Genghis Khan

Bug-os nga ngaran
	Genghis Khan ; Mongol: Чингис хаан ; Chinggis Khaan; Mongol script (right): ; Chinggis Khagan

Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan
	Supremo nga Khan han mga Mongol
Paghadì	Spring 1206 – August 1227
Pagkoronar	Spring 1206 in khurultai at the Onon River, Mongolia
Nagsunod	Ögedei Khan
Natawo	probably 1162 ; Khentii Mountains, Mongolia
Namatay	August 1227 (aged 65)
Anak	Jochi; Chagatai; Ögedei; Tolui; Others
Bug-os nga ngaran
	Genghis Khan ; Mongol: Чингис хаан ; Chinggis Khaan; Mongol script (right): ; Chinggis Khagan
Panimalay	Borjigin
Amay	Yesügei
Iroy	Oulen

Hi Genghis Khan (c. 1155/1162/1167 - Agosto 18, 1227) nga natawo ha ngaran nga Temujin usa nga makarit nga pinuno han militar nga ginurusa an mga Mongol nga tribu ngan hiya an nagtukod han Imperyo Mongol. An mga khan, nga nagsunod ha iya, ginhimo an Mongolia nga gidadako-i nga imperyo ha kalibutan.

Hi Genghis Khan amo an lolo ni Kublai Khan, nga naging siyahan nga emperador han Dinastiya Yuan han Tsina. Hasta yana waray maaram kun ngain ginlubong hi Genghis Khan.

Mga kasarigan

↑ Tsinino: 成吉思汗; pinyin: Chéng Jí Sī Hán
Birth name:
Temujin /təˈmuːdʒɪn/;
Minonggol: Тэмүжин Temujin [tʰemutʃiŋ] [[:Media:Temujin.ogg|]] (bulig·info);
Middle Mongolian: [Temujin] error: [undefined] error: {{lang}}: no text (help): text has italic markup (help);^[3]
minat-an nga Tsinino: 鐵木真; ginyano nga Tsinino: 铁木真; pinyin: Tiě mù zhēn

↑ Rashid al-Din asserts that Genghis Khan was born in 1155, while the Yuanshi (元史, History of the Yuan dynasty records his year of birth as 1162. According to Ratchnevsky, accepting a birth in 1155 would render Genghis Khan a father at the age of 30 and would imply that he personally commanded the expedition against the Tanguts at the age of 72. Also, according to the Altan Tobci, Genghis Khan's sister, Temülin, was nine years younger than he; but the Secret History relates that Temülin was an infant during the attack by the Merkits, during which Genghis Khan would have been 18, had he been born in 1155. Zhao Hong reports in his travelogue that the Mongols he questioned did not know and had never known their ages.
↑ Ratchnevsky, Paul (1991). Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy. Blackwell Publishing. p. 142. ISBN 0-631-16785-4. "It is possible, however, to say with certainty that Genghis Khan died in August 1227; only in specifying the actual day of his death do our sources disagree."
↑ Central Asiatic Journal. O. Harrassowitz. 5: 239. 1959 http://books.google.com/books?id=PjjjAAAAMAAJ. Ginkuhà 29 Hulyo 2011. Missing or empty |title= (help)

Mga reperensya

Ratchnevsky, Paul (1992, c1991). Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy [Čingis-Khan: sein Leben und Wirken]. tr. & ed. Thomas Nivison Haining. Oxford, UK; Cambridge, Mass., US: B. Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-16785-4. https://archive.org/details/genghiskhanhisli0000paul.
Man, John (2004). Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection. Bantam Press, London. ISBN 978-0-553-81498-9.

