Greenlandian: Difference between revisions

Greenlandian
Greenlandian
0.0117 – 0.0082 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Chronology
←	Year 0
←	8.2 kiloyear event
←	4.2 kiloyear event
←	Y2K
	Ages of the Holocene Epoch. ; Axis scale: AD year.;
Etymology
Name formality	Formal
Name ratified	14 June 2018
Usage information
Celestial body	Earth
Regional usage	Global (ICS)
Time scale(s) used	ICS Time Scale
Definition
Chronological unit	Age
Stratigraphic unit	Stage
Time span formality	Formal
Lower boundary definition	End of the Younger Dryas stadial
Lower boundary GSSP	NGRIP2 ice core, Greenland; 75°06′00″N 42°19′12″W / 75.1000°N 42.3200°W
Lower GSSP ratified	14 June 2018 (as base of Greenlandian)
Upper boundary definition	8.2 kiloyear event
Upper boundary GSSP	NGRIP1 ice core, Greenland; 75°06′00″N 42°19′12″W / 75.1000°N 42.3200°W
Upper GSSP ratified	14 June 2018

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Latest revision as of 11:35, 19 December 2023

In the geologic time scale, the Greenlandian is the earliest age or lowest stage of the Holocene Epoch or Series, part of the Quaternary.^[3]^[4] Beginning in 11,650 BP (9701 BCE or 300 HE) and ending with the 8.2-kiloyear event (c. 8200–8300 BP, 6200–6300 BCE, 3600–3700 HE), it is the earliest of three sub-divisions of the Holocene.^[5] It was officially ratified by the International Commission on Stratigraphy in June 2018 with the later Northgrippian and Meghalayan Ages/Stages.^[4] The lower boundary of the Greenlandian Age is the GSSP sample from the North Greenland Ice Core Project in central Greenland (75.1000°N 42.3200°W).^[6] The Greenlandian GSSP has been correlated with the end of Younger Dryas (from near-glacial to interglacial) and a "shift in deuterium excess values".^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Walker, Mike; Head, Martin J.; Berkelhammer, Max; Björck, Svante; Cheng, Hai; Cwynar, Les; Fisher, David; Gkinis, Vasilios; Long, Anthony; Lowe, John; Newnham, Rewi; Rasmussen, Sune Olander; Weiss, Harvey (1 December 2018). "Formal ratification of the subdivision of the Holocene Series/ Epoch (Quaternary System/Period): two new Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSPs) and three new stages/subseries" (PDF). Episodes. 41 (4). Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS): 213–223. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2018/018016. Retrieved 28 August 2020. This proposal on behalf of the SQS has been approved by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) and formally ratified by the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS).
^ Head, Martin J. (17 May 2019). "Formal subdivision of the Quaternary System/Period: Present status and future directions". Quaternary International. 500: 32–51. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2019.05.018.
^ Cohen, K. M.; Finney, S. C.; Gibbard, P. L.; Fan, J-X. (June 2023). "International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
^ ^a ^b International Commission on Stratigraphy. "ICS chart containing the Quaternary and Cambrian GSSPs and new stages (v 2018/07) is now released!". Retrieved 15 July 2018.
^ Amos, Jonathan (18 July 2018). "Welcome to the Meghalayan Age – a new phase in history". BBC News. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
^ ^a ^b International Commission on Stratigraphy. "GSSP Table – All Periods". GSSPs. Retrieved 15 July 2018.

This geochronology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[FRS-1] Walker, Mike; Head, Martin J.; Berkelhammer, Max; Björck, Svante; Cheng, Hai; Cwynar, Les; Fisher, David; Gkinis, Vasilios; Long, Anthony; Lowe, John; Newnham, Rewi; Rasmussen, Sune Olander; Weiss, Harvey (1 December 2018). "Formal ratification of the subdivision of the Holocene Series/ Epoch (Quaternary System/Period): two new Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSPs) and three new stages/subseries" (PDF). Episodes. 41 (4). Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS): 213–223. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2018/018016. Retrieved 28 August 2020. This proposal on behalf of the SQS has been approved by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) and formally ratified by the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS).

[2] Head, Martin J. (17 May 2019). "Formal subdivision of the Quaternary System/Period: Present status and future directions". Quaternary International. 500: 32–51. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2019.05.018.

[ICS-3] Cohen, K. M.; Finney, S. C.; Gibbard, P. L.; Fan, J-X. (June 2023). "International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 31 August 2023.

[chart-4] International Commission on Stratigraphy. "ICS chart containing the Quaternary and Cambrian GSSPs and new stages (v 2018/07) is now released!". Retrieved 15 July 2018.

