora and fauna of forests for their livelihood. They cultivate largely jowar, which is their staple food.
• The Konda Reddi tribe’s way of life largely revolves around the cow, which is a source of sustenance for them.
• The traditional houses of the Konda Reddis have retained their unique architectural look over the centuries.
• These tribal people are aggressive in the cultivation of commercial crops such as cashew, niger, chilli and cotton under the Podu cultivation method.
• The tribe has adopted a unique circular-shaped architecture for housing. The houses, built with circular mud walls and thatched roofs, resemble the Bhunga architecture of Gujarat’s Kachchh region.