Dugang nga barasahon

Brent, Peter (1976). The Mongol Empire: Genghis Khan: His Triumph and His Legacy. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson. ISBN 0-297-77137-X. https://archive.org/details/mongolempiregeng0000bren.
Bretschneider, Emilii (1888, repr. 2001). Mediæval Researches from Eastern Asiatic Sources; Fragments Towards the Knowledge of the Geography & History of Central & Western Asia. Trübner's Oriental Series. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co (repr. Munshirm Manoharlal Pub Pvt Ltd). ISBN 81-215-1003-1.
Cable, Mildred; Francesca French (1943). The Gobi Desert. London: Landsborough Publications.
Chapin, David (2012). Long Lines: Ten of the World's Longest Continuous Family Lineages. College Station, Texas: VirtualBookWorm.com. ISBN 978-1-60264-933.
Charney, Israel W. (ed.) (1994). Genocide: A Critical Bibliographic Review. New York: Facts on File Publications.
De Hartog, Leo (1988). Genghis Khan: Conqueror of the World. London: I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd..
(Frinanses) Farale, Dominique (2002). De Gengis Khan à Qoubilaï Khan : la grande chevauchée mongole. Campagnes & stratégies. Paris: Economica. ISBN 2-7178-4537-2.
(Frinanses) Farale, Dominique (2007). La Russie et les Turco-Mongols : 15 siècles de guerre. Paris: Economica. ISBN 978-2-7178-5429-9.
"Genghis Khan". Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia. World Almanac Education Group. 2005. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 13 Enero 2006. Ginkuhà 22 Mayo 2008. Via the Internet Archive's copy of the History Channel Web site.
Smitha, Frank E. "Genghis Khan and the Mongols". Macrohistory and World Report. Ginkuhà 30 Hunyo 2005.
Kahn, Paul (adaptor) (1998). Secret History of the Mongols: The Origin of Chingis Khan (expanded edition): An Adaptation of the Yüan chʾao pi shih, Based Primarily on the English Translation by Francis Woodman Cleaves. Asian Culture Series. Boston: Cheng & Tsui Co.. ISBN 0-88727-299-1.
Kennedy, Hugh (2002). Mongols, Huns & Vikings. London: Cassell. ISBN 0-304-35292-6. https://archive.org/details/mongolshunsvikin0000kenn.
Kradin, Nikolay; Tatiana Skrynnikova (2006). Imperiia Chingis-khana (Chinggis Khan Empire). Moscow: Vostochnaia literatura. ISBN 5-02-018521-3. (Rinuso) (summary in English)
Kradin, Nikolay (2006). "Why do we call Chinggis Khan's Polity 'an Empire'". Ab Imperio. 7 (1): 89–118. 5-89423-110-8. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
Lamb, Harold (1927). Genghis Khan: The Emperor of All Men. New York: R. M. McBride & company. http://archive.org/details/genghiskhantheem035122mbp.
Lister, R. P. (2000 [c1969]). Genghis Khan. Lanham, Maryland: Cooper Square Press. ISBN 0-8154-1052-2. https://archive.org/details/genghiskhan0000list.
Man, John (2004). Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection. London; New York: Bantam Press. ISBN 0-593-05044-4. https://archive.org/details/genghiskhanlifed0000manj.
Man, John (1997, 1998, 1999). Gobi: Tracking the Desert. London; New Haven, Conn: Weidenfeld & Nicolson; Yale University Press. ISBN 0-7538-0161-2. https://archive.org/details/gobi00john.
Martin, Henry Desmond (1950). The Rise of Chingis Khan and his Conquest of North China. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
May, Timothy (2001). "Mongol Arms". Explorations in Empire: Pre-Modern Imperialism Tutorial: The Mongols. San Antonio College History Department. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 18 Mayo 2008. Ginkuhà 22 Mayo 2008.
Morgan, David (1986). The Mongols. The Peoples of Europe. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-17563-6. https://archive.org/details/mongolspeoplesof00davi.
Saunders, J.J. (1972, repr. 2001). History of the Mongol Conquests. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1766-7.
Stevens, Keith. "Heirs to Discord: The Supratribal Aspirations of Jamukha, Toghrul, and Temüjin"PDF (72.1 KB) Retrieved 22 Mayo 2008.
Stewart, Stanley (2001). In the Empire of Genghis Khan: A Journey among Nomads. London: Harper Collins. ISBN 0-00-653027-3.
Turnbull, Stephen (2003). Genghis Khan & the Mongol Conquests 1190–1400. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-523-6. https://archive.org/details/genghiskhanmongo0000turn.
Valentino, Benjamin A. (2004). Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the Twentieth Century. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3965-5. https://archive.org/details/finalsolutionsma00vale.
Weatherford, Jack (2004). Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World (review). New York: Crown. ISBN 0-609-61062-7.
Zerjal, Xue, Bertorelle, Wells, Bao, Zhu, Qamar, Ayub, Mohyuddin, Fu, Li, Yuldasheva, Ruzibakiev, Xu, Shu, Du, Yang, Hurles, Robinson, Gerelsaikhan, Dashnyam, Mehdi, Tyler-Smith (2003). "The Genetic Legacy of the Mongols" ( – ^{Scholar search}). The American Journal of Human Genetics. 72 (3): 717–721, . doi:10.1086/367774. PMC 1180246. PMID 12592608.CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) ^{[dead link]}