[BBCNews-5] Amos, Jonathan (18 July 2018). "Welcome to the Meghalayan Age – a new phase in history". BBC News. Retrieved 19 July 2018.

[GSSP-Table-6] International Commission on Stratigraphy. "GSSP Table – All Periods". GSSPs. Retrieved 15 July 2018.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{short description|First age/stage of the Holocene epoch/series}}
+{{Short description|First stage of the Holocene epoch}}
 {{distinguish|Greenlandic (disambiguation){{!}}Greenlandic}}
-{{Use British English|date=January 2021}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
 {{Infobox geologic timespan
 | name                         = Greenlandian
@@ Line 21: / Line 20: @@
 <!--Etymology-->
 | name_formality               = Formal
-| name_accept_date             = 14 June 2018<ref name="FRS">{{cite journal |last1=Walker |first1=Mike |last2=Head |first2=Martin J. |last3=Berkelhammer |first3=Max |last4=Björck |first4=Svante |last5=Cheng |first5=Hai |last6=Cwynar |first6=Les |last7=Fisher |first7=David |last8=Gkinis |first8=Vasilios |last9=Long |first9=Anthony |last10=Lowe |first10=John |last11=Newnham |first11=Rewi |last12=Rasmussen |first12=Sune Olander |last13=Weiss |first13=Harvey |title=Formal ratification of the subdivision of the Holocene Series/ Epoch (Quaternary System/Period): two new Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSPs) and three new stages/subseries |journal=Episodes |publisher=Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS) |date=1 December 2018 |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=213–223 |doi=10.18814/epiiugs/2018/018016 |doi-access=free |url=https://stratigraphy.org/gssps/files/meghalayan.pdf |access-date=28 August 2020}} ''This proposal on behalf of the SQS has been approved by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) and formally ratified by the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS)''.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Head |first1=Martin J. |title=Formal subdivision of the Quaternary System/Period: Present status and future directions |journal=Quaternary International |date=17 May 2019 |volume=500 |pages=32–51 |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2019.05.018 |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618219304343 |access-date=26 December 2020|doi-access=free }}</ref>
+| name_accept_date             = 14 June 2018<ref name="FRS">{{cite journal |last1=Walker |first1=Mike |last2=Head |first2=Martin J. |last3=Berkelhammer |first3=Max |last4=Björck |first4=Svante |last5=Cheng |first5=Hai |last6=Cwynar |first6=Les |last7=Fisher |first7=David |last8=Gkinis |first8=Vasilios |last9=Long |first9=Anthony |last10=Lowe |first10=John |last11=Newnham |first11=Rewi |last12=Rasmussen |first12=Sune Olander |last13=Weiss |first13=Harvey |title=Formal ratification of the subdivision of the Holocene Series/ Epoch (Quaternary System/Period): two new Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSPs) and three new stages/subseries |journal=Episodes |publisher=Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS) |date=1 December 2018 |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=213–223 |doi=10.18814/epiiugs/2018/018016 |doi-access=free |url=https://stratigraphy.org/gssps/files/meghalayan.pdf |access-date=28 August 2020}} ''This proposal on behalf of the SQS has been approved by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) and formally ratified by the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS)''.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Head |first1=Martin J. |title=Formal subdivision of the Quaternary System/Period: Present status and future directions |journal=Quaternary International |date=17 May 2019 |volume=500 |pages=32–51 |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2019.05.018 |doi-access= }}</ref>
 | alternate_spellings          =
 | synonym1                     =
@@ Line 59: / Line 58: @@
 }}
 {{Human history}}
-In the [[geologic time scale]], the '''Greenlandian''' is the earliest [[age (geology)|age]] or lowest [[stage (stratigraphy)|stage]] of the [[Holocene]] [[Epoch (geology)|epoch]] or [[series (stratigraphy)|series]], part of the [[Quaternary]].<ref name="ICS">{{cite web |url=http://www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2020-01.pdf |last=Cohen |first=K. M. |last2=Finney |first2=S. C. |last3=Gibbard |first3=P. L. |last4=Fan |first4=J-X. |title=International Chronostratigraphic Chart |publisher=International Commission on Stratigraphy |date=January 2020 |access-date=8 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="chart">{{cite web |last1=International Commission on Stratigraphy |title=ICS chart containing the Quaternary and Cambrian GSSPs and new stages (v 2018/07) is now released! |url=http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-news-and-meetings/120-ics-chart-containing-the-quaternary-gssps-and-new-stages-v-2018-07-is-now-released |access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref> Beginning in 9700 BCE and ending 6236 BCE,<ref name="BBCNews">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-44868527 |title=Welcome to the Meghalayan Age – a new phase in history |last=Amos |first=Jonathan |date=18 July 2018 |work=BBC News |access-date=19 July 2018}}</ref> it is the earliest of three sub-divisions of the Holocene, and was officially ratified by the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy]] in June 2018 with the later [[Northgrippian]] and [[Meghalayan]] ages/stages.<ref name="chart"/> The lower boundary of the Greenlandian Age is the [[Global_Boundary_Stratotype_Section_and_Point|GSSP]] sample from the [[North Greenland Ice Core Project]] in central Greenland (75.1000°N 42.3200°W).<ref name="GSSP-Table">{{cite web |last1=International Commission on Stratigraphy. |title=GSSP Table – All Periods |url=http://www.stratigraphy.org/GSSP/index.html |website=GSSPs |access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref> The Greenlandian GSSP has been correlated with the end of [[Younger Dryas]] (from near-glacial to interglacial) and a "shift in deuterium excess values".<ref name="GSSP-Table"/>
+In the [[geologic time scale]], the '''Greenlandian''' is the earliest [[age (geology)|age]] or lowest [[stage (stratigraphy)|stage]] of the [[Holocene]] [[Epoch (geology)|Epoch]] or [[series (stratigraphy)|Series]], part of the [[Quaternary]].<ref name="ICS">{{cite web |url=https://stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2023-06.pdf |last1=Cohen |first1=K. M. |last2=Finney |first2=S. C. |last3=Gibbard |first3=P. L. |last4=Fan |first4=J-X. |title=International Chronostratigraphic Chart |publisher=International Commission on Stratigraphy |date=June 2023 |access-date=31 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="chart">{{cite web |last1=International Commission on Stratigraphy |title=ICS chart containing the Quaternary and Cambrian GSSPs and new stages (v 2018/07) is now released! |url=http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-news-and-meetings/120-ics-chart-containing-the-quaternary-gssps-and-new-stages-v-2018-07-is-now-released |access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref> Beginning in 11,650 [[Before Present|BP]] (9701 BCE or 300 HE) and ending with the [[8.2-kiloyear event]] (c. 8200&ndash;8300 BP, 6200&ndash;6300 BCE, 3600&ndash;3700 HE), it is the earliest of three sub-divisions of the Holocene.<ref name="BBCNews">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-44868527 |title=Welcome to the Meghalayan Age – a new phase in history |last=Amos |first=Jonathan |date=18 July 2018 |work=BBC News |access-date=19 July 2018}}</ref> It was officially ratified by the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy]] in June 2018 with the later [[Northgrippian]] and [[Meghalayan]] Ages/Stages.<ref name="chart"/> The lower boundary of the Greenlandian Age is the [[Global_Boundary_Stratotype_Section_and_Point|GSSP]] sample from the [[North Greenland Ice Core Project]] in central Greenland (75.1000°N 42.3200°W).<ref name="GSSP-Table">{{cite web |last1=International Commission on Stratigraphy. |title=GSSP Table – All Periods |url=http://www.stratigraphy.org/GSSP/index.html |website=GSSPs |access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref> The Greenlandian GSSP has been correlated with the end of [[Younger Dryas]] (from near-glacial to interglacial) and a "shift in deuterium excess values".<ref name="GSSP-Table"/>
 ==References==
 {{reflist}}
+{{Holocene footer}}
 {{Geological history|p|m}}
 {{geochronology-stub}}
 [[Category:10th millennium BC]]
+[[Category:2018 neologisms]]
 [[Category:Cenozoic|*01]]
 [[Category:Geological epochs]]
@@ Line 73: / Line 74: @@
 [[Category:Quaternary geochronology|*03]]
 [[Category:Quaternary|*]]
+[[Category:Younger Dryas]]

v t e Holocene
ICS stages/ages (official)	Preceded by the Pleistocene Greenlandian (11.7* – 8.236* ka) Northgrippian (8.236 – 4.2† ka) Meghalayan (4.2 ka – present)
Blytt–Sernander stages/ages	Pleistocene Preboreal (10.3† ka – 9† ka) Boreal (9 ka – 7.5† ka) Atlantic (7.5 ka – 5† ka) Subboreal (5 ka – 2.5† ka) Subatlantic (2.5 ka – present)
*Relative to year 2000 (b2k). †Relative to year 1950 (BP/Before "Present").