Panguna nga kuruhaon

Juvaynī, Alā al-Dīn Atā Malik, 1226–1283 (1997). Genghis Khan: The History of the World-Conqueror [Tarīkh-i jahāngushā]. tr. John Andrew Boyle. Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN 0-295-97654-3.
- Juvaini, 'ala-ad-Din 'Ata-Malik (1958). History of the World-Conqueror. tr. John Andrew Boyle. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 361. http://archive.org/details/historyoftheworl011691mbp. Ginkuhà 2012-04-16.
Rashid al-Din Tabib (1995). A Compendium of Chronicles: Rashid al-Din's Illustrated History of the World Jami' al-Tawarikh. The Nasser D. Khalili Collection of Islamic Art, Vol. XXVII. Sheila S. Blair (ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-727627-X.
Rashid al-Din Tabib (1971). The Successors of Genghis Khan (extracts from Jami’ Al-Tawarikh). UNESCO Collection of Representative Works: Persian heritage series. tr. from the Persian by John Andrew Boyle. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-03351-6. http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=109217551.
The Secret History of the Mongols: A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century [Yuan chao bi shi]. Brill's Inner Asian Library vol. 7. tr. Igor de Rachewiltz. Leiden; Boston: Brill. 2004. ISBN 90-04-13159-0.

Mga sumpay ha gawas

An Wikimedia Commons mayda media nga nahahanungod han: Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan on In Our Time at the BBC. (listen now)
Book Review of Genghis Khan by Leo De Hartog
Genghis Khan and the Mongols
Welcome to The Realm of the Mongols
Parts of this biography were taken from the Area Handbook series at the Library of Congress
Estimates of Mongol warfare casualties
Genghis Khan on the Web Ginhipos 2004-08-13 han Wayback Machine (directory of some 250 resources)
Mongol Arms Ginhipos 2008-05-18 han Wayback Machine
Genghis Khan's leadership approach – LeaderValues Ginhipos 2012-01-12 han Wayback Machine
‘Ala’ al-Din ‘Ata Malik Juvayni A History of the World-Conqueror Ghengis Genghis Khan, Ata al-Mulk Juvayni and Rashid-al-Din Hamadani

[4] Tsinino: 成吉思汗; pinyin: Chéng Jí Sī Hán
Birth name:
Temujin /təˈmuːdʒɪn/;
Minonggol: Тэмүжин Temujin [tʰemutʃiŋ] [[:Media:Temujin.ogg|]] (bulig·info);
Middle Mongolian: [Temujin] error: [undefined] error: {{lang}}: no text (help): text has italic markup (help);^[3]
minat-an nga Tsinino: 鐵木真; ginyano nga Tsinino: 铁木真; pinyin: Tiě mù zhēn

[birth-1] Rashid al-Din asserts that Genghis Khan was born in 1155, while the Yuanshi (元史, History of the Yuan dynasty records his year of birth as 1162. According to Ratchnevsky, accepting a birth in 1155 would render Genghis Khan a father at the age of 30 and would imply that he personally commanded the expedition against the Tanguts at the age of 72. Also, according to the Altan Tobci, Genghis Khan's sister, Temülin, was nine years younger than he; but the Secret History relates that Temülin was an infant during the attack by the Merkits, during which Genghis Khan would have been 18, had he been born in 1155. Zhao Hong reports in his travelogue that the Mongols he questioned did not know and had never known their ages.

[2] Ratchnevsky, Paul (1991). Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy. Blackwell Publishing. p. 142. ISBN 0-631-16785-4. "It is possible, however, to say with certainty that Genghis Khan died in August 1227; only in specifying the actual day of his death do our sources disagree."

[3] Central Asiatic Journal. O. Harrassowitz. 5: 239. 1959 http://books.google.com/books?id=PjjjAAAAMAAJ. Ginkuhà 29 Hulyo 2011. Missing or empty |title= (help)

[1]

[2]

[note 1]

[